Abstract: Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare abnormal tooth eruption disorder, which is caused by an abnormal mechanism of tooth eruption rather than other local or systemic factors. The pathogenesis is not very clear and may be related to gene mutations. Mutation of parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) is one of the proven etiologies. The clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by incomplete tooth eruption and posterior teeth open bite. Orthodontic extrusion is ineffective. Due to its obvious family aggregation, genetic analysis is a necessary auxiliary examination method, which is of great significance to the screening, diagnosis and treatment of PFE. There is no effective treatment method for PFE at present. Removable partial denture, implant denture and surgical treatment are available for reference. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of PFE.

Key words: tooth eruption, primary failure of eruption, parathyroid hormone receptor 1