未控制的2型糖尿病伴Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎患者龈下菌斑菌群结构及代谢功能分析

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索分析未控制的2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)伴Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎患者与血糖正常的Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎患者间龈下菌斑的菌群结构和代谢功能的差异。方法本研究共纳入30例Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎患者,其中糖尿病组(DM组)15例,血糖正常组(NDM组)15例。记录受试者的基本信息,在牙周治疗前于口内探诊深度(probing depth,PD)≥5 mm的位点处收集龈下菌斑。提取DNA以扩增16S rRNA高变区V3~V4,并对构建的文库进行测序和生物信息学统计分析。结果本研究共获得2 252 397个高质量序列,4 935个特征序列。物种分类注释为18门、39纲、72目、120科、274属和508种。α多样性分析显示DM组样本中的生物种类更加丰富,Shannon指数显著高于NDM组(P<0.05);β多样性分析显示两组微生物物种组成存在一定相似性。在门水平上,DM组和NDM组只有非优势菌绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)存在显著性差异,而优势菌之间无明显差异。在属水平,NDM组产线菌属(Filifactor)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)和坦纳菌属(Tannerella)的相对丰度更高,DM组纤毛菌属(Leptotrichia)和月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)相对丰度更高。对龈下菌群进行功能性预测,发现在DM组中显著性上调的代谢通路共26条。结论未控制的2型糖尿病伴Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑中,微生物种类更加丰富,属水平上纤毛菌属和月形单胞菌属相对丰度更高,同时代谢水平上调。

关键词: 2型糖尿病, Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎, 龈下菌斑, 16S rRNA测序

Abstract:

Objective To explore the differences and metabolic function in subgingival microbiome in Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis with and without uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 30 subjects with Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis were included in this study, including 15 cases of diabetes (DM) group and 15 cases of normal blood glucose (NDM) group. Basic information of the subjects was recorded and subgingival plaque was collected at periodontal pockets of probing depth (PD)≥ 5 mm before periodontal treatment. DNA was extracted to amplify the highly variable regions V3-V4 of 16S rRNA, and sequencing, bioinformatics and statistical analysis was performed on the constructed library. Results This study obtained a total of 2 252 397 high-quality sequences and 4 935 feature sequences. The species classification annotation included 18 phyla, 39 classes, 72 orders, 120 families, 274 genera, and 508 species. Alpha diversity analysis showed a significantly higher Shannon index in DM group. The β diversity analysis showed that there was a certain similarity in the microbial species composition between the two groups. At the phylum level, there was one significant difference in the microbial community between two groups, Chloroflexi, a non-dominant bacterium, while there was no significant difference between dominant bacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Filifactor, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Tannerella was higher in the NDM group, while the relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Selenomonas was higher in the DM group. Functional prediction of subgingival microbiota revealed 26 significantly up-regulated metabolic pathways in the DM group. Conclusion In patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes combined with Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis, the subgingival plaque has more abundant microbial species, and the relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Selenomonas at the genus level is significantly higher, while the metabolic level is up-regulated.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis, subgingival plaque, 16S rRNA sequencing

中图分类号:

R780.2

范雅丹, 宋忠臣, 廖悦, 程岚, 葛琳华. 未控制的2型糖尿病伴Ⅲ/Ⅳ期牙周炎患者龈下菌斑菌群结构及代谢功能分析[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(12): 887-894.

FAN Yadan, SONG Zhongchen, LIAO Yue, CHENG Lan, GE Linhua. Alterations and metabolic function in subgingival microbiome in Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(12): 887-894.

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