Objective To investigate the effect of surface graft polymerization to quartz fibers on mechanical properties of quartz fiber reinforced resin composite posts. Methods Quartz fibers were manufactured and randomly divided into 5 groups for different surface treatments. Group A: 10% H2O2 immersion for 20 min; Group B: 10% H2O2 immersion for 20 min＋silanization of quartz fibers (γ-MPS); GroupC: 10% H2O2 immersion for 20 min＋γ-MPS＋grafting 1 h (Bis-GMA); Group D:10% H2O2 immersion for 20 min＋γ-MPS＋grafting 3 h(Bis-GMA); Group E: 10% H2O2 immersion for 20 min＋γ-MPS＋grafting 7 h (Bis-GMA). All groups of quartz fibers were filled into a resin matrix respectively, and they were light-cured in a special mold to prepare the FRC posts. The flexure modulus, flexure strength and fracture load of FRC specimens were measured by universal mechanical testing machine, and the fracture surface of FRC was observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The mechanical properties of FPC posts were affected by graft polymerization on surface of the fibers. Group E showed the best mechanical properties, with flexure modulus (24.65±2.20) GPa, flexure strength (696.24±12.85) MPa, and flexure load (185.67±3.43) N, which showed significant differences compared with other groups (P< 0.05). Conclusion The graft polymerization of Bis-GMA on the surface of filler can improve the properties of FRC specimens.

Objective To investigate the surface roughness and surface morphology of Y-TZP etched by HF acid at room temperature. Methods Y-TZP plates were prepared and subjected to different treatments, including no treatment as control, alumina sandblasting, 40% HF acid etching for 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 min, and 24 hours. The surface roughness and microcosmic morphology were evaluated by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. Results HF acid etching for 5 and 10 min created similar surface roughness as alumina sandblasting did, all higher than the control. HF acid etching for 30, 60, 90 min, and 24 hours created much higher surface roughness, and presented sponge-like roughened texture. Conclusion 40% HF can etch Y-TZP and create a roughened texture at room temperature.

Objective To evaluate the effects of baicalein extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on the proliferation and expression of RUNX2 and BMP2 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Methods Baicalein at a concentration of 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 μmol/L was separately added into hPDLCs primary cultured in vitro accordingly as experimental groups. The effect of the proliferation of hPDLCs was assessed through MTT assay, while the activity and expression of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed by kit. qRT-PCR was used to observe the mRNA expression of RUNX2 and BMP2 in hPDLCs respectively. Results Compared to control group, baicalein at different concentrations have no significant influence on the proliferation of hPDLCs. Baicalein was shown to enhance the ALP expression of hPDLCs. The mRNA level of RUNX2、BMP2 increased by baicalein in different concentrations, which reached maximum at 11 days, appear in a dose-dependent manner from 1.25 to 10 μmol/L using real-time PCR analysis. Conclusion Baicalein could promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, which may be used as one of the choices of periodontal regeneration in the future.

Objective To observe the changes of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) concentrations in various abnormal humour (Hilit) syndrome patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), and to explore the clinical significance in the classification of OLP by the humour theory of traditional Uighur medicine (TUM). Methods 76 cases of OLP patients were classified according to the classification of abnormal humour. Biopsies were collected from 76 patients with OLP lesions. Expressions of RANTES were determined by the streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) technique. Results There were 51 (67.11%) cases of abnormal Khan syndrome, 6 (7.89%) cases of abnormal Sapra syndrome, 15 (19.74%) cases of abnormal Balgham syndrome, and 4 (5.26%) cases of abnormal Sawda syndrome among the 76 cases of OLP patients. Expressions of RANTES in different abnormal humour syndrome patients with OLP were 52.63% in abnormal Khan syndrome, 7.89% in abnormal Sapra syndrome, and 14.47% in abnormal Balgham syndrome groups. Conclusion There might be possible correlation between abnormal Khan syndrom and OLP. RANTES may play a role in OLP process.

Objective To investigate the effects of micro arc oxidation, Nd:YAG laser-treatment and sandblasted on titanium-ceramic bonding. The surface morphology, physical properties and bonding strength were compared. Methods 60 pieces of titanium sheet of 25.0 mm ×5.0 mm ×0.5 mm were randomly divided into 3 groups, each group of 20 pieces. The A group was treated by micro arc oxidation, the B group was treated with laser, and the C group was treated by sandblasted. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and other instruments were used to analyze the chemical composition and the surface topography. Three point bending test was conducted to measure the bonding strength, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results Bonding strength of group A, B and C were all higher than the minimum requirement (25 MPa) of ISO 9693. The bond strength of group B was higher than of group A, both of which were higher than group C. Conclusion All treatment methods can improve the titanium-porcelain bonding strength, and the effect of Nd:YAG laser treatment is the best.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of salidroside (SAL) on the proliferation and secretion of Toll-like receptor 4 (TRL4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to provide preliminary experimental basis for treatment of periodontitis by salidroside. Methods hPDLCs were cultured by tissue cultivation in vitro and treated with 20 μg/mL LPS and various concentrations of salidroside for 12, 24 and 48 h. Cell proliferation of hPDLCs was detected by MTT assay. The expression levels of TRL4 TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, RANKL and OPG in hPDLCs were examined by Western blot, ELISA or qRT-PCR analysis. The data were processed by statistical analysis. Results Salidroside at low concentrations (≤10 μmol/L) significantly promoted hPDLCs proliferation in dose-dependent manner; 0.5 μmol/L of salidroside had the greatest effect whereas high concentrations of salidroside (>10 μmol/L) had no obvious effect on cell proliferation of hPDLCs; The expression of TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and RANKL was significantly increased by LPS stimulation. After treatment with 0.5 μmol/L of salidroside, the expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and RANKL were significantly inhibited and the obvious effect occurred at 48 h (P＜0.05); In addition, the expression of OPG was nearly unchanged by LPS, but significantly upregulated by 0.5 μmol/L of salidroside. Conclusion Salidroside could attenuate LPS-induced cell injury in hPDLCs through inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathways and the production of inflammation factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and RANKL and promoting OPG expression which thereby inhibited inflammatory reaction and bone resorption.

Abstract: Objectives To analyze the influence of different dental implant systems utilized for immediate implant in maxillary esthetic zone on peri-implant bone resorption, and to investigate the techniques and esthetic factors of applying the improved minimally invasive H-shaped notch to the immediate implant of multiple adjacent teeth in maxillary anterior esthetic zone. Methods 58 patients who were subjected to dental implantation and restoration from January 2011 to January 2015 were included in the study. The improved minimally invasive H-shaped notch was used in all the patients. Based on the implanted dental systems, they were divided into three groups: group 3I, group DIO, and group Replace. The follow-up time was 12 months, during which their peri-implant bone resorption, probing depth, and sulcus bleeding index after surgery were observed. The gingival marginal tissue recessions were analyzed according to Miller’s classification and interproximal papillae was analyzed according to Jemt’s classification. The stability of the implants was analyzed according to Albrektsson’s criteria of success. Results Six months after surgery, the peri-implant bone resorption of patients in all groups was stable, showing no significant differences among different dental implant systems (P>0.05), but the peri-implant bone resorption of different dental implants increased differently that the bone resorption of group DIO in the 3rd month was evidently higher than that of group Replace and group 3I, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). During different postoperative periods, the sulcus bleeding index of the patients in all groups was compared with natural teeth. In the 6th month, though the sulcus bleeding index in group DIO was higher than natural teeth, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); in 9th and 12th months, compared with natural teeth, the differences of sulcus bleeding index were still not statistically significant (P>0.05). six months after surg-ery, the probing depth in all the groups was stable and was slightly higher than natural teeth at various periods, but the difference was not significantly significant (P>0.05). The success rate of 159 implants was 100%. No marginal tissue recessions were found in 136 implant sites. The marginal tissue recession index scores of Ⅰ were observed in 18 implant sites, the tissue recession index scores of Ⅱ in 5 implant sites. The mesial and distal papilla index scores of all implant sites were above Ⅱ. Conclusion In the immediate implant of multiple adjacent teeth in esthetic zone, different dental implant systems have both stable and aesthetic effects on the periimplant bone and soft tissues. The improved minimally invasive Hshaped notch can provide the clinical basis for implantation in maxillary esthetic zone.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of partial caries removal and complete caries removal for acute caries of primary teeth. Methods The Cochrane Library、PubMed, EMbase、WanFang Data, CBM、CNKI were searched for randomized controlled trials from 1978 to August 2015.Quality assessment, literature screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results 6 RCTs were included at last,including 562 patients and 758 teeth. Meta analysis indicated that partial caries removal could relieve the pulp exposure and was significant［RR=0.13，95%CI(0.05，0.37)］.There were no significant differences between partial and complete caries removal in postoperative pulpal disease ［RR=0.92, 95%CI (0.34, 2.50)］and failure of restorations ［RR=1.07, 95%CI (0.67, 1.70)］. Conclusion Partial caries removal is effective for acute caries of primary teeth and is worth of promotion in clinical work. Due to the limitations of the included RCTs，more large-sample and high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the reliability of this study.

Objective To investigate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on lipid levels and inflammatory factors in patients with periodontitis and coronary heart disease. Methods 83 cases of coronary heart disease patients with moderate and severe periodontitis (intervention group) and 50 cases of coronary heart disease patients without periodontitis (control group) were selected. Cases in intervention group received non-surgical periodontal treatment, which included oral hygiene instruction, ultrasound supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling and root planning, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The periodontal statuses of patients in intervention group and control group were assessed. The inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid and serum were all detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The AL, PD, PLI and BLI of patients in intervention group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in intervention group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in intervention group were lower after treatment, while the levels of HDL-C and adiponectin were higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Non-surgical periodontal treatment could effectively improve periodontal status of patients with coronary heart disease and periodontitis, reduce the body's inflammatory response, and improve lipid metabolism. Thus, it could produce positive effect on the progression of coronary heart disease.

Objective To study the application value of negative pressure drainage in combination with regional elastic compression dressing in parotid gland operation, and to explore the factors related to salivary fistula after parotidectomy. Method 200 cases of patients with benign parotid tumors who needed operation treatment were randomly divided into 2 groups: 100 cases were treated with negative pressure drainage combined with regional elastic compression dressing in the parotid gland area, and 100 cases were treated with traditional bandage. The incidence of postoperative salivary fistula, and the possible factors leading to salivary fistula during and after the operation were analyzed. Statistical analysis was made by SPSS16.0 software package. Results The incident of salivary fistula in the group using negative pressure drainage combined with regional elastic compression dressing (2%) was significantly lower than that in the group using traditional bandage (12%), and salivary fistula could even be prevented in the former group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The negative pressure drainage combined with regional elastic compression dressing is obviously better than the traditional bandage in preventing salivary fistula after parotidectomy. With less dressing time and a beautiful appearance, this method is also comfortable for the patients, which does not affect their eating, speaking and hearing, and makes no compression pain in the head and face. With good clinical application value, negative pressure drainage combined with regional elastic compression dressing is worthy of popularization.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of vascularized interpositional periosteal-connective tissue graft (VIP-CT graft) for soft tissue augmentation in the maxillary aesthetic region. Methods Clinical data of the 14 patients with soft tissue defect, who had received dental implants accompanied with VIP-CT graft, were studied retrospectively, through observing the soft tissue augmentations and the changes horizontally and vertically. Results 14 cases obtained good soft tissue augmentations and the changes in the horizontal and vertical directions were both ≤1 mm in the follow-up time. Conclusions VIP-CT graft technique is a reliable and stable method for soft tissue augmentation in the maxillary aesthetic region.

Objective To investigate the types of mesial middle root canals (MM) and correlate the clinical incidence of mesial middle root canals of mandibular first molars with variables of gender, age, tooth type. Methods 12 mature permanent mandibular first molars with mesial middle root canals from August 2014 to August 2015 were included in the analysis. Types of MM according to Vertucci or Pomeranz, tooth type, gender, and age were recorded. Results Of the 12 mandibular first molars with MM, most of them were confluent in patient >30 years old while independent in patient <30 years. There was no difference in gender. However, significant difference was observed in tooth type-occurrence on right side was more than that on the left side. Conclusion Gender and tooth type might be the key factors, which determine the existence of MM.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application effect of modified retaining appliance in the treatment of ectopic eruption of first permanent molar. Methods The subjects consisted of 25 children aged from 7 to 9 with ectopic eruption of the first maxillary permanent molar, 10 of which were bilateral and 15 of which are unilateral. By welding the distal extension hook via traditional Nance arch and bonding the lingual button on the first permanent molar, the first permanent molar was moved distally to the normal position using chain rubber band. Results All the children completed the treatment and acquired good curative effect that the first permanent molar with ectopic eruption was moved to the normal position. Conclusion The modified retaining appliance can be utilized as a simple and more effective way of correcting ectopic eruption of first permanent molar.

Objective To explore effective methods for zygomatic complex fracture as well as its complications. Methods Semi coronal incisions combined with vestibular groove incisions were applied in 46 patients to expose the infraorbital margin, suturae zygomaticofrontalis, suturae zygomaticotemporalis, zygomatic alveolar ridge. Strong internal fixation was applied in suturae zygomaticofrontalis, suturae zygomaticotemporalis, zygomatic alveolar ridge after resetting. The patients were followed up for 1~30 months and the effects and complications of the treatment were evaluated. Results All patients acquired satisfactory outcome with ideal facial figure and mouth opening, no serious complications occurred. Conclusions Semi coranal incisions combined with vestibular groove incisions can fully expose all fractured sites, and 3-site rigid fixation can effectively resume the 3-dimension structure of face, which can avoid the complications through inferior palpebral margin incision.

Objective To assess the clinical outcome of apexification treatment of open apices premolars with chronic apical periodontitis in adults. Methods 18 open apices premolar teeth with chronic apical periodontitis between 18 and 26 years old received apexification with Vitapex by the same operator. Patients were recalled 2 weeks,1 month,3 months after operation and every 3 months thereafter for clinical and radiographic examinations.The root canals were then filled with AH-Plus and gutta-percha when the apical barrier could be detected. Results 15 teeth formed type Ⅱ apical closure,while the other 3 teeth formed type Ⅲ. The effective rate was 100%.When observing the radiograph, we found that the healing of periapical tissue occurred in 14 teeth,while the other 4 teeth had the decrease in the size of the periapical lesions. From Vitapex sealing to permanent filling,the average time of treatment was 10.2 months. Conclusions Apexification is effective to the open apices premolars with chronic apical periodontitis in adults.

Objective To explore the effect of oral irrigator on the periodontal health of the crown bridge prosthesis. Methods Thirty volunteers with crown bridge prosthesis were randomly divided into two groups (n=15). The experimental group used both the oral irrigator and the toothbrush, while the control group used only the toothbrush. Clinical periodontal indices, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and periodontal pocket sulfide (PS) were examined at two different time points: before treatment and 3 months after treatment. The data of the two groups were statistically analyzed with the SPSS18.0 software package. Results Before treatment, the periodontal indices and PS had no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After 3 months, PLI, GI, SBI and PS in the experimental group were (1.78±0.50)，(2.25±0.52)，(1.40±0.52), (1.01±0.50) respectively, while PLI, GI, SBI and PS in control group were (2.13±0.70), (2.48±0.48), (1.74±0.64) and(1.58±0.70). All indices in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of oral irrigator can effectively improve the periodontal health of crown bridge prosthesis. Key words： PFM crown bridge; periodontal indices; periodontal pocket sulfide; oral irrigator

Objective To study the characteristics of traditional Chinese medical constitutions among early childhood caries. Methods According to the traditional Chinese medical constitutions of children, 232 cases with ECC were classified into 7 types. Results The number of decay missing filling surface in the children with a constitution of hyperactivity of heart-fire or a constitution of heat-stagnant, was much more than that of others constitutions. At the same time, children with a constitution of hyperactivity of heart-fire tended to suffer from high caries more and those with a constitution of heat-stagnant tended to suffer from middle and low caries more. Besides, caries in children with a constitution of hyperactivity of heart-fire were mainly generated in anterior segment of maxillary and posterior segment of mandible, while caries in other children appeared more in posterior segment of both maxillary and mandible. Conclusion The characteristics of traditional Chinese medical constitution among early childhood caries is worthy of attention, corresponding clinical prevention should be taken.

Objective To investigate the factors associated with halitosis in Shanghai white-collar employees. Methods Subjects in three randomly selected office buildings in Shanghai, China, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling. Oral malodor was assessed by measuring volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) with a portable sulfide monitor. Subjects oral health, including dental caries, periodontal status, and tongue coating, was evaluated clinically. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about participants demographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, and health behaviors. Results Of 805 subjects invited to participate in this study, 720 were enrolled (89.4% response rate) and data from these subjects were used for statistical analyses. The mean VSC was (117.47±102.56) mg/L, and the prevalence of halitosis was 33.2% (VSC ≥ 110 mg/L). In the final regression model, halitosis was significantly related to tongue coating thickness, periodontal pocket depth, food consumption within 2 h prior to oral examination, and intake frequency of sweet foods. Conclusion In this Shanghai white-collar population, tongue coating and periodontal disease were associated with halitosis. Oral hygiene education should be provided at the population level to encourage the maintenance of oral health and fresh breath. Sweet food may reduce VSC production, but this finding requires further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pit and fissure sealant on preventing caries of the first permanent molars in children aged at 8 years old. Methods 805 children were examined and 2 190 first permanent molars were treated with pit and fissure sealant (experimental group), while 245 children with 947 first permanent molars were served as control group. The retention status of pit and fissure sealant was observed in the experimental group with 3-year follow-up, and the caries rates of the first permanent molars were observed between the two groups. Results Pit and fissure sealant retention rates of experimental group during the 3-year follow-up were 78.35%, 69.56% and 69.31%, respectively. The caries rates of the first permanent molars in the experimental group were 9.45%, 9.91% and 10.87% with the mean DMFT of 0.10, 0.11 and 0.12 after 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively, when those in the control group were 14.29%, 17.26%, 18.95% with the mean DMFT of 0.15, 0.20 and 0.21, respectively. There were significant differences in the caries rates in all three years and in the mean DMFT in the 2nd and 3rd years between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion Pit and fissure sealant can play an effective role in the prevention of dental caries of first permanent molars.

The supernumerary teeth is a kind of teeth dysplasia that the number of teeth is beyond normal. It occurs mostly in anterior teeth region and rarely in molar region. This article reported four cases that were located in the molar region.

Sella turcica is located in the middle cranial fossa, on the surface of sphenoid body, and its center is the pituitary fossa. Sella turcica is an important structure in the neurocranial and craniofacial complex, which is often used in radiographic analysis. In orthodontics, sella point which is located at the center of sella turcica, is regarded as one of the most commonly used landmarks in cephalometrics. These landmarks, located within the craniofacial region, are used to measure the positions of maxilla and mandible in relation to the cranium. Orthodontists can benefit from studying these structures in diagnosis, studying growth in individuals through superimposition of structures on a longitudinal basis, and evaluating orthodontic treatment results. Sella area is an important region, and may have variation between individuals. Therefore, understanding normal iconography and morphology of sella turcica will help orthodontists recognize the pathological problems in sella turcica. This article reviewed the types of sella turcica and incidence rate of sella turcica bridge.

The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a new type of material used in the diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp periapical disease. Its excellent biological properties and material performance have been highly rewarded since its discovery, and has gradually been indispensable in the treatment of common oral diseases. This article comprehensively reviewed the performance and related research of MTA.

The combined periodontal-endodontic lesions is one of the diseases associated with periodontitis. Since its treatment is complex, treatment course is relatively long and the prognosis is difficult to determine, it brings about huge challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment by the dentists. This article reviewed the research progress of related factors affecting the prognosis with combined periodontal- endodontic lesions.