Abstract: Dental treatment for children under general anesthesia has been developed for more than 60 years in many countries. The technology has become more and more mature, and the effect has been widely affirmed. In China, this technology has been adopted by some hospitals since the end of 1990s, and it has developed rapidly in recent years. Many hospitals have started or prepared to treat children patients under general anesthesia. Patients have to queue up for several months or even longer to get treated in the majority of those hospitals. This article introduced the domestic and international situations of pediatric dental treatment under general anesthesia, its indication, contraindication, risk prevention, criteria establishment and future prospect.