吸附性义齿修复在全口无牙颌患者中的美学效果及对咀嚼功能和语言功能的影响

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究吸附性义齿修复在全口无牙颌患者中的美学效果及对咀嚼功能和语言功能的影响。方法选取2020年6月—2023年6月医院收治的85例全口无牙颌患者为研究对象。随机数字表法分为观察组(42例)和常规组(43例),常规组采用传统全口总义齿修复技术,观察组实施吸附性义齿修复技术。对比两组义齿修复成功率、义齿适应时间、修复满意度,比较两组美学效果、咀嚼功能和语言功能、固位稳定性、佩戴舒适性,修复前、修复后6个月口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14)评分评估患者口腔相关的生活质量,比较两组复诊次数、调改次数及并发症发生率。结果与常规组比较,观察组一次戴牙成功率明显高,义齿适应时间明显短,修复满意度明显高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。修复后两组面下部高度(Sn-Gn)较修复前明显增高,面中部与面下部的比例(G-Sn/Sn-Gn)、鼻唇角(Cm-Sn-Ls)较修复前明显降低,修复后观察组Sn-Gn、G-Sn/Sn-Gn、Cm-Sn-Ls改变幅度明显大于常规组(P<0.05);观察组咬合力、咀嚼效率、语言功能评分、固位稳定性评分、佩戴舒适性评分较常规组明显高(P<0.05);修复后两组生理功能、心理功能、日常生活评分较修复前明显降低,且观察组生活质量各项评分明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。与常规组比较,观察组复诊次数、调改次数明显少,口腔溃疡、黏膜痛等并发症总发生率明显低(P<0.05)。结论与传统全口总义齿修复技术比,吸附性义齿修复在全口无牙颌患者中的美学效果及对义齿基础功能的改善作用方面更明显,且吸附性义齿修复后患者适应时间短、预后佳,并发症发生风险低。

关键词: 全口无牙颌, 吸附性义齿, 修复, 美学效果, 咀嚼功能, 语言功能

Abstract:

Objective To explore the aesthetic effect of adsorptive denture restoration on completely edentulous patients and the impact on masticatory function and language function. Methods A study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2023 among 85 completely edentulous patients. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The routine group (n=43) underwent traditional complete denture restoration, while the observation group (n=42) underwent adsorptive denture restoration. Comparison was made between groups on the success rate of denture restoration, adaptation time, satisfaction with denture restoration, aesthetic effect, masticatory function, language function, retention stability, comfort level, the OHIP-14 scores before restoration and at 6 months after restoration, frequencies of follow-up visits and adjustments, and the incidence of complications. Results Compared with the routine group, the observation group had a significantly higher success rate of one-time denture wearing,significantly shorter adaptation time and significantly higher satisfaction with restoration, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After restoration, height of the lower face (Sn-Gn) increased significantly, while the midface to lower face ratio (G-Sn/Sn-Gn) and nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls) decreased significantly in both groups. The changes of Sn-Gn, G-Sn/Sn-Gn and Cm-Sn-Ls in the observation group after restoration were significantly greater(P<0.05). Bite force, masticatory efficiency, language function score, retention stability score and wearing comfort level score of the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05). After restoration, the scores for physiological function, psychological function and activities of daily living of the two groups decreased significantly. The observation group had significantly lower life quality scores (P<0.05). The frequencies of follow-up visits and adjustments and the total incidence of complications were significantly lower in observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional complete denture restoration, adsorptive denture restoration can achieve more obvious aesthetic effect on completely edentulous patients, and improve the basic function of dentures more significantly. In addition, adsorptive denture restoration has characteristics of shorter adaptation time, better prognosis and lower risk of complications.

Key words: completely edentulous, adsorptive denture, restoration, aesthetic effect, masticatory function, language function

中图分类号:

R783.4

李向荣, 邱建平, 郭爱军. 吸附性义齿修复在全口无牙颌患者中的美学效果及对咀嚼功能和语言功能的影响[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(2): 112-117.

LI Xiangrong, QIU Jianping, GUO Aijun. Aesthetic effect of adsorptive denture restoration on completely edentulous patients and the impact on masticatory function and language function[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(2): 112-117.

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组别	n	性别(n)		义齿修复史(n)		年龄/岁	身体质量指数/ (kg/m²)	牙槽嵴吸收程度(n)		文化程度(n)
组别	n	男	女	有	无	年龄/岁	身体质量指数/ (kg/m²)	Ⅰ~Ⅱ级	Ⅲ~Ⅳ级	初中及以下	初中以上
观察组	42	19	23	35	7	65.31±8.11	22.31±2.61	16	26	28	14
常规组	43	17	26	32	11	66.02±7.87	23.01±2.58	15	28	28	15
χ²/t		0.283		1.012		0.397	1.206	0.095		0.023
P		0.595		0.315		0.692	0.231	0.758		0.880

组别	n	修复成功率n(%)		义齿适应时间/月	修复满意度
组别	n	一次戴牙成功	经过1~3次复诊成功	义齿适应时间/月	修复满意度
观察组	42	24(57.14)	40(95.24)	1.62±0.18	53.02±5.27
常规组	43	15(34.88)	40(93.02)	2.97±0.30	46.07±4.78
χ²/t		4.240	0.188	25.083	6.371
P		0.039	0.664	<0.001	<0.001

组别	n	G-Sn			Sn-Gn
组别	n	修复前	修复后	差值	修复前	修复后	差值
观察组	40	67.03±7.05	67.19±6.95	0.16±0.04	59.64±6.03	69.87±7.14	10.21±1.15
常规组	40	66.89±6.94	67.04±6.78	0.15±0.03	60.03±5.98	65.01±6.62	4.98±0.67
t		0.090	0.098	1.264	0.290	3.157	24.948
P		0.929	0.922	0.210	0.772	0.002	<0.001

组别	Sn-St			St-Gn
组别	修复前	修复后	差值	修复前	修复后	差值
观察组	22.76±2.16	23.04±2.32	0.28±0.09	22.81±2.35	23.17±2.40	0.36±0.09
常规组	23.01±2.30	23.27±2.29	0.26±0.08	23.01±2.29	23.34±2.36	0.33±0.08
t	0.501	0.446	1.050	0.385	0.319	1.576
P	0.618	0.657	0.297	0.701	0.750	0.119

组别	G-Sn/Sn-Gn/%			Cm-Sn-Ls/(°)
组别	修复前	修复后	差值	修复前	修复后	差值
观察组	112.07±12.65	99.32±10.05	-12.75±1.52	120.31±13.05	106.37±10.85	-13.94±1.46
常规组	111.98±11.86	105.01±11.27	-6.97±0.82	119.65±12.89	112.07±12.01	-7.58±0.82
t	0.033	2.383	21.166	0.228	2.227	24.021
P	0.974	0.020	<0.001	0.821	0.029	<0.001