青少年下切牙先天性缺失对牙颌面形态的影响

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.07.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the dento-maxillofacial features of adolescents with congenital absence of lower incisor teeth, and explore the influence of lower incisor absence on dento-maxillofacial morphology. Methods A total of 60 control samples and 114 samples with missing teeth(missing 1 tooth: 69; missing 2 teeth: 45)were included in the study. By means of cephalometric imaging analysis on the lateral cephalic radiography, the differences in the dento-maxillofacial features between the normal population and teenagers with lower incisor missing teeth were compared, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results Compared with control group, SNB, ANB, FMA, Po-NB and SGn-FH were significantly different in bone tissue measurement(P<0.05). In tooth measurement, L1-NB angle, L1-NB distance and L1-MP angle were significantly reduced(P<0.05). LL-EP, FH-N'Pog' and N'-Sn-Pog' were significantly different in soft tissue measurements(P<0.05). Conclusion The congenital absence of lower incisor teeth in adolescents is mostly manifested as Class Ⅱ skeletal pattern, and most of thempresented with mandibular underdevelopment including the vertical and sagittal directions. However, the chin has compensatory growth. The lingual inclination of the incisor axis is obvious in the missing teeth group, and the lingual inclination of the incisor is more obvious in the patients with 2 missing incisor teeth. In addition, the chin soft tissue is well developed, but the lower lip is relatively retracted.

Key words: congenital absence of lower incisor teeth, dento-maxillofacial morphology, lateral cephalic radiography, cephalometric measurement

CLC Number:

R783.5

YU Xin, LU Shengnan, ZHANG Ting, XIE Huimin, SHI Hui. The influence of congenital absence of lower incisors in adolescents on the morphology of dento-maxillofacial features[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(7): 531-535.

Figures/Tables 3

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Tab.1

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References 20

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测量指标		对照组 n=60		缺牙组(1颗) n=69		缺牙组(2颗) n=45		单因素方差分析
测量指标		对照组 n=60		缺牙组(1颗) n=69		缺牙组(2颗) n=45		F		P
骨组织测量指标
SNA/(°)	81.97±1.55		81.89±2.68		80.95±2.34		1.059		0.354
SNB/(°)	80.46±1.33		78.03±3.07		78.01±2.61		6.344		0.003^**
ANB/(°)	1.67±1.26		3.87±1.65		2.95±2.04		9.597		0.000^***
FH-NPo/(°)	85.23±2.07		85.36±2.49		86.44±2.94		1.199		0.309
NA-APo/(°)	5.80±3.00		7.57±4.01		5.05±5.57		1.874		0.163
FMA/(°)	30.92±2.10		27.40±5.04		26.43±4.53		6.135		0.004^**
SGn-FH/(°)	66.30±3.06		63.31±2.96		61.49±2.51		12.608		0.000^***
Po-NB/mm	0.93±0.86		1.55±1.02		1.83±1.53		5.440		0.007^**
N-ANS/mm	51.99±3.53		51.62±3.43		51.71±3.02		1.460		0.241
ANS-Me/mm	64.00±5.04		60.80±4.41		57.98±4.33		7.009		0.002^**
S-Go/mm	73.00±3.28		73.18±6.32		73.04±4.90		0.007		0.993
S-Go/N-Me/%	63.11±4.23		65.11±4.01		66.65±4.29		4.833		0.012^*
牙体测量指标
U1-NA距/mm	6.00±1.41		6.93±2.41		6.69±4.03		0.676		0.513
U1-NA角/(°)	25.06±4.45		28.54±7.55		28.58±12.97		1.107		0.338
L1-NB距/mm	7.57±1.02		5.00±1.58		3.19±1.54		43.806		0.000^***
L1-NB角/(°)	33.65±1.81		25.70±3.78		20.58±5.33		54.630		0.000^***
U1-L1/(°)	126.17±3.71		121.97±9.84		127.32±13.51		1.758		0.182
U1-SN(°)	107.21±5.29		110.45±7.23		109.55±11.53		0.902		0.412
IMPA/(°)	94.75±3.53		93.37±4.97		88.53±5.77		7.818		0.001^**
软组织测量指标
UL-EP/mm	2.09±1.15		1.63±2.40		1.02±1.99		1.292		0.283
LL-EP/mm	3.46±0.95		1.59±2.74		0.77±1.97		8.024		0.001^**
Z角/(°)	71.24±2.74		66.17±8.29		69.45±8.16		3.019		0.057
FH-N'Pog'/(°)	88.88±1.76		90.55±2.57		91.52±1.71		7.173		0.002^**
N'-Sn-Pog'/(°)	167.54±1.98		162.55±4.25		164.23±4.26		10.270		0.000^***

测量指标	对照组vs.缺牙组(1颗)		对照组vs.缺牙组(2颗)		缺牙组(1颗) vs.缺牙组(2颗)
测量指标	差值	P	差值	P	差值	P
骨组织测量指标
SNB/(°)	4.43	0.004^**	4.45	0.005^**	0.02	0.996
ANB/(°)	-2.20	0.000^***	-1.28	0.013^*	0.92	0.231
FMA/(°)	3.52	0.007^**	4.49	0.004^***	0.97	0.571
SGn-FH/(°)	2.99	0.002^**	4.81	0.000^***	1.82	0.062
Po-NB/mm	-0.62	0.004^**	-0.90	0.005^**	-0.28	0.597
ANS-Me/mm	3.20	0.011^*	6.02	0.001^**	2.82	0.086
S-Go/N-Me/%	-2.00	0.121	-3.54	0.010^*	-1.54	0.276
牙体测量指标
L1-NB距/mm	2.57	0.000^***	4.38	0.000^***	1.81	0.001^**
L1-NB角/(°)	7.95	0.000^***	13.07	0.000^***	5.12	0.003^**
IMPA/(°)	1.38	0.394	6.22	0.000^***	4.84	0.013^**
软组织测量指标
LL-EP/mm	1.87	0.002^**	2.69	0.000^***	0.82	0.268
FH-N'Pog'/(°)	-1.67	0.017^*	-2.64	0.000^***	-0.97	0.273
N'-Sn-Pog'/(°)	4.99	0.000^***	3.31	0.004^**	-1.684	0.213

The influence of congenital absence of lower incisors in adolescents on the morphology of dento-maxillofacial features

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