Objective　 To examine the effect of the lateral peterygoid muscle in the reconstruction the condylar shape during the sagittalfracture of mandibular condyle (SFMC) healing process. Methods　Twenty four adult sheep were randomly divided into 2 groups, All sheep had a uniateral operation on the right side of cuting anterior and posterior attachments of the the discs ,and an oblique vertical osteotomy was made from the lateral pole of the condyle to the medial side of the condylar neck. One group (group A) Keep pterygoid muscle in the attached condylar free, and exercise their functions. The other group (group B) In the perioperative cut pterygoid muscle in the attached condylar free, to block its function . Each group sheep were sacrificed at 2 weeks、4 weeks、12 weeks、and 24 weeks after surgery, And separation of complete TMJ general under the microscope, According to the TMJ sagittal direction in the third and divided into fixed, HE staining and paucean tuichrome staining. Result　In the group without cut the the lateral peterygoid muscle.the joints showed greater overgrows of new bone more advanced ankylosis. Conclusion　This study shows that the lateral pterygoid muscle plaied very important role the reconstruct the condylar shape during the sagittalfracture of mandibular condyle (SFMC) healing process.

Objective The aim of this study was silence Pitx2 gene by Pitx2- morpholino oligos microinjection so as to explore the effect of down-regulated Pitx2 on tooth development related genes in zebrafish. Methods Pitx2 gene was down-regulated by morpholino oligos microinjection. We observed the development of the embryos in 72 hours with microscopes, synthesized gene probes for Bmp4、Fgf8 by cloning specific gene fragment of Bmp4 and Fgf8 with RT-PCR directly，and then carried out the in situ hybridization with embryos from different stages during early dental development to observe the effect of down-regulated Pitx2 on expression of Bmp4 and Fgf8 in zebrafish branchial arch in early dental development. Results We successfully synthesized gene probes for Bmp4 and Fgf8，and observed the development of the embryos in 72 hours with microscopes. Growth retardation or termination,. pericardial edema, spinal and eyes deformity appeared in the zebrafish embryos in Morpholino groups after Pitx2- morpholino oligos microinjection. In situ hybridization showed that down-regulated Pitx2 increased the expression of Bmp4, and repressed the expression of Fgf8 in branchial arch of zerafish after Pitx2- morpholino oligos microinjection, compared with wild zebrafish. Conclusion We found out the Effect of down-regulated Pitx2 on the early dental development related genes Bmp4 and Fgf8 in zebrafish.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of CytC in the labial glands of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) and explore the effects of CytC on pSS. Methods Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used separately to examine CytC protein and mRNA in labial glands in 40 patients with pSS and 22 patients with non- pSS and to make an analysis of their differences. SPSS12.0 software package was used for t test. Results The expression levels of CytC protein and CytCmRNA in 40 patients with pSS were higher than those in 22 patients with non-pSS. (P<0.05). There was significant difference between pSS and non- pSS. Conclusion The study reveals that the CytC expresses abnormally in the labial glands of patients with pSS.

Objective This study was to designed to detect the changes on facial symmetry of patients with mandible deviation in different age groups who have received orthodontic treatment. PA cephalometic radiographs and facial photograms were compared before and after orthdontic treatment. Methods 40 patients with mandible deviation were included and divided equally into two groups by age: adolescent group and adult group (male and female were equal in each group). Every patient’s asymmetry ratio of the facial hard and soft tissue was calculated and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package with paried t test. Results Before orthdontic treatment, the asymmetry ratios of Mas and Max of patients in adolescent group were in the normal range ,while asymmetry ratios of Go and Ag were much higher than 5%, and the Me deviation was over 3.0mm. After the treatment, the abnormal ratios were obviously lowered. The data of facial photogram was in accordance with those of PA cephalometic radiograph. In the adult group, the asymmetry ratios of Mas, Max, Go and Ag were abnormal with the Me deviation over 3.0mm before orthdontic treatment. After the treatment, the abnormal ratios were lowered slightly. The data of facial photogram was in agreement with those of PA cephalometic radiograph while the ratios of soft tissue was slightly lower than those of hard tissue .Conclusions The facial asymmetry ratios of all patients with mandible deviation was lower amd lower from middle 1/3 to lower 1/3 of the face .The asymmetry ratios of the soft tissue in both groups were consistant with the hard tissue in each group, while soft tissue asymmetry ratio slightly lowered than hard tissue in adult group. The facial symmetry of adolescent patients was highly improved after orthdontic treatment, while the improvement in adult group was limited. Thus, the study suggested that early treatment of mandible deviation was very needed.

Objective To study the effects of monomer released from four kinds of temporary crown materials on DNA damage of buccal mucosa cells. Methods The experimental animal models was established with prosthesis of temporary crowns on dog' s teeth, using chemical-curing acylate resin, heat-curing resin, DMG-TEMP resin and Shofu SWIFT-TEMP resin. The buccal mucosa cells in the corresponding areas were collected and its DNA damage was detected by comet assay in five different periods. Results The residual monomer released from chemical-curing resin and heat-curing resin resulted in significant comet cells percentages of buccal mucosa cells (P<0.01) during the forepart period after temporary crowns were worn. The comet cells percentage of buccal mucosa cells in DMG-TEMP resin group and Shofu SWIFT-TEMP resin group both remained steady at a low level, without significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusions The chemical-curing and heat-curing resin crowns resulted in significant DNA damage of buccal mucosa cells in the corresponding areas during the forepart period after temporary crowns were worn, while DMG-TEMP resin and Shofu SWIFT-TEMP resin crowns did not.

Objective To evaluate the effects of repairing bone defects around dental implants with tissue engineering bone established with Bio-oss collagen scaffold. Methods Four minipigs were divided into 2 groups randomly. The bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) were separated with adherent methods. They were cultured, proliferated and induced in osteogenic induction medium. Collagen I and BGP were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The induced passage 3 cells and Bio-oss collagen were mixed as a complex. The experimental model was established. The complex was implanted into peri-implant bone defects. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the 8th week and the 16th week. Element Ca2+ in the specimens and its osteogenesis were analyzed with X-ray examination, histological examination, and energy disperse analysis. Results Staining of collagen I and BGP was positive by immunocytochemistry. Von Kossa staining proofed the formation of mineralization nodules. Scanning electron micrographs showed the cells adhered to the inner surfaces of the Bio-oss collagen. At the 8th week, the new bone was more in group BMSCs / Bio-oss collagen than that in group of Bio-oss collagen. There was significant difference between two groups in the percentages of element Ca2+(P<0.05) according to energy disperse anaylsis. At the 16th week, there was good osseointegration in two groups, and there was no significant difference in the percentages of element Ca2+ between two groups according to energy disperse anaylsis. Conclusion Using BMSCs/Bio-oss collagen complex can shorten the time for osseointegration in reparing bone defects around implants in minipigs compared with using Bio-oss collagen alone.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the oriental preadjusted appliance-KOSAKA applied in treatment of mono-maxillary Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion with single maxillary extraction and discuss the mechanism and application. Methods 28 cases aged 17~26 years old with Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion were chosen and treated with the oriental preadjusted appliance-KOSAKA and with single maxillary extraction. Cephalometric analysis was performed before and after the treatment. Results In the sagittal direction, U1-NA and U1-SN were reduced 16.93° and 7.06°, U1-NA(mm) was reduced 3.83mm, U1-L1 was increased 12.94°, L1-NB and L1-MP were increased 2.78° and 4.62°, L1-NB(mm) were increased 1.50mm, and there were significant differences in these changes（P<0.05）, but the changes of SNA, SNB, ANB were no significant（P>0.05）. In the vertical direction, the changes of SN-MP and Y axis were no significant（P>0.05）.Conclusion The oriental preadjusted appliance-KOSAKA is effective for treatment of Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion with single maxillary extraction.

Abstract: Objective To construct 3-D finite element model of craniofacial complex in rapid maxillary expansion so as to provide biomechanics research platform for evaluating the stress distribution and displacement change rule of craniofacial complex in rapid maxillary expansion. Methods Using CT scan, and softwares of Mimics10.0, ProE Wildfire 4.0, MSC.Marc.mentat 2005R3 and Geomagic Studio10.0, the 3-D finite element model of craniofacial complex with solid models of maxillary first premolar, first molar and its periodontal ligament as well as the band was developed. Results A 3-D finite element model of craniofacial complex was constructed, which included 522800 elements. The model had good comparability with the morphology and quite precise mechanical characteristics, which could be imported to CAD. Conclusion The method to develop a 3-D finite element model of craniofacial complex in rapid maxillary expansion using CT, Mimics10.0, MSC.Marc.mentat 2005 R3 and Geomagic studio10.0 is feasible and effective, which can be used for biomechanical analysis of RME.

Objective To clinically evaluate the effects of guided bone regeneration (GBR) in peri-implant bone defects with acellular dermal matrices(ADM). Methods A total number of 22 patients undergoing implant treatment in our department of stomatology from July 2008 to July 2011 were selected. Among them 12 were men and 10 were women, aging from 21 to 62 (with the average age of 43.8). There were altogether 28 implants. All the 28 implants were placed in the thin alveolar ridges of patients with buccal or labial bone defects. The bone defects were covered with admixture of HA-coral particles and autogenous bone, and then the surfaces of the particles were covered with acellular dermal matrix membranes. Clinical examination was conducted to follow up the healing of the acellular dermal matrix. Results The acellular dermal matrix membranes of 1 case were exposed and removed 1 month later due to a localized infection. One implant was removed three years later because of loosening.All of the other peri-implant bone defects of the rest patients were completely covered with new formed bones in the second stage of operation 6 months later. The length of the exposed part of the implants was zero. Conclusion ADM membrane has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradablility and can be used in guided bone regeneration to promote the bone repair progress clinically.

Objective To evaluate the effects of maxillary protraction and Pendulum appliance on the treatment of anterior crossbite in early permanent dentition. Methods 12 patients (4 male,8 female) with anterior crossbite and crowded upper dentition in early permanent dentition were selected, aged from 9～12 years old(10.7 on average). All the patients were treated with maxillary protraction for 3 to 6 months first. And then the modified Pendulum appliance was applied for distal movement of molars for 2 to 6 months to provide space for aligning the upper dentition. Finally the MBT straight wire appliance was used to complete the treatment. Treatment effects were evaluated by cephalometric analysis. Results After treatment, all the patients obtained normal overbite and overjet: ANB increased by 2.57°; overjet increased by 6.32mm; upper central incisors proclined by 8.58 °and moved mesially by 5.22mm; upper first molars inclined distally by 3.17 °and moved distally by 2.87mm. Conclusion For the patients with anterior crossbite and crowded upper dentition , maxillary protraction combined with Pendulum appliance can obtain good results, but the clinical choice of cases should be cautious to avoid excessive mesial movement of upper incisors.

Objective To assess the esthetic effects and factors for implants of lost anterior teeth. Methods Clinical data of 134 patients who received restoration of anterior teeth from April, 2009 to December, 2010 in our hospital were analysed retrospectively. The situation of plants was followed up. Assess the esthetic effects of implants of lost anterior teeth by visual analog scale（VAS） and implant crown esthetic index（ICAI）, and analyze the factors. Results The survival ratio of implants was 98.26 % after followed-up. The score of VAS from 134 patients was（89.21±3.12）. The total average ICAI score was（1.81±0.11）from doctors. It showed that the esthetic effects of all implants were well. The esthetics was positively related to implantation methods, treatment of soft tissues around the implants (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between the esthetic effects and the way of incision and flap surgery(P＜0.05). Conclusion There are lots of factors that affect esthetic effects of implants. It’s necessary to choose proper ways of operation according to patients’ condition and to improve communication between doctors and patients so as to adjust factors that affect esthetic effects, so that patients’ satisfaction degree can be improved.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy of burning mouth syndrome and quality of research of psychological treatment in recent years, and to develop a guide for BMS therapy. Methods The databases such as CMB, CNKI, Articles, VIP, Web Of Science, MEDLINE, Sciencedirect, Springerlink published from the 1991 to 2011 were searched, collecting all published literatures about psychological treatment of burning mouth syndrome, Literatures were screening and the data were extraction in accordance with inclusion criteria.and analyzing literature based on evidence-based medicine. Results There were total 15 articles met the criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) is on a small number and low research quality, Meta-analysis can not be done. The results showed that: For now, psychology treatment of burning mouth syndrome has a good effect. Conclusion The quantity and quality of the research literature are far from satisfaction and can not meet the clinical needs.Further trials of high methodological quality need to be undertaked in order to provide the best evidence for treatment of BMS.

Objective To compare the center heights of clinical crowns of the adults with different vertical facial skeletal patterns and obtain the average value of the center heights of clinical crowns. Methods 30 high angle, 30 average angle and 30 low angle adults were selected as samples according to the inclusion criteria. The center heights of clinical crowns of the same teeth in three groups were measured and the differences between them were statistically analyzed. Results The center heights of clinical crowns in high angle group were higher than those in the average angle group, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). The center heights of clinical crowns in high angle group and average group were all higher than those in low angle group and there was a significant statistically difference between them(P<0.05). Conclusion The straight-wire brackets should be placed in the center of clinical crowns. The bonding heights of the high and average angle patients should be greater than those of the low angle patients. The doctor should determine the bonding height of brackets according to the vertical facial skeletal pattern of each patient.

The clinical information and treatment strategies of a patient with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the lower jaw due to esophagus cancer were reported in detail. The main clinical manifestations included exposure of bone，sequestrum formation and local infection. The patient had good prognosis through medicine suspension, mouth rinse, antibiotics administration and debridement.