Abstract: Abstract Objective：To observe the clinical effects of percutaneous puncturing of foramen rotundum(FR) and foramen oval(FO) for radiofrequency thermocoagulation to treat primary maxillary nerve neuralgia under X-ray. Methods：69 cases of simple maxillary neuralgia patients were divided into two groups, which were hospitalized in our hospital from 2008 to 2015. Group A: 33 cases were punctured into FO by Hartel, measure the cranial - the vertical distance line between the needlepoint and ear-clinoidal line, then radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Group B: 36 cases were punctured into FR , at first puncture into pterygopalatine fossa (PPF)with curved needle, inject 2% lidocaine 1ml, under X-ray locate the direction, then piercing into FR, under X-ray into the FR was determined before radiofrequency thermocoagulation.Results：All patients were successfully completed surgery, the needles are accurate in the FR and FO, pain was relief after treatment immediatly, and no serious complications were occurred, infraorbital region and palate are insensitive. All patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years, Two groups of 3 days of efficiency, postoperative recurrence rate difference is not significant (P > 0.05).Two groups in the risk of a significant difference was found in the incidence of no trouble nerve injury (P < 0.05). Group A:Operation average time are 48.79 minutes; group B: Operation average time are 50.32 minutes.Intraoperative pain score: group A: the average are 7.48 points;Group B: the average are 2.92 points.Conclusion：It is worth promoting for the treatment of maxillary nerve neuralgia with piercing FR pass by PPF because of certain advantages.

Key words: Key words: Maxillary nerve neuralgia, Foramen rotundum, Foramen oval, Radiofrequency thermocoagulation