Objective To analyze features of presurgical and postsurgical orthodontic treatment of patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion in orthodontic- orthognathic surgical treatment. Methods The study included 25 skeletal class Ⅲ patients treated with orthodontic- orthognathic surgical treatment. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T0), after presurgical orthodontic treatment (T1) and after correction (T2) for each patient. Analyze changes in hard tissue at different stages and summarize features of orthodontic treatment before and after surgery. Results Improvement of profile and functional occlusion of patients was obtained. The facial angle,and angle of convexity had an obvious change after treatment, however, dental decompensation of orthodontic treatment before surgery was not complete. Compensation of maxillary teeth still existed. Orthodontic treatment after surgery was mainly for fixation of jaw relationship after surgery and for delicately adjustment of occlusion, which was similar to comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Conclusions Orthodontic-orthognathic surgerical treatment is effective in treating skeletal class Ⅲ patients. Close cordination between orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery is required to improve the treatment effects.

Objective To study the effects of EMPs on expression of bone formation-related gene of rat bone marrow stromal cells culutured in vitvo by RT-PCR. Methods Enamel matrix proteins extracted from porcine permanent tooth buds by acidic extraction. Marrow of tibiae and femurs from 3-week-old male SD rats were obtained and cultured in vitro. Well-grown cells at passage 3 were cultured with different concentrations of EMPs(0, 25,50,100,200 mg/L). MTT assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of BMSCs. The expression of bone formation-related genes BSP, OPN and COL-Ⅰwere detected by RT-PCR. Results Cell proliferation in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the proliferation was highest when concentration of EMPs was 100 mg/L. The mRNA expression of bone-related genes （BSP、COL-Ⅰ）in experimental group was higher than that in control group, and was in a concentration dependent manner. But, there was no difference between the control group and the experimental group in mRNA expression of OPN gene. Conclusion EMPs enhance osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs by regulation of bone formation-related gene expression.

Objective To study the feasibility of bone defect repair with in vitro induced BMSCs combined with NCSCS material. Methods Isolate and purify wistar rat BMSCs, and induce BMSCs to osteoblasts, which were identified by alkaline phosphataseand and alizarin red histochemical staining. BMSCs on the NCSCS were observed by scanning electron microscope. Wistar rat tibia bone defect model was built. Implant NCSCS-BMSCs complex material to bone defects, and observe the bone formation. Results Large scale of BMSCs proliferated on the NCSCS material under scanning electron microscope. Two weeks after the NCSCS-BMSCs were implantated, a great amount of fiber tissues with osteoblasts and some osteoid matrix were found around the material. There were statistical difference in the percentage of newbone between the experimental and the control groups（P<0.01）. 6 weeks after NCSCS-BMSCs were implantated, newbone infiltrated into NCSCS, with fiber between them, and the original bone interface was still clear and could still be identified. Part of the NCSCS were degradated, and there were statistical difference in the percentage of newbone between the experimental and the control groups（P<0.05）. 12 weeks after the NCSCS-BMSCs were implantated, NCSCS were almost entirely degradated, and newbone were found on the original bone interface. There was no difference in new bone formation between these two groups（P>0.05）. The degradation of the NCSCS showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups at different time points. Conclusion NCSCS-BMSCs are better than NCSCS alone in repair of bone defects, especially in the early-term effect.

Objectvies To investigate the feasibility of using small intestinal sub mucosa(SIS) as pulp capping agent. Methods SIS and medical films of PLA were used as cytoskeletons and compositely cultured with human dental pulp cells(HDPCs). The rate of cells adhesion and proliferation index were measured. Compare the levels of ALP activity and the sizes of calcium noduls in the two groups to evaluate the mineralization capacity of HDPCs. Results The rate of cell adhesion in SIS group at 24h was 64.36%, which was significantly higher than that of PLA group (P <0.05). The cell proliferation index in SIS group after 3,5,7 d was 23,18.9,17.9 separately, which was significantly higher than that in PLA group(P<0.05). The levels of ALP activity in SIS group were higher than those in PLA group on 7,14,21 d (P<0.05).The calcium nodules appeared in SIS group on 28d，which did not appear in PLA group. Conclusions SIS is of good biocompatibility and can promote proliferation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells in vitro. Therefore, SIS is a new feasible pulp capping material.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prevention methods of mango cheilitis. Methods The clinical information of 16 cases of mango cheilitis was analyzed. Results Out of the 16 mango cheilitis patients, 11 were female and 5 were male. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 71 years old, and the median age was 21 years old. All of the patients had a history of eating mango or sweetmeats which contains mango component. Mango cheilitis lasted for15min to 4d, and the duration differed from person to person. They had the feeling of numbness, swelling, itching and burning pain on lips. The eruption usually occurred on lips and appeared as erythema, papule and blister. Some of them had lesions around mouth, on the face and neck, and on the back of the hand. All patients were cured with anti-allergic and symptomatic treatment. Conclusions Mango cheilitis is the term given to allergic contact dermatitis to mango on lips and peristomatous skin, which usually occurs to young female with different time of onset, from 15min to 4d.

Objective　To establish experimental periodontitis models in mandibular anterior teeth of beagle dogs, and to explore the influence of on immediately implants. Methods 　Six healthy adult beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups：group A and group B. As a control group, dental plaque of group A was controled. Group B was experimental group. The silk ligatures would be forced into mandibular anterior teeth in order to establish periodontitis model. 4 weeks later, extract bilateral mandibular second premolar of all dogs at the same time, place implants immediately. Second surgery was performed 4 weeks after implants healing. Clinical and radiographic recording were repeated at 1,2,3,4,5,6,7and 8 weeks respectively after the abutments had been connected. Results　As time passed, observation results of implants 8 weeks later was: PPD（peri-implant probing pocket depth）in Group A(1.700±0.200)mm, Group B（5.083±0.133）mm; mSBI（modified sulcus bleeding index）in Group A（0.000±0.000）, Group B（2.830±0.408）; mPLI(modified plaque index) in Group A (0.170±0.408), Group B（2.830±0.408）, and PISF (peri-implant sulcular fluid) in Group A (0.752±0.043)mg, Group B（1.640±0.164）mg. Use independent sample t tests to compare the difference of the data, P<0.01, there was significant difference between two groups. The radiographc examination showed bone resorption to different degrees in Group B, and all the experimental implants in group B demonstrated significantly symptoms similar to human peri-implantitis. Conclusions　Experimental periodontitis modesl can be successfully established in beagle dogs. Periodontitis in mandibular anterior teeth of beagle dogs is similar to human periodontitis in mandibular anterior teeth. It can induce peri-implantitis of the distal implants naturally, and influence the incipient stability of early loading of immediate implants. The result of this experiment can provide some help for clinical research on immediate implants for periodontitis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of crown lengthening in maxillary anterior teeth whose crowns were too short clinically with waterlase Methods: We overviewed 120 teeth from 20 patients who underwent crown lengthening surgery in aesthetic areas of anterior teeth. Sixty teeth from 10 patients were done with waterlase-assisted gingivectomy and instant flapless bone trimming. Sixty teeth from the other 10 patients were done with gingivectomy with blade and instant flap surgery with bone trimming. The position of gingival margin，sulcus bleeding index(SBI)and probing depth(PD) were measured before the surgery as well as 2 weeks,4 weeks,2 months and 6 months after surgery. Results The stability of gingival margin and PD had significant difference between 2 groups within four weeks(p<0.05), but 4 weeks later, there was no significant difference. There was no significant difference in SBI between 2 groups. Conclusions Waterlase can achieve stability of gingival margin and gain normal periodontal attachment faster in crown lengthening surgery in aesthetic area.

Objective To detect saliva mutans streotococci and plaque indexes between caries-active and caries-free undergraduate students by Dentocult SM,and to assess whether they can serve as indicators of risk factors for caries high risk persons. Methods Plaque index was detected among 48 18~25 years old undergraduate students, which were divided into caries-active group and caries-free group, with 24 students in each group. Dentocult SM was adopted to detect the saliva streptococcus mutans among randomly selected 23 subjects from caries-active group and 16 subjects from caries-free group. Results The plaque index of caries-active group and caries-free group was separately 3.65 ± 0.64 and 3.42 ± 0.65, with no statistical significance in the difference between the two groups(p=0.239),while there was statistically significant difference in saliva mutans streptococci between two groups (p=0.003).Conclusion Saliva mutans streptococci can be considered as an indicator to assess caries high risk persons by Dentocult SM.

Objective To analyze fracture of Protaper nickel-titanium rotary instrument in root canal preparation and influencial factors. Methods 102 Protaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments were collected which fractured in clinical root canal preparation. Record the sizes of files, and observe the types of fracture with scanning electron microscope. The analysis was carried out in their distribution in teeth and canals, their relationship with degrees of curvature of canals, and their relationship with time. Results Most of the clinical fracture of nickel-titanium instruments was flexural fatigue which frequently occurred in molars, the apical 1/3 of roots , and canals with curvature more than 30°. Number of the broken nickel-titanium instruments in the previous two years（March 2008-Februray 2010） was 74(72.5%) while that in the later two years (March 2010-February 2012) was 28 (27.5%). Conclusion The fracture of Protaper nickel-titanium instruments is closely related to the feature of instruments themselves, the anatomy of the root canals of involved teeth, the operator′s experience, the usage of instruments and so on.

Objective To combine Twisted file and Guttaflow gutta-percha in root canal therapy, compare it with the traditional root canal treatment of K file + gutta-percha lateral compaction in vivo and in vitro. Methods The clinical experiment included 120 cases of mandibular premolars treated with root canal therapy, with 60 patients separately in control ( K file ) group and experimental ( TF ) group. Root canals in the control group were filled with paste Cortisomol +0.02 tapered gutta-percha by lateral condensation after root canal preparation with K file in 0.02　taper. Root canals in the experimental group were filled with Guttaflow+ large tapered gutta-percha after root canal preparation with TF. Record postoperative pain conditions in two groups of patients, and review tooth condition 3, 6, 12 months after operation. The vitro experiment included 52 isolated mandibular premolars, with 26 teeth separately in control ( K file ) group and experimental ( TF ) group. The root canal treatment steps were the same with the clinical experiment. Dye penetration method was used to compare the micro leakage of root apices. Results One day after operation,the pain condition of experimental group was better than that of control group; there was no significant difference between the two groups in long term treatment effects 3 months after operation,but 6, 12 months later, the treatment effect in experimental group was better than that of control group. Dye penetration method used in in vitro experiment revealed that apical sealing of the experimental group was better than that of the control group.Conclusion The root canal therapy method of Twisted file + Guttaflow is better than K file + gutta-percha by lateral condensation. It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the changes of the levels of endotoxin in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) before and after restoration with two kinds of all-ceramic crown shoulder designs. Methods Patients whose maxillary central incisor needed all ceramic crowns were divided randomly into 90° shoulder margin group and chamfer margin group, with 20 teeth in each group. Kinetic turbidimetric assay was used to analyze the content of endotoxin in GCF before tooth reparation and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after cementation. Then statistics analysis was preformed. Results 1, and 3 months after the crown restoration, the content of endotoxin in GCF in 90° shoulder margin group was obviously higher than that of chamfer margin group, showing statistically significant difference by T test (P<0.05). 6, and 12 months after the crown restoration in two groups, the content was different with that of two groups either before tooth reparation or 1, 3 months after all ceramic crown cementation, showing statistical significance by the F test (P<0.01). Two groups had no significant difference in the content of endotoxin between 6,12 months after restoration and before tooth reparation. No statistical significance was found after the F test (P>0.05) .Conclusions The chamfer margin of all ceramic crown is suggested to be used in preparation of all ceremic crowns. The periodontal tissue can recover six months after restoration..

Abstract： Objective To investigate the relationship between the chronic periodontitis and the psychosocial factors. Methods A tota1 of 35 patients with chronic periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were tested and evaluated by SCL-90, SAS,SDS and LES. Clinical attachment loss(CAL), probing depth(PD), calculus index(CI) were measured in two groups. Results ①SCL-90 results: average scores of interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety and paranoia in periodontitis group were significantly higher than those of periodontally healthy group (P﹤0.05). ②The self-assessment scores of SDS and SAS in periodontitis group were significantly higher than those in periodontally healthy group(P﹤0.05). ③LES results: the total amount of stimulation from life events and the amount of stimulation from negative events in periodontitis group were higher than those in periodontally healthy group(P﹤0.05). ④In partial correlation analysis, CAL was positively correlated with SDS, SAS and LES in periodontitis group after controlling other variables, while SDS was positively correlated with CI (P﹤0.05). Conclusion The chronic periodontitis patients have more mental health problems, and the psychosocial factors are closely related to the development and progression of the chronic periodontitis.

Abstract： Objective The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of glass-fiber posts in combination with either self-adhesive resin cements or self-etch adhesives over up to 3 years in restoration of teeth. Methods 220 premolar teeth and anterior teeth (from 100 cases) that needed post-core crown restoration were allocated into 2 groups randomly. Group A were restored with glass fiber posts in combination with self-adhesive resin cements. Group B were restored with glass fiber posts in combination with self-etch adhesives. Two groups were restored with porcelain fused metal crowns or full-ceramic crowns. The success rates of two groups were observed 36 months later. The data was statistically analyzed by χ2 test. Results 103 teeth (from 46 cases) in group A and 98 teeth (from 48 cases) in group B were evaluated after 36 months. There was no fiber post fracture, root fracture, and post debonding in group A. Its success rate was 100%. There was one post debonding and no root fracture or fiber post fracture In group B. Its success rate was 98.99%. The difference in the success rates between two groups was no statistically significant. Conclusion In fiber post-core restoration, clinical performance of glass-fiber posts in combination with either self-adhesive resin cements or self-etch adhesives was favorable.

[Abstract] Objective The objective of our study was to explore the impact of selenium on immune statuses of patients with oral lichen planus. Methods The method was to treat the 30 patients with oral lichen planus using selenium, and to observe the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and clinical symptoms of OLP before and after the treatment. Results We found that before the treatment, the ratios of CD3+，CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of patients (p 0.05) were obviously lower than those of healthy people(P<0.05). After the treatment with selenium, the ratios of CD3+、CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of patients significantly increased(P>0.05), and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ got back to normal. The clinical symptom ceased and local lesion almost healed. Conclusion We conclude that selenium is effective in the treatment of patients with oral lichen planus, through regulating the ratios of CD3+、CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with burning mouth syndrome and to preliminarily analyze factors impacting the QOL of burning mouth syndrome patients. Methods The QOL of burning mouth syndrome patients (n = 45) and a control group (n = 43) was assessed by two questionnaires: WHOQOL-BREF and OHIP-14. All data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software package. Results WHOQOL - BREF questionnaire showed that in the psychological field, scores of patients with burning mouth syndrome were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group, and there were statistically significant differences (10.62±1.88 vs 12.12±1.79，p<0.05); OHIP - 14 questionnaire showed that scores of patients with burning mouth syndrome were higher than those of the healthy control group in psychological discomfort (56.65±8.14 vs 31.55±13.87) and physical pain (59.26±9.58 vs 30.85±14.62), and there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Burning mouth syndrome has significant influence on the quality of life of patients. We must pay attention to the psychological factors clinically, and carry out appropriate psychological counseling, even necessary psychological treatment.

Abstract：Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of hydrochloride minocycline ointment in the treatment of pericoronitis. Methods 200 cases of mandibular pericoronitis patients were randomly divided into test group (A), and the control group (B). Two groups of conventional were rinsed by saline plus hydrogen peroxide, A group were coated hydrochloride minocycline ointment; iodine glycerin coated to B group. Results A group have a better effect than B group. Conclusion Minocycline hydrochloride ointment was used in the treatment of pericoronitis which effectively improve the clinical symptoms and get a better clinical outcome.