下颌管分支的锥形束CT观测研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的基于锥形束CT（cone beam computed tomography，CBCT）研究下颌管分支的分布情况及相关数据，为临床实践提供指导和依据。方法对400例（共800侧下颌骨）山西地区成年人，拍摄CBCT后对下颌管分支的出现情况及其长度、直径和角度进行测量分析，探究性别、左右侧及各年龄层对下颌管分支的影响。结果 400例患者中下颌管分支的发生率为40.75%（163/400），共发生于248侧（31.0%）下颌骨中。下颌管分支的分型中，磨牙后管、牙管、前行管和颊舌侧管的比例分别为45.97%、23.39%、28.63%和2.02%，下颌管分支的直径平均为（1.18±0.36）mm，长度平均为（12.58±4.72）mm，与下颌管主干的夹角平均为42.46°±18.14°。结论山西地区成年人群的下颌管分支发生率较高，尤其在磨牙后区较常见，在行下颌后牙区外科手术前，建议拍摄CBCT预估风险，避免发生术中损伤导致严重的并发症。

关键词: 下颌管分支, 锥形束CT, 发生率, 磨牙后管

Abstract: Objective Based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the distribution and related data of bifid mandibular canals were studied, so as to provide guidance and basis for clinical practice. Methods Fourhundred adult people (800 sides of mandible) in Shanxi Province were taken CBCT to measure and analyze the prevalence, length, diameter and angle of bifid mandibular canals, and to explore the influence of gender, left and right sides and different age groups on bifid mandibular canals. Results The incidence of bifid mandibular canal was 40.75% (163/400), which occurred in 248 sides (31.0%). In the classification of bifid mandibular canals, the proportion of retromolar canal, dental canal, forward canal and buccolingual canal was 45.97%, 23.39%, 28.63% and 2.02%, respectively. The average diameter and length of bifid mandibular canals were（1.18±0.36）mm and（12.58±4.72）mm respectively, and the average angle with the main mandibular canal was (42.46±18.14)°. Conclusions The incidence of bifid mandibular canal is high in adults in Shanxi Province, especially in the posterior molar area. CBCT should be taken to estimate the risk before surgery, so as to avoid serious complications caused by intraoperative injury.

Key words: bifid mandibular canal, cone beam CT, incidence, retromolar canal

杨鑫王承煜王珏范亚伟. 下颌管分支的锥形束CT观测研究[J]. 口腔医学, 2021, 41(10): 900-904.

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