Abstract: Objective To investigate the in vitro culture of osteoblasts of human healthy and periodontitis alveolar bones.Methods Human healthy and inflammatory osteoblasts of alveolar bones were selected,cultured and subcultured by explant culture.Cells at passage 56 were used in experiment.Results The results of in vitro culure showed that cells in both groups grew well.The cells in periodontitis group grew more rapidly than those in healthy group.Histochemical staining and ELISA showed that the cells were positive in ALP staining and the calcium nodules stainning,and that the cultured cells were osteoblasts of alveolar bones.Conclusions Traditional explant culture can be used in isolation and culture of human healthy and periodontitis osteoblasts of alveolar bones.It may be one of identification indexes of periodontitis osteoblasts of alveolar bones.