完全埋伏阻生的下颌第三磨牙拔除术后第二磨牙远中骨缺损的修复

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多数完全埋伏阻生的下颌第三磨牙由于紧邻第二磨牙，拔除术后常会出现相邻下颌第二磨牙远中骨质缺损，且多为拔除术前原有骨质缺损的进一步显现及加剧，故拔除术后可能出现第二磨牙远中牙周袋形成，甚至远中牙根吸收、龋坏等症状，严重时甚至会出现第二磨牙松动以致拔除的情况，故术后第二磨牙远中骨缺损的修复有重要意义。第二磨牙远中骨缺损量受多种因素影响，如年龄、拔除术前下颌第三磨牙阻生状态、手术方式等。目前针对第二磨牙远中骨缺损不同影响因素有多种预防方式及修复方式，主要为骨及骨替代材料移植、引导骨组织再生术、细胞活性成分移植等，不同修复方式均有不足之处，或经济成本高，或导致骨吸收影响新骨生成量，本文针对目前拔除完全埋伏阻生的下颌第三磨牙后，相邻第二磨牙远中骨缺损影响因素、预防及修复方法的研究进展作一综述。

关键词: 下颌第三磨牙, 下颌第二磨牙, 骨缺损修复

Abstract: Being adjacent to mandibular second molars, most of fully impacted mandibular third molars often lead to distal bone defect of adjacent second molars after extraction, which is often manifested and aggravated by the original bone defect before extraction. Also symptoms of mandibular second molars may occur, such as formation of periodontal pocket, distal root absorption, erosion and even looseness of second molar resulting in extraction. So it is of great significance to repair the distal bone defect of second molar, which is affected by many factors, such as age, pre-operative impacted state of third molar, and the surgical methods. At present, there are various prevention and repair methods for different influence factors of the distal bone defect of second molar, such as bone/bone substitute graft, guided bone regeneration, and cell active ingredient transplantation etc. But all the existing repair methods have deficiencies, such as high economic costs, or leading to bone resorption and reducing the amount of new bone formation. This ?review? aims? to? summarize? the? research? progress ?on? the influence factor, prevention and repair methods of distal bone defect of adjacent second molar after extraction of fully impacted mandibular third molars.

Key words: Mandibular third molar, mandibular second molar, bone defect repair

中图分类号:

R782.1

梁艺康非吾. 完全埋伏阻生的下颌第三磨牙拔除术后第二磨牙远中骨缺损的修复[J]. 口腔医学, 2020, 40(1): 78-82.

YI LIANG. Repair of distal bone defect of the second molar after extraction of fully impacted mandibular third molars[J]. Stomatology, 2020, 40(1): 78-82.

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