口源性口臭相关微生物及可挥发性含硫化合物的产生机制

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 口臭是指呼吸时口腔发出的异常气味，已成为影响社会交往和造成心理障碍的原因之一。而其中口源性口臭占到90%，其主要的致臭气体为硫化氢和甲基硫醇。目前认为口源性口臭主要源于口腔微生态的平衡被打破，造成厌氧菌的比例升高。本文就口源性口臭相关微生物及可挥发性含硫化合物(VSC)的产生机制作一综述，以期厘清其发病机制。通过现有的研究发现，口腔内多种微生物，包括牙周致病菌、S. moorei、唾液链球菌、念珠菌及一些其他的厌氧菌与口源性口臭的发生密切关联。VSC（可挥发性含硫化合物）中硫化氢和甲基硫醇的产生机制主要包括了糖蛋白的去糖基化和含硫蛋白的降解这两个重要步骤。这两个步骤又与细菌的作用密切相关，糖蛋白的去糖基化主要依赖革兰阳性细菌产生的β-半乳糖苷酶；而含硫蛋白的降解主要依赖革兰阴性细菌的L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶分解半胱氨酸产生硫化氢和L-甲硫氨酸-α-脱氨基-γ-巯基乙醇-裂解酶分解甲硫氨酸产生甲基硫醇。为日后口臭的病因分析、诊断及治疗提供一定思路。

关键词: 口源性口臭, 微生物, 挥发性含硫化合物, 产生机制, 糖蛋白

Abstract: Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant odour from the oral cavity, and it has become one of the causes that influence sociality and mental health, 90% of which is intra-oral halitosis, and the main odour-forming gases of which are hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan. The lack of balance between the micro-ecology in the oral cavity causes the prevalence of anaerobes, which is currently considered to be blamed for the intra-oral halitosis. In this paper, the microorganisms related to the intra-oral halitosis and the generation mechanism of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) are summarized, in order to clarify its pathogenesis. Existing research has revealed that various microorganisms in the oral cavity, including periodontal pathogens, S. moorei, streptococcus salivarius，Candida and some other anaerobes are closely associated with the occurrence of halitosis. Deglycosylation of glycoproteins and the degradation of sulfur containing proteins play an important role in the generation mechanism of VSC including hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan. Bacteria plays an important part in these two steps. β-galactosidase of G+ bacteria plays a main role in deglycosylation of glycoproteins. L-cysteine desulfurase of G- bacteria can degrade cysteine into hydrogen sulfide and METase of G- bacteria can degrade methionine into methyl mercaptan. The aim of this review is to provide some ideas for the etiological analysis, diagnosis and treatment of halitosis in the future.

Key words: Intra-oral halitosis, Microorganisms, Volatile sulfur compounds, Generation mechanism, Glycoproteins

中图分类号:

　R780.1

单晨叶玮. 口源性口臭相关微生物及可挥发性含硫化合物的产生机制[J]. 口腔医学, 2020, 40(9): 864-868.

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