Abstract: Objective　 Deciduous root canal morphology was complex and difficult to acquire complete samples. This study made preliminary research on the root canal morphology of deciduous molars by CBCT. Method　The images were from radiology department. CBCT imaging system was used to examine for root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular first and second deciduous molars. Result　207 children were examined by CBCT. All maxillary first deciduous molars had three root canals. 80.31% of the maxillary second deciduous molars had three canals, while 19.18% had four canals and 0.51% had five canals. Of mandibular first deciduous molars, 7.03% had two canals, 46.62% had three canals, and 46.35% had four canals. Of mandibular second deciduous molars, 3.95% had three canals and 96.05% had four canals. Conclusion　 Root canal morphology of deciduous molars is complex, and serious examination is needed in clinical diagnosis and treatment.