普通话腭裂声门塞音声学与音位特征的量化研究

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索普通话腭裂声门塞音的声学与音位特征。方法从腭裂语音数据库中提取将目标音节中声母为/g/、/j/或/s/替代为声门塞音的音节语料样本;从正常语音数据库中提取相匹配的正常语料样本作为对照。运用声学分析软件Praat^@6.1.09,提取音节发音时长、音节中元音共振峰、元音矩阵及辅音谱矩等参数,进行时域与频域相关性分析,同时探究被声门塞音替代的声母(/g/、/j/、/s/)的音位差异特征。结果在/g/、/j/、/s/上,腭裂患者音节发音时长、/a/F1值、/i/F2值,以及声母M1、M2、M3、M4值等,与对照组存在显著性差异(P<0.05);且音节发音时长与M1值呈显著负相关(r=-0.595,P<0.001)。此外,患者组M1值与F1值亦呈显著正相关(r=0.243,P<0.05)。被声门塞音替代的不同目标音比较发现,患者组的辅音发音时长和M3、M4值存在显著的音素间差异(时长:P<0.001;M3、M4:P<0.05)。结论本研究系统分析普通话腭裂声门塞音的声学特征,并对不同目标音替代模式进行音位差异量化分析,结果提示腭裂患者可能通过调整声门塞音时长特征与频谱特征等实现音位区分,这一结果为解析腭裂语音的音韵机制及声门塞音的发生机制提供参考。

关键词: 腭裂语音, 共振峰, 频谱矩分析, 声学分析, 音位特征

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the acoustic characteristics and phonological features of glottal stops in Mandarin-speaking individuals with cleft palate. Methods Consonant and vowel (CV) syllable speech samples with glottal stops replacing the initial consonants /g/, /j/, and /s/ were extracted from the cleft palate speech database as the patient group, while two CV syllable speech samples from healthy volunteers served as the control group. Using the Praat^@6.1.09, parameters including syllable duration, the first two formants(F1, F2), the vowel space, and spectral moments(M1-M4) of the consonant were extracted. Time-domain and frequency-domain correlation analyses were conducted, and phonological differences among the target consonants(/g/, /j/, /s/)were examined. Results Statistically significant differences(P<0.05)were ide.PNGied between the cleft group and the control group in terms of syllable duration, the F1 value of the vowel /a/, the F2 value of the vowel /i/, and the spectral moments(M1-M4) of the initial consonants. Within the cleft group, a negative correlation was observed between syllable duration and M1(r=-0.595, P<0.001). Furthermore, in the cleft group, M1 and F1 demonstrated a significant positive correlation(r=0.243, P<0.05). When comparing glottal stops across different target consonants, significant inter-phonemic differences were found in consonant duration and the values of M3/M4(duration: P<0.001; M3/M4: P<0.05). Conclusion This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the acoustic features associated with glottal stop substitution in Mandarin-speaking adults with cleft palate. The study introduces an innovative approach to qua.PNGying phonological distinctions in substitution patterns across different target consonants. It suggests that patients may be able to achieve phonemic differentiation by adjusting the duration and spectral characteristics of glottal stops. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the phonological mechanisms underlying cleft palate speech and the production of glottal stops.

Key words: cleft palate speech, formant, spectral moment analysis, acoustic analysis, phonological features

中图分类号:

R782.22

曹旻玥, 白云, 朱孟贤, 汪彬昺, 李盛, 陈霏, 姜成惠, 江宏兵. 普通话腭裂声门塞音声学与音位特征的量化研究[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(2): 89-96.

CAO Minyue, BAI Yun, ZHU Mengxian, WANG Binbing, LI Sheng, CHEN Fei, JIANG Chenghui, JIANG Hongbing. Acoustic and phonemic features of glottal stops in Mandarin cleft palate speech: A quantitative study[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(2): 89-96.

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辅音	音节
/g/ga	ge gu gai gao gei guo gou gan gang gen geng guan guang gong
/j/ji	jia jie jiu jin jun jian jiang
/s/sa	si se su sai suo sao sou san sang seng song suan sun

辅音	男性患者	男性对照	女性患者	女性对照	组别		性别		组别×性别
辅音	男性患者	男性对照	女性患者	女性对照	F	P	F	P	F	P
/g/	0.72±0.07	0.42±0.04	0.38±0.02	0.39±0.03	474.94	0.001	736.55	<0.001	507.96	0.001
/j/	0.61±0.04	0.42±0.03	0.39±0.02	0.49±0.05	41.56	0.001	98.46	0.001	369.58	0.001
/s/	0.89±0.06	0.54±0.05	0.40±0.03	0.51±0.09	170.61	0.001	784.93	0.001	589.73	0.001

元音	共振峰	男性患者	男性对照	女性患者	女性对照	组别		性别		组别×性别
元音	共振峰	男性患者	男性对照	女性患者	女性对照	F	P	F	P	F	P
/a/	F1	401.98±105.01	543.56±43.10	647.88±163.98	689.56±64.32	22.95	<0.001	104.93	<0.001	6.82	0.01
/a/	F2	1 428.41±219.50	1 439.00±175.62	1 761.59±377.11	1 833.32±222.43	0.75	0.39	58.65	<0.001	0.41	0.52
/i/	F1	293.70±37.33	349.76±71.46	375.71±108.32	337.43±19.53	0.41	0.53	6.26	0.01	11.48	<0.001
/i/	F2	1 713.35±381.55	2 130.14±355.23	1 354.48±505.00	2 560.15±335.61	98.80	<0.001	0.19	0.66	23.36	<0.001
/u/	F1	369.56±81.60	355.49±107.57	423.59±131.77	437.34±86.18	0.00	0.99	11.59	<0.001	0.49	0.49
/u/	F2	1 079.73±322.35	1 160.30±459.29	1 307.43±489.13	1 285.69±476.33	0.12	0.73	4.31	0.04	0.36	0.55

音位特征		/g/	/j/	/s/	F	P
发音时长/s	患者	21.30±13.32	20.81±10.75	144.21±125.17	21.77	<0.001
发音时长/s	对照	37.50±15.85	83.25±17.78	164.50±34.15	193.09	<0.001
M1/Hz	患者	550.33±297.34	417.19±131.18	403.29±236.40	2.96	0.06
M1/Hz	对照	1 811.40±979.29	5 131.31±1 018.25	7 156.93±2 376.02	76.28	<0.001
M2/Hz	患者	1 048.43±551.55	833.19±320.55	786.71±567.24	2.03	0.14
M2/Hz	对照	2 352.77±858.29	3 299.56±1 446.45	3 357.96±854.01	8 481.00	<0.001
M3	患者	11.13±5.61	12.82±6.65	17.16±9.70	4.71	0.01
M3	对照	3.79±2.62	0.27±0.31	-0.86±1.43	46.43	<0.001
M4	患者	217.81±241.42	286.15±306.11	518.76±479.88	5.28	0.01
M4	对照	23.17±30.60	0.63±2.86	2.56±5.56	10.28	<0.001