MXene纳米材料的免疫调节机制及相关应用的研究进展

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

MXene纳米材料是一种新型二维材料,具有独特的物理和化学性质,因其优异的电学、热学、机械性能及生物活性(包括抗氧化、抗炎、成骨和抗菌特性)成为生物医学领域的热点材料。近年研究表明,MXene可通过清除活性氧、调节免疫微环境及靶向调控免疫细胞功能(如巨噬细胞极化、树突状细胞活化、T细胞分化及中性粒细胞功能),展现出突破性的免疫调节潜力。该免疫调节特性使其在癌症治疗、骨缺损修复、创面愈合、抗病毒感染、干细胞移植和神经界面构建等多个生物医学领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文系统综述了MXene纳米材料的免疫调节机制及其在生物医学领域的应用进展,并对未来进一步深入探索MXene与免疫细胞相互作用的分子机制、优化其生物医学性能等研究进行展望。

关键词: MXene, 纳米材料, 免疫调节, 癌症治疗, 骨组织工程, 创面修复, 干细胞移植

Abstract:

MXene nanomaterials, as emerging two-dimensional materials with exceptional physicochemical characteristics, have garnered significant attention in biomedical research owing to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties as well as their biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and antimicrobial properties. Emerging evidence highlights MXene’s groundbreaking immunomodulatory potential by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulating the immune microenvironment, and targeting immune cell functions (e. g., macrophage polarization, dendritic cell activation, T cell differentiation, and neutrophil function). The immunomodulatory properties of MXene have demonstrated promising applications in various biomedical fields such as cancer therapy, bone defect repair, wound healing, antiviral infection, stem cell transplantation, and neural interface construction. In this paper, the immunomodulatory mechanism of MXene nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical fields are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed emphasizing the molecular mechanism of MXene’s interaction with immune cells and optimization of its biomedical properties.

Key words: MXene, nanomaterials, immunomodulatory, cancer therapy, bone tissue engineering, wound healing, stem cell transplantation

中图分类号:

R783.1

王晓婷, 王彦玮, 李芃瑾, 李桐, 刘雨平, 袁俊. MXene纳米材料的免疫调节机制及相关应用的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(3): 215-223.

WANG Xiaoting, WANG Yanwei, LI Pengjin, LI Tong, LIU Yuping, YUAN Jun. Advances in immunomodulatory mechanisms and related applications of MXene nanomaterials[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(3): 215-223.

图/表 2

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MXene类型	免疫调节特性	作用机制	参考文献
Ti₃C₂T_x	强抗氧化、抗炎;调控M2型巨噬细胞极化;激活DC成熟	清除ROS;下调NF-κB/MAPK通路;物理吸附细胞因子;降低促炎因子表达水平;光热诱导ICD	[5,16,18,23,26,32]
Nb₂CT_x	抗氧化	表面官能团的氧化还原反应	[5]
V₂CT_x	抗氧化;调节中性粒细胞功能转换	强多酶模拟活性,催化ROS分解;抑制ROS-NE/MPO-PAD4通路,激活ROS-PI3K-AKT-mTOR通路	[15,43]
V₄C₃T_x	免疫抑制;降低T细胞活化	下调CD40/CD40L表达;抑制TCR信号和抗原呈递;上调EIF2通路	[38]
Ti₃C₂ MQDs	调节T细胞分化;激活中性粒细胞功能	选择性抑制IFN-γ⁺ Th1细胞;促进CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg扩增;诱导中性粒细胞脱颗粒和NETosis	[37,41]
Pd@Ti_3-_xC₂T_y	调控巨噬细胞极化;激活DC	增强声动力效应;诱导TAMs向M1型转化	[27]
Bi₂MoO₆-MXene	促进DC成熟	增强声动力效应诱导细胞铁死亡	[34]