Abstract: Objective To study the feasibility of bone defect repair with in vitro induced BMSCs combined with NCSCS material. Methods Isolate and purify wistar rat BMSCs, and induce BMSCs to osteoblasts, which were identified by alkaline phosphataseand and alizarin red histochemical staining. BMSCs on the NCSCS were observed by scanning electron microscope. Wistar rat tibia bone defect model was built. Implant NCSCS-BMSCs complex material to bone defects, and observe the bone formation. Results Large scale of BMSCs proliferated on the NCSCS material under scanning electron microscope. Two weeks after the NCSCS-BMSCs were implantated, a great amount of fiber tissues with osteoblasts and some osteoid matrix were found around the material. There were statistical difference in the percentage of newbone between the experimental and the control groups（P<0.01）. 6 weeks after NCSCS-BMSCs were implantated, newbone infiltrated into NCSCS, with fiber between them, and the original bone interface was still clear and could still be identified. Part of the NCSCS were degradated, and there were statistical difference in the percentage of newbone between the experimental and the control groups（P<0.05）. 12 weeks after the NCSCS-BMSCs were implantated, NCSCS were almost entirely degradated, and newbone were found on the original bone interface. There was no difference in new bone formation between these two groups（P>0.05）. The degradation of the NCSCS showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups at different time points. Conclusion NCSCS-BMSCs are better than NCSCS alone in repair of bone defects, especially in the early-term effect.