Abstract:

Bite plates are essential auxiliary devices in orthodontic treatment, comprising various types such as fixed bite turbos, removable bite plates, and bite ramps used in clear aligner therapy. By modulating occlusal force distribution and mandibular position, these devices play a critical role in treating diverse malocclusions, including deep bite, crossbite, canted occlusal plane, and scissors bite. This review systematically elucidates the biomechanical foundations of bite plate therapy, covering bite opening, mandibular guidance, vertical control, and the regulation of tooth movement. Furthermore, combined with clinical research data, this article analyzes the specific applications and efficacy of bite plates in both fixed appliance therapy and clear aligner therapy. The findings indicate that fixed bite turbos demonstrate significantly higher efficiency in bite opening compared to removable bite plates, while bite ramps in clear aligner therapy offer more comfortable and precise occlusal guidance. However, strict adherence to indications is required when applying bite plates, with particular caution necessary for high-angle cases. With advancements in digital design and material technology, the application of bite plates in orthodontics is evolving toward greater personalization and precision.

Key words: bite plate, deep overbite, vertical control, biomechanics