815颗儿童上颌多生牙的回顾性分析

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2023.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究儿童上颌前部多生牙的三维特征,分析其对恒牙的影响。方法基于临床及CBCT资料回顾性分析594例儿童815颗上颌前部多生牙病例的年龄、性别、部位、数目、形态、萌出情况及对恒前牙的影响。结果 594例患者共815 颗多生牙,患者的平均年龄7.98岁,男女比例为3.37:1;上颌前部多生牙中以1颗多生牙最常见(63.97%);形态以锥形多见;位置分布上,正中多生牙84.54%,冠在腭侧占大部分(78.28%);方向上440颗倒置(53.99%),其次是正向。儿童上颌前部多生牙大部分未萌或阻生,已萌多生牙占20.61%。对恒前牙影响中,多生牙中错𬌗畸形555例,发生率高达68.10%,囊性变23例,恒牙牙根吸收14例。结论儿童上颌前牙区多生牙易引发错𬌗畸形,需及时拔除。

关键词: 多生牙, CBCT, 错𬌗畸形, 回顾性分析

Abstract:

Objective To study the three-dimensional characteristics of anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth in children and their effects on permanent teeth. Methods Based on clinical and CBCT data, retrospective analysis was conducted in aspects of the age, gender, location, number, shape, eruption and effect on permanent anterior teeth of 815 maxillary supernumerary teeth from 594 children. Results There were 815 supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxilla in 594 children, whose average age was 7.98, and the male to female ratio was 3.37:1. One supernumerary tooth was most common(63.97%). Conical shape was much more than others; 84.54% among them were mesiodens, and the crowns located at the palatal side accounted for 78.28%. A total of 440 supernumerary teeth were in inverted direction(53.99%). Most supernumerary teeth were unerupted or impacted, and the eruption rate was 20.61%. There were 555 supernumerary teeth which caused malocclusion(68.10%). Cystic changes and root resorption of permanent teeth were respectively found in 23 cases and 14 cases. Conclusion Maxillary anterior supernumerary teeth in children are prone to malocclusion and need to be removed in time.

Key words: supernumerary tooth, CBCT, malocclusion, retrospective analysis

中图分类号:

R783.5

陈云, 曹灵, 王雅欣, 于剑南. 815颗儿童上颌多生牙的回顾性分析[J]. 口腔医学, 2023, 43(8): 717-721.

CHEN Yun, CAO Ling, WANG Yaxin, YU Jiannan. A retrospective study on 815 maxillary supernumerary teeth in children[J]. Stomatology, 2023, 43(8): 717-721.

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参考文献 34

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年龄组/岁	人数/n	占比/%
3~4	23	1.01
5~6	129	21.72
7~8	251	42.26
9~10	101	17.00
11~12	51	8.59
13~14	39	6.57

多生牙数目	男	女	合计	P
1颗	280(73.68)	100(26.32)	380	0.02
2颗	171(82.61)	36(17.39)	207
3颗及以上	7(100.00)	0(0.00)	7

性别	有错??畸形	无错??畸形	合计	P
男	314(68.56)	144(31.44)	458	0.25
女	86(63.24)	50(36.76)	136
合计	400	194	594

项目	项目分型	错??畸形	无错??畸形	合计	P
萌出状态	已萌	116(69.05)	52(30.95)	168	0.76
萌出状态	未萌	439(67.85)	208(32.15)	647
牙齿形态	圆锥形	521(68.64)	238(31.36)	759	0.35
	附加型	17(85.00)	3(15.00)	20
	结节型	9(39.13)	14(60.87)	23
	牙胚型	8(61.54)	5(38.46)	13
区域分布	正中牙	493(71.55)	196(28.45)	689	0.00
	侧切牙区	57(50.00)	57(50.00)	114
	尖牙区	5(41.67)	7(58.33)	12
冠的位置	唇侧	12(75.00)	4(25.00)	16	0.00
	牙弓内	82(50.93)	79(49.07)	161
	腭侧	461(72.26)	177(27.74)	638
方向	正向	195(69.40)	86(30.60)	281	0.55
	倒置	286(65.00)	154(35.00)	440
	横向(近远中)	29(74.36)	10(25.64)	39
	横向(唇腭向)	55(84.62)	10(15.38)	65