纳米材料在口腔癌诊疗中的研究进展

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

口腔癌是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其早期诊断与有效治疗仍是当前临床面临的主要挑战。常规手术、放疗和化疗等手段疗效有限,常伴有多种并发症,且患者预后不佳、死亡率较高或生活质量严重受损。因此,实现早期诊断和精准治疗对改善患者预后至关重要。纳米材料凭借其独特的理化性能,为克服传统诊疗方法的局限性提供了新策略。本综述旨在系统总结纳米材料在口腔癌诊疗中的前沿应用、关键突破及现存挑战,以期为未来研究提供方向。

关键词: 纳米材料, 口腔癌, 诊疗

Abstract:

Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head and neck region, and its early diagnosis and effective treatment remain major clinical challenges. Conventional approaches such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy exhibit limited efficacy and are often accompanied by various complications, leading to poor prognosis, high mortality, or severely compromised quality of life in patients. Therefore, achieving early diagnosis and precise treatment is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients. Nanomaterials, by virtue of their unique physicochemical properties, offer novel strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods. This review aims to systematically summarize the cutting-edge applications, key breakthroughs, and existing challenges of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, with the goal of providing direction for future research.

Key words: nanomaterials, oral cancer, diagnosis and treatment

中图分类号:

R782.05

张惠如, 高忆雪, 张姊靓, 方禹博, 杨静. 纳米材料在口腔癌诊疗中的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(9): 707-712.

ZHANG Huiru, GAO Yixue, ZHANG Ziliang, FANG Yubo, YANG Jing. Research progress in nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of oral cancer[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(9): 707-712.

参考文献 54

[1]	Lin XJ, Wu WZ, Ying YK, et al. microRNA-31: A pivotal oncogenic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Cell Death Discov, 2022, 8: 140. doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-00948-z pmid: 35351880
[2]	张慧敏, 邢育珍. 吞咽功能改良康复方案在口腔癌术后患者中的应用[J]. 临床口腔医学杂志, 2025, 41(8): 488-491.
[3]	Abati S, Bramati C, Bondi S, et al. Oral cancer and precancer: A narrative review on the relevance of early diagnosis[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(24): 9160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249160
[4]	Bewley AF, Farwell DG. Oral leukoplakia and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Clin Dermatol, 2017, 35(5): 461-467. doi: S0738-081X(17)30104-9 pmid: 28916027
[5]	Zhang Q, Hou D, Wen XY, et al. Gold nanomaterials for oral cancer diagnosis and therapy: Advances, challenges, and prospects[J]. Mater Today Bio, 2022, 15: 100333.
[6]	高贤明, 曲会娟, 单培培. 纳米材料在口腔癌治疗中的应用研究进展[J]. 癌症进展, 2021, 19(21): 2170-2173.
[7]	Cheng Z, Li MY, Dey R, et al. Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: Current progress and perspectives[J]. J HematolOncol, 2021, 14(1): 85.
[8]	符天宇, 张雪, 王思琪, 等. 碳点在口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的诊断及治疗中的应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2025, 52(1): 25-33.
[9]	韩金鹏, 刘畅越, 刘英. 液体活检在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的应用研究进展[J]. 四川医学, 2024, 45(8): 920-923.
[10]	朱慧, 俞光岩. 唾液检测早期诊断口腔癌的研究进展[J]. 现代口腔医学杂志, 2021, 35(2): 124-127.
[11]	赵忠芳, 王丹洋, 王红宇, 等. 唾液和血液中生物标志物在口腔鳞状细胞癌早期诊断中的应用[J]. 兰州大学学报(医学版), 2024, 50(12): 74-79.
[12]	金鑫, 王晓英. 口腔癌相关唾液肿瘤生物标志物的分析检测研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2019, 77(4): 340-350. doi: 10.6023/A18100414
[13]	Lo PK. Nanometre-scale biosensors revolutionizing applications in biomedical and environmental research[J]. Biosensors, 2023, 13(11): 969. doi: 10.3390/bios13110969
[14]	Liu RX, Guo JH, Ma G, et al. Alloyed crystalline Au-Ag hollow nanostructures with high chemical stability and catalytic performance[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(26): 16833-16844. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b03728
[15]	Wang YW, Zhang YT, Du Q, et al. Sensitive SERS detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma-related miRNAs in saliva via gold nanohexagon array coupled with hybridization chain reaction amplification[J]. Anal Methods, 2022, 14(44): 4563-4575. doi: 10.1039/D2AY01180H
[16]	Sunil N, Unnathpadi R, Seenivasagam RK, et al. Development of an AI-derived, non-invasive, label-free 3D-printed microfluidic SERS biosensor platform utilizing Cu@Ag/carbon nanofibers for the detection of salivary biomarkers in mass screening of oral cancer[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2025, 13(10): 3405-3419. doi: 10.1039/D4TB02766C
[17]	Hu J, Gao D. Recent advances in aptamer-based microfluidic biosensors for the isolation, signal amplification and detection of exosomes[J]. Sensors, 2025, 25(3): 848. doi: 10.3390/s25030848
[18]	胡程晨, 高志, 王志刚, 等. SDF-1所修饰的包裹吲哚菁绿和液态氟碳纳米粒造影剂在兔舌癌颈部转移淋巴结的应用[J]. 中国超声医学杂志, 2018, 34(6): 561-564.
[19]	孙小艳, 董仕鹏, 李奥, 等. 纳米CT造影剂的研究现状及未来发展[J]. 中国基础科学, 2021, 23(6): 78-84.
[20]	Lai JJ, Luo ZZ, Chen LT, et al. Advances in nanotechnology-based targeted-contrast agents for computed tomography and magnetic resonance[J]. Sci Prog, 2024, 107: 00368504241228076. doi: 10.1177/00368504241228076
[21]	Yu HQ, Zheng SH, Wang C, et al. Novel anti-VEGFR2 antibody-conjugated nanobubbles for targeted ultrasound molecular imaging in a rabbit VX2 hepatic tumor model[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2023, 11(45): 10956-10966. doi: 10.1039/d3tb01718d pmid: 37942841
[22]	姜玥莹, 何宇添, 李婷, 等. 近红外荧光探针在口腔癌诊断中应用的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2023, 50(4): 407-413.
[23]	Lin B, Wu J, Wang YX, et al. Peptide functionalized upconversion/NIR Ⅱ luminescent nanoparticles for targeted imaging and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9(3): 1000-1007. doi: 10.1039/D0BM01737J
[24]	袁鑫玺, 夏也康, 王涵, 等. 机器学习在牙列缺损修复中的应用[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(9): 707-712.
[25]	Krishnan N, Jiang Y, Zhou JR, et al. A modular approach to enhancing cell membrane-coated nanoparticle functionality using genetic engineering[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2024, 19(3): 345-353. doi: 10.1038/s41565-023-01533-w
[26]	Chen HY, Deng J, Yao XT, et al. Bone-targeted erythrocyte-cancer hybrid membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for enhancing photothermal and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy of bone invasion by OSCC[J]. J Nanobiotechnol, 2021, 19: 342. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01088-9 pmid: 34702291
[27]	Yu LN, Zhu GX, Zhang ZY, et al. Nano-photosensitizer directed targeted phototherapy effective against oral cancer in animal model[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2023, 18: 6185-6198. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S434917 pmid: 37933297
[28]	苏运哲, 吕银凤, 冯兴军, 等. 刺激响应性肽纳米材料的分类及应用进展[J]. 科学通报, 2025, 70(22): 3764-3778.
[29]	Liu GQ, Lovell JF, Zhang L, et al. Stimulus-responsive nanomedicines for disease diagnosis and treatment[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(17): 6380. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176380
[30]	闵昌琴, 黄英. pH值/近红外激光刺激响应型载药系统的构建及在抗口腔鳞癌中的应用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(8): 1940-1951.
[31]	Lara-Ochoa S, Ortega-Lara W, Guerrero-Beltrán CE. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in drug delivery: Physicochemistry and applications[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2021, 13(10): 1642. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101642
[32]	黄晓霖, 周建平. 肿瘤微环境响应型纳米递药系统在肿瘤治疗中的应用进展[J]. 山东化工, 2025, 54(12): 104-107.
[33]	Circu ML, Aw TY. Reactive oxygen species, cellular redox systems, and apoptosis[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2010, 48(6): 749-762. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.022
[34]	付凯钰, 常云汉, 史恩宇, 等. 共载吲哚菁绿和Nrf2-siRNA的多功能纳米粒子对抗口腔鳞状细胞癌的体外作用研究[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2024, 40(5): 422-428. doi: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.009
[35]	马荆玉, 马宇锋. 无机纳米材料介导的光动力疗法在口腔疾病中研究进展[J]. 中国实用口腔科杂志, 2023, 16(4): 503-508.
[36]	Kong TT, Liu TJ, Zhang YJ, et al. Carbon dots with intrinsic theranostic properties for photodynamic therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Biomater Appl, 2022, 37(5): 850-858. doi: 10.1177/08853282221116855
[37]	Song WZ, Li YZ, Wang YQ, et al. Indocyanine green-loaded gold Nanoflowers@Two layers of silica nanocomposites for photothermal and photodynamic therapy of oral carcinoma[J]. J Biomed Nanotechnol, 2017, 13(9): 1115-1123. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2017.2409 pmid: 31251144
[38]	Legge CJ, Colley HE, Lawson MA, et al. Targeted magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for the treatment of oral cancer[J]. J Oral Pathology Medicine, 2019, 48(9): 803-809. doi: 10.1111/jop.v48.9
[39]	Deepagan VG, You DG, Um W, et al. Long-circulating Au-TiO₂Nanocomposite as a sonosensitizer for ROS-mediated eradication of cancer[J]. Nano Lett, 2016, 16(10): 6257-6264. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02547 pmid: 27643533
[40]	Chen XH, Xing HL, Zhou ZL, et al. Nanozymes go oral: Nanocatalytic medicine facilitates dental health[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2021, 9(6): 1491-1502. doi: 10.1039/d0tb02763d pmid: 33427841
[41]	王宇琪, 胡敏, 闫嘉晴. 纳米酶在口腔疾病预防及治疗中的应用进展[J]. 现代口腔医学杂志, 2025, 39(4): 322-325.
[42]	Xiao Y, Lai FX, Xu MR, et al. Dual-functional nanoplatform based on bimetallic metal-organic frameworks for synergistic starvation and chemodynamic therapy[J]. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2023, 9(4): 1991-2000. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01476
[43]	Zhao XG, Yu YX, Xu XD, et al. Machine learning-assisted high-throughput screening of nanozymes for ulcerative colitis[J]. Adv Mater, 2025, 37(9): 2417536. doi: 10.1002/adma.v37.9
[44]	刘国庆, 徐一童, 冼勋德. 基因治疗:过去、现在和未来[J]. 中国医药导刊, 2023, 25(1): 9-12.
[45]	刘毅, 任刚. 纳米医学在口腔癌治疗中的研究进展[J]. 医学综述, 2018, 24(11): 2145-2149.
[46]	Wang D, Xu X, Zhang K, et al. Codelivery of doxorubicin and MDR1-siRNA by mesoporous silica nanoparticles-polymerpolyethylenimine to improve oral squamous carcinoma treatment[J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2018, 13: 187-198. doi: 10.2147/IJN
[47]	Ma PC, Li JM, Gao Y, et al. Local and systemic delivery of the BimS gene nano-complex for efficient oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2022, 17: 2925-2941. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S357702 pmid: 35814613
[48]	Wang ZL, Han J, Guo ZY, et al. Ginseng-based carbon dots inhibit the growth of squamous cancer cells by increasing ferroptosis[J]. Front Oncol, 2023, 13: 1097692. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1097692
[49]	Xiang ZZ, Wei XY, Zhang ZY, et al. Efficacy, safety and single-cell analysis of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: A phase Ⅱtrial[J]. Nat Commun, 2025, 16: 3968. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59004-w
[50]	Ding GF, Wang W, Duan QK, et al. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy versus neoadjuvant immunoradiotherapy in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Front Immunol, 2025, 16: 1563737. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563737
[51]	Wang J, Liang D, Qu ZH, et al. PEGylated-folic acid-modified black phosphorus quantum dots as near-infrared agents for dual-modality imaging-guided selective cancer cell destruction[J]. Nanophotonics, 2020, 9(8): 2425-2435. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2019-0506
[52]	周远端, 黎思绮, 林宇璇, 等. 超顺磁性纳米颗粒在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国肿瘤临床, 2025, 52(9): 460-464.
[53]	Fang ZZ, Yang EL, Du Y, et al. Biomimetic smart nanoplatform for dual imaging-guided synergistic cancer therapy[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2022, 10(6): 966-976. doi: 10.1039/D1TB02306C
[54]	Masarwy R, Breier D, Stotsky-Oterin L, et al. Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 lipid nanoparticles elicits therapeutic genome editing in head and neck cancer[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(7): e2411032.