Abstract: Objective To explore the change regulation of hard and soft tissue and to assess the effect of miniscrew implant anchorage (MIA) on patients with bimaxillary protrusion by digital cephalometric analysis and survey before and after treatment.〖WTHZ〗Methods Soft and hard tissue changes were measured on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of 15 cases with bimaxillary protrusion who were treated with MIA before and after treatment in order to analyze the relevance of hard and soft tissue changes and evaluate the effects of MIA.Patient satisfactory survey was also adopted. Results Patients′ appearances were all significantly improved after the treatment.Adduction of upper incisors was (3.12±0.90) mm,while adduction of lower incisors was (2.63±0.83) mm.The protrusion of upper /lower lip decreased by (3.45±1.19) mm /(2.18±0.38) mm respectively with the increase of nasolabial angle.There were relevant rules between hard and soft tissue change,in which upper and lower lip protrusion and nasolabial angle changes were highly correlated with the change of the anterior incisors protrusion.93.3% patients were satisfied with the treatment result. Conclusions MIA can adduct the upper and lower incisors effectively,as well as improve the face profile and achieve good clinical results.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the curative effects of diode laser on the treatment for moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.Methods This is a randomized,single blind clinical trial.Dentitions of 10 severe chronic periodontitis patients were randomly divided into experiment group and control group.There were two sites with probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm in each quadrant and 80 in all.At the first visit,supragingival scaling was performed.Two weeks later,each site in experimental group was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP）and diode laser (980 nm 2 W) irradiation for 30s,while those in control group were treated with SRP only.The changes of PD,clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded and compared before treatment and 3 months after treatment.Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in clinical indicators between two groups (P>0.05).3 months later,all clinical indexes decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05) compared with those before treatment.In experimental group,PD was （4.15±0.24）mm,CAL was（5.45±0.28）mm，and positive rate of BOP was 20% while in control group,PD was（4.13±0.28）mm，CAL was（5.15±0.30）mm，and positive rate of BOP was 42.5%.In addition,in experimental group,positive rate of BOP decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P<0.05),but at the levels of PD and CAL,there were no significant differences between these two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Diode laser is an effective adjuvant treatment for moderate to severe chronic periodontitis in short term,and its long-erm efficacy needs further study.

Abstract： Objective To evaluate the effect of magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite coating on peri-implant osseointegration using fluorescent microscope analysis. Methods 20 implants were separated into two groups equally.Ten implants in one group were coated with magnesium-ubstituted hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA); the other ten implants were coated with normal hydroxyapatite (HA) as control group.Both coatings were made using electrochemical deposition technology.All the implants were placed in the femur of adult rabbits.Oxytetracycline hydrochloride was given on the 7th day after operation,and alizarin-complexon was applied on the 28th day after operation,and calcein green was given on 46th day after operation.After 8 weeks,all the rabbits were sacrificed and all the samples collected from the femurs were observed with fluorescent microscope.The bone mineral apposition rate (MAR),bone area ratio (BAR) and bone to implant contact (BIC) were analyzed to indicate the difference of two types of implants.Results Peri-implant newly formed bone was observed in each group.From 7th to 53rd day after operation,the values of MAR and BAR in Mg-HA group were higher than those in HA group.However,no significant difference could be found (P>0.05).On 7th and 28th day,the BIC value of Mg-HA group was significantly higher than that of HA group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with HA coating,Mg-HA coating could have more effect on enhancing peri-implant osseointegration.

Abstract： Objective To study how to retain space and restore dentures for children with dentition defect.Methods 12 children patients with dentition defect having suffered from tumor or trauma of the jaws were involved.The removable functional space maintainers appropriate to characteristics of the age spectrum were customized and used for them to exercise the function of denture.Then a long-term observation followed.The results were evaluated through radiographs and clinical examination.Results After 5-12 years of space retaining and prosthodontical treatment,all the 12 children patients successfully developed to permanent dentition in the wake of complete eruption and occlusal contact of the 2nd permanent molar.The mesiodistal length and vertical height of the edentulous area were maintained effectively.Also,the total surviving permanent tooth germs normally developed to eruption place along with the regular development of jawbones.Conclusions The restoration of dentition defect in Childhood period should be made on the basis of developmental characteristics of the jawbones and teeth in this childhood stage.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of different heights of the traction hook on the stress distribution on the maxillary incisors periodontal ligament and initial displacement and to discuss the mechanical mechanism in the process of J-hook traction in order to provide objective theory basis for clinical orthodontics. Methods Three-dimensional finite element models of the maxillary anterior teeth and the appliance werefirst established; the traction hook height was respectively 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 mm;a fixed angle of 30°was maintainedfrom the sagittal plane toward cheek and occlusal plane upward with 1.5 N; A seriesof stress distributionmaps and initial displacement maps were made. Results With the traction hook height increasing,the maximum principal compressive stress of central incisors became larger,and lingual inclination was down when traction hook height was less than 4 mm,while the labial inclinationwas down with hook height greater than 8 mm; the maximum principal stress of lateral incisordecreased at first and then increased,with the minimum stressvalueoccurred attraction hook height of 4 mm while the maximum stressvalueoccurred attraction hook height of 12 mm,andthe elongation tendency of lingual inclination increasedwith the height of traction hook increasing. Conclusions As towing hook height increases,the central incisors trend to lingually -down at firstand thenlabially -down; the lingual inclination elongationtendency of lateral incisor increaseswith the height of traction hook increasing.

Abstract: Objective To detect the effect of acellular dermal matrix for the prevention of Frey′s syndrome after domestic parotidectomy. Methods The CNKI、CMCI、VIP、CBM、Wangfang databases were searched electronically.The randomized/semi ?andomized controlled trials and cntrolled clinical trials concerning acellular dermal matrix for preventing Frey′s syndrome after parotidectomy were included for meta-analysis.The risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane Collaboration′s tool and data extraction was independently performed by 2 reviewers.The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager,version 5.1. Results 20 randomized clinical trials including 1,742 participants were included.The meta-analysis results showed that implantation of acellular dermis matrix can reduce the risk of Frey′s syndrome by subjective assessment (relative risk ［RR］=0.12,95% confidence interval ［CI］0.08 to 0.18;P<0.000 01) The acellular dermis matrix can reduce the risk of Frey′s syndrome by objective assessment through starch iodine test (RR=0.15,95% CI 0.12 to 0.19;P<0.000 01). Conclusions The present clinical evidence suggests that acellular dermis matrix is effective in preventing Frey′s syndrome after parotidectomy,but more qualified multi-sample randomized controlled trials with long-term reviews are required to provide better basis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Beyond Cold Light Whitening on the ultrastructure of enamel surface. Methods Impressions of three patient′s upper incisors were taken before,immediately after and three months after Beyond cold light whitening treatment.Epoxy resin replica was made to analyze the bleached enamel surfaces with scanning electron microscopy. Results The SEM findings revealed that mild demineralization changes such as the pitting and micro-porosity were observed on the enamel surface immediately after and three months after bleaching and the ultrastructural changes become less obvious three months after whitening. Conclusions The Beyond cold light whitening might result in the micro morphological changes of the bleached enamel surfaces.The bleached enamel with the micro morphological changes could be re ?ineralized in vivo over time.

Abstract：Objective To study the effect of different processing time on the structures and characteristics of micro arc oxidized films on the surfaces of pure titanium. Methods Titanium samples were divided into 4 groups according to different processing time,10 min,20 min,30 min and 40 min separately.After micro arc oxidation (MAO),the morphology of the oxide films on the surfaces and cross sections was monitored with scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and elemental composition and crystalline structures of the oxide films were analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results Microporous oxide films were formed on pure titanium surfaces after micro arc oxidation.The thickness of the MAO films in the 10 min group was 10 μm and that in the other groups was all 20 μm.The difference in contents of calcium and phosphorus among 4 groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Components of the MAO films included rutile,anatase,and hydroxyapatite. Conclusions The porous oxide film containing hydroxyapatite can be formed on the surface of pure titanium by MAO,and the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the MAO film are not related with the time of surface treatment from 10 min to 40 min.

Objective To evaluate the influence of temporary cement on bonding strength of permanent cement.Methods The the dentin surfaces of 75 in vitro teeth were treated with four kinds of temporary cements,use Luxacore,CX,and Poly-F cementation.To measure and compare the bonding strength of cements in different groups.The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package.Results There were differences in bonding strength between control group and the rest four groups in temporary cement processing groups（P＜0.05）.The bonding strength of three kinds of permanent cements was different（P＜0.05）.There were differences in bonding strength between ZnO group and the rest four groups in Luxacore groups（P＜0.05）.Conclusions The bonding strength of permanent cements will be reduced if temporary cements are used.The bonding strength of resin permanent cements will decline if eugenol-containing temporary cements are used.LuxaCore has the stronger bonding strength than CX,while CX is stronger than Poly-F in bonding strength.

Objectiv To evaluate the influence of microscopy on plaque controlof orthodontic patients with fixed appliance.Methods 86 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups:groupⅠwere guided with traditional plaque control pathway,group Ⅱ were treated with chair side guidance,microscope observation and traditional plaque control pathway.The oral health status of each patient was evaluated during a treatment period of more than 6 months.Results 1 month,3 months and 6 months after orthodontic treatment,the gingival index (GI) of group Ⅰ was 1.157±0.202,1.254±0.357,1.427±0.297,whilethat of group Ⅱ was1.015±0.236,1.107±0.216,1.152±0.052,and significant difference was observed between the two groups; the plaque index of group Ⅰwas 1．21±0.33,1.67±0.37,1.79±0.25,while that of group Ⅱ was 1.10±0.25,1.01±0.32,0.92±0.39,and there was also significant difference.When the treatment finished,incidence rate of gingivitis in group Ⅰwas 32.55%，and that in groupⅡwas 13.95%.Conclusions The combination of microscope observationand traditionalplaque control pathway showsobvious advantage in reducing plaque accumulation compared with traditional plaque control pathway.It is an effective way for fixed orthodontic patients to maintain oral health.

Abstract: Objective To compare the effectiveness of Super-bond C＆B and 75% sodium fluoride glycerin paste in the treatment of occlusal dentine hypersensitivity.Methods 106 patients with occlusal dentine hypersensitivity(106 patients,184 teeth) were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The test group( 53 patients,96 teeth) were treated with Super-bond C＆B while the control group ( 53 patients,88 teeth) were treated with 75% sodium fluoride glycerin.Instant effectiveness and that of 3 months after treatment were compared with the unified standard.Results The instant effective rates of Super-bond C＆B and 75% sodium fluoride glycerin paste were 97.91% and 92.04%respectively（P＞0.05）with no significant difference.But there was significant difference in two groups 3 months after treatment（P＜0.05）.Effectiveness of Super-bond C＆B was obviously better than that of sodium fluoride glycerin paste.Conclusions Super-bond C＆B is an effective desensitizer for dentin hypersensitivity．

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the clinical effect on prosthesis of sub gingival wedge-shaped defect with gingival retraction cord and gingival retractor. Methods 240 teeth with wedge-shaped defect in sub-gingival depth of 1-2mm were randomized into gingival retraction cord group, gingival retractor group and combined group with 80 teeth in each group. CLEARFIL SE BOND system and CLEARFIL AP-X? composite resin were used in each group to bond and fill the defects. Follow-up study was carried out 1 year after treatment to examine the filling material loss and gingival health status. Results In the combined group, filling material in 4 teeth fell off, and 3 teeth of the 76 teeth whose filling material was in good condition got gingivitis. The loss rate of the filling material and the incidence of gingivitis in the combined group were 5.00% and 3.95%. In the gingival retraction cord group, filling material in 12 teeth fell off, and 9 teeth of the 68 teeth whose filling material was in good condition got gingivitis. The loss rate of the filling material and the incidence of gingivitis in the combined group were 15.00% and 13.24%. In the gingival retractor group, filling material in 15 teeth fell off, and 11 teeth of the 65 teeth whose filling material was in good condition got gingivitis. The loss rate of the filling material and the incidence of gingivitis in the combined group were 18.75%、16.92%. The loss rate of the filling material and the incidence of gingivitis in the combined group were lower than those of gingival retraction cord group and gingival retractor group, and there is a statistical significance in difference (p<0.05).Conclusions Utilization of gingival retraction cord combined with gingival retractor in the restoration of sub-gingival wedge-shaped defect can efficiently improve the overall quality of the restoration.

Abstract: Objective To observe the clinical effects of formulae for promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis in treatment of patients with oral anabrotic lichen planus and the associated changes of blood viscosity.Methods A total number of 76 patients with oral anabrotic lichen planus were divided into two groups.Patients of one group were treated with the formulae while the other with hydroxychlorochin for 1 month.After the treatment,the clinical effects and the parameter of blood viscosity by laboratory examinations were further investigated.Results The results from clinical outcomes and blood viscosity parameters indicated that patients in the formulae treatment group were much better than those in the hydroxychlorochin treatment group（P<0.05）.Conclusions Formulae for promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis is a valuable treatment for patients with oral anabrotic lichen planus.

Abstract： Objective To investigate and analyze the periodontal health conditions in the adult population of Shanghai.Methods By using community periodontal index (CPI)，a total of 763 subjects aged from 20 to 65 were recruited and accepted periodontal examination with the data analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software package．Results In the 763 people,the percentage of healthy，bleeding，shallow pocket and deep pocket were respectively 2.1%，41.94%，23.72 %，12.58%．The proportion of people who had periodontal pockets among the 20-35 year-old group was lower than that of the 36-50 year-old group and the 51-65 year-old group,respectively(P＜0.05).The proportion of healthy gingiva among males was significantly lower than that among females,yet the proportion of deep periodontal pock among males was higher than that among females(P＜0.05).Conclusions The adult periodontal conditions of Shanghai are serious and it is related to age and gender．

Abstract: Objective To investigate the oral health conditions and the regularity of oral disease occurrence in middle school students in Kinshasa.Methods 1 121 middle school students aged 12 years old in 5 middle schools in Kinshasa were involved,including 551 males and 570 females.The survey items included caries status,periodontal disease and malocclusion occurrence and the oral health knowledge questionnaire.The method and standard of World Health Organization oral health survey (3rd edition) were adopted and the oral examination was produced.Results The prevalence rates of dental caries of male and female were 64.06%、70.18% with DMFT 0.65、1.04 respectively.Dental calculus index and Gingival examination index of male and female were 76.59%、62.46% and 71.87%、57.72% respectively.There was statistical difference.Occlusion condition examination displayed that the prevalence rates of malocclusion of male and female were respectively 23.96% and 19.30%.There was no significant difference statistically.Questionnaire investigation presented the neglect of the oral health and lack of oral health education.Conclusions The oral health situation of the local middle school students should be improved and be paid more attention.Aid priorities and strategies of our foreign aid medical oral direction should be adjusted.