Objective The present study aims to determine the effect of adiponectin on SDF-1/CXCR4 expression of MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells within different culture systems. Methods Cultured MC3T3-E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with or without adiponectin, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect SDF-1 and CXCR4 mRNA expressions. Then, we designed a co-culture system with MC3T3-E1 cells in upper chamber and C3H10T1/2 cells in lower chamber. After adiponectin treatment, cells were collected and SDF-1/CXCR4 mRNA expressions were examined. Results qPCR results showed that adiponectin increased SDF-1 mRNA expression when MC3T3-E1 cells cultured alone, while decreased SDF-1 mRNA expression when MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in co-culture system. Adiponectin inhibit CXCR4 mRNA expression in C3H10T1/2 cells, regardless of culture conditions. Conclusion We concluded that adiponectin has dual effects on SDF-1 expression of MC3T3-E1 cells. Adiponectin influences mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts niche by regulating SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the differential protein of oral mucosa between normal controls and OLP patients. Methods: Protein samples were extracted from normal controls and OLP patients and analyzed by scanning Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis maps, searching for possible differential protein, which would be identified by online retrieving collected peptide mass fingerprinting. Results: Of the 28 indentified differential protein spots, 20 protein spots had high expression in OLP and 8 showed low expression in OLP（P＜0.05）. 10 protein spots with high definition were detected with biologic mass spectrometry technique, MALDI-TOF-MS and 5 proteins were identified, of which K2E, vimentin protein, DYHC1 and FGB had a high expression in OLP patients while ApoA1 showed a low expression in OLP. Conclusions: It turns out that there indeed exist differential protein of oral mucosa between normal controls and OLP patients. The identified Specific Protein indicates that K2E may play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP and the occurrence of OLP may be associated with the onset of microcirculatory disturbance and hyperviscosity.

Objective　 To establish a 3D finite element model of the craniomaxillo face including the temporomandibular joint in order that we can study the stress and strain of the active force and reaction force in the craniomaxillarcomplex, the mandible, the condyle process and articular fossa during the maxillary protraction. Methods　The heads of the volunteers were scanned by the spiral CT, and then the DICOM data were processed by Mimics and then the thecraniomaxilloface including the temporomandibulary joint were meshed. Results　A three dimensional (3-D)finite element model (FEM) of the skull was established successfully including temporomandibular joint. The final 3-D FEM was meshed with 110770 entity elements and 28740 nodes. The model of the cranial-maxillary was meshed with 76892 entity elements and 20387 nodes, and the model of the mandibular was meshed with 33878 entity elements and 8353 nodes. The FEM established was relatively complete in structure, with good-quality elements and reasonable partitioning meshes and similar to the human anatomical structure. Conclusions　An accurate 3-D FEM of the skull including the TMJ has been established successfully. The FEM model can be used to study the stress distribution and the displacement change on the mandible when a force is loaded on the chin. A solid foundation has been laid for further study.

Objective To investigate the influence of different silanization treatments on the shear bond strength of fiber posts and the SEM structure. Methods 20 glass fiber posts were divided into 4 groups（n=5）: no treatment(A), chair-side silane application(B), industrial silane treatment(C), industrial silane treatment followed by chair-side silane application(D). After surface treatment, a composite resin core was placed around each fiber post by a PTFE tube. The specimens were embedded in a cylinder of clear self-cured acrylic resin and sectioned into 1-mm-thick segments with a water-cooled diamond blade. Each post can be sectioned into 10 segments. In each group, 5 segments were put under the SEM to observe the ultra microstructure of the bonding interface of the fiber post and the resin core material and 45 other segments were put onto a universal testing machine and micro push-out tests were performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically (α=0.05). Results The mean shear bond strengths achieved in each group were （13.46±1.78）、（18.39±1.60）、（24.54±1.34）、（24.39±1.65）MPa. The treatment groups showed higher shear bond strengths than that of the control group(A) (P＜0.001). Group C showed higher bond strengths than Group B (P＜0.001). No significant difference was found between the group C and group D. No defects were detectable at the interface of fiber posts and resin core materials in all the groups. In Group C and group D, microretentive morphological changes were observed. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, industrial silane treatment can enhance the shear bond strength of fiber posts. SEM analysis reveals the presence of microretentive morphological changes, which can certainly increase post-retentive properties.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the deference between cephalometric measurements and cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)-based measurements of the palatal bone thickness.Methods:Thirty subjects of CBCT images and lateral cephalograms were selected. Palatal bone thicknesses were measured anteroposteriorly from between the first and second premolars to between the first and second molars using both imaging methods, and also laterally from 1.5 mm off-center to 10 mm off-center in the CBCT images. Repeated measure was used to examine the differences between the measurements. Results:The 5-mm off-center of the palatal bone was thinnest. The 5-mm off-center measurements were the only ones for which there were no statistically significant differences compared with the cephalometric measurements in all anteroposterior areas. The measurements at 1.5 mm off-center were significantly thicker than the cephalometric measurements only from the area between the second premolar and the first molar to the area between the first and second molars. Conclusions:Among the areas measured, the bone at 5 mm off-center is most likely to be depicted in cephalograms as palatal bone contours.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the apical canal transportation and centralizing ability of NiTi instruments WaveOne after root canal preparation by Micro-CT．Methods Forty extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Root canals were respectively prepared using WaveOne(group A),motor ProTaper(group B),hand ProTaper(group C) nickel-titanium instruments with crown-down technique and using the stainless steel hand K-files with standardized technique ( group D) .A series of preoperative and postoperative images were taken by Micro-CT.Canal transportation and centralizing ability were measured with reference to the distance between the noninstrumented portion of the root canals and the mesial and distal periphery of the root.（Double root canals only recorded the buccal one.）Results Canal transportation after preparation:the Group A was less than the other three group(P＜0.05). The centring ratio values:Group A was more than the other three group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Within the limitation of this present study,WaveOne can well maintain the original root canal path and center in the preparation of root canal.Therefore,it has practical value for clinical use.

Objective　To explore an accurate and available method in sentinel lymph node localization in cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods　Preoperative sentinel lymph node localization by SPECT/CT Co-registration Fusion Scintigraphy and intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed to evaluate the cervical lymph node status in 30 cases of cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma and the pathological results of SLN and neck dissection were compared after the operation. Results　Among all the 30 cases, the accuracy rating of sentinel lymph node localization by SPECT/CT Co-registration Fusion Scintigraphy was 100%. Sentinel lymph nodes were found with metastasis in 8 cases. No non-sentinel lymph node was found with metastasis while sentinel lymph nodes were pathologically negative. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of evaluation of neck lymph node metastasis were 100%. Conclusion　Preoperative SPECT/CT Co-registration Fusion Scintigraphy can be used to locate sentinel lymph node and accurately evaluate the statue of cervical lymph node metastasis in cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective　To explore the application of mandibular defects reconstruction with fibula flap and CAD/CAM technology. Methods 16 patients with mandibular defects were selected. The digital data of defect area were obtained using CT scan technology according to the patients’ respective characteristics. The mandibular resection and reconstruction were simulated using CAD/CAM technology and the natural pattern was made with rapid forming machine. The fibula was shaped and Titanium plate was reconstructed based on the model to restore the morphology and function of mandible. Then the postoperative complication and recovery status were evaluated. Results　Application of CAD/CAM technology in mandibular defects reconstruction has quicken fibula osteotomy, shaping and positioning. The postoperative facial appearances were basically symmetrical and there were no obvious complications. Imaging diagnosis showed that the shape and position of the reconstructed mandible were good. Conclusion　Fibula flap reconstruction combining with CAD/CAM technology in treatment of mandibular defects have shown good effectiveness and it has shortened the time of surgical operation. It is a perfect technology and it’s worth promoting.

Objective To evaluate the wettability of the commonly-used clinical materials including Co-Cr alloy, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, pure titanium as well as heat-curing denture base resin in order to provide theoretical guidance for choosing the suitable clinical materials for complete denture base. Methods The contact angles were tested respectively when artificial saliva was dropped on differently treated Co-Cr alloy, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, pure titanium and heat-curing denture base resin samples. The wettability of the four kinds of materials was reflected by the contact angles. Results ①All the four kinds of materials had a smaller contact angle in group polishing in the same manner as clinical practice when compared with the high polishing group and the difference was statistically significant. ②In high polishing group, heat-curing denture base resin had the largest contact angle, followed by titanium, Co-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy had the minimum contact angle. There was statistically significant difference between different materials with paired comparison except Co-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy. ③In groups polishing in the same manner as clinical practice, pure titanium had the largest contact angle, followed by heat-curing denture base resin, Co-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy. The differences between different materials were statistically significant except the Co-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Conclusion Co-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy had better wettability than pure titanium and heat-curing denture base resin. Considering the influence of wettability on retention force, we should choose Co-Cr alloy and Co-Cr-Mo as complete denture base materials as they are better for the retention.

Objective　To improve the diagnostic and curative level of the deep lobe tumor of the parolid gland occupying the parapharyngeal space and to reduce the postoperative complications. Methods　Records of 20 patients with the deep lobe tumor of the parolid gland operated from 2004 to 2010 were reviewed．Results　17 patients with benign tumors were all cured；3 patients with malignant tumors survived, and they were followed up for more than 2 years, and no tumor recrudesced in this period. No case with serious complication has occurred．Conclusion　The nature of the deep lobe tumor of the parolid gland occupying the parapharyngeal space is almost benign and pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor．CT and MRI images clearly showed the position，size，confine，velvet of tumor edge and the relationship between tumor and important peripheral structure, which was essential for diagnosis and pre-surgical planning. The cervical-parotid approach is the preferred procedure for the deep lobe tumor of the parolid gland.

Objective To establish an animal model for orthodontic extrusion of anterior residual roots in dogs. Methods： Three healthy adult hybrid dogs were selected for this study. Two maxillary lateral incisors from each dog were used, one for orthodontic traction, the other for control randomly. The models for residual roots were established, and orthodontic traction devices were installed. The stability of the devices was observed every day, and periodontal indicators were recorded at 0 and 30 days. Results The survival rate of the orthodontic devices was 100%. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and control group in periodontal status. The residual roots were pulled out by （1.22±0.12）mm at average, while the control group moved （0.15±0.06）mm at average. Conclusions The present animal model for orthodontic extrusion of anterior residual roots is stable, efficient, and easy to operate. Also, it hardly influences the periodontal status.

Abstract Objective To investigate the dental medical institutions in Liaoning Province in 2011, and to analysis the allocation of nursing manpower resource in dental medical institutions in Liaoning Province. Methods A mass survey on nursing manpower resource was made in dental medical institutions in Liaoning Province in 2011 by means of questionnaire investigation, which included the number, structure, composition，distribution of nursing manpower resource in dental medical institutions in Liaoning Province. Data was entered with EpiData 3.0 and analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Frequency distribution and univariate analysis (chi square test) were conducted for the allocation of nursing manpower resource. Results There were 2038 nursing manpower resource in dental medical institutions distributing 1967 in urban areas, 71 in rural areas, with 773 in public medical institutions and 1265 in non-public medical institutions in Liaoning. 59.32% of the nursing manpower were young and middle-aged. 42.74% of the nurses had primary grade professional titles, 50.25% of them had below the junior college degree educational background and the specialty of 81.80% of the nurses was general dentistry. The ratio of the dentists to nurses was 2.76:1. The ratio of the nurses to dental chairs was 1:2.81. Conclusions The composition and distribution are not reasonable of nursing manpower resource in dental medical institutions in Liaoning Province, and dental nurses are relatively in shortage. We should optimize the structure of nursing manpower resource from education, professional title, specialty to rationally readjust the distribution and strengthen effective utilization of nursing manpower resources in dental medical institutions in Liaoning Province. Supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Liaoning province(2012225015)

Abstract： Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency oral diseases about two special schools students with disabilities in Wuhu, China .Methods :209 students who underwent physical examination in our hospital in October，2012 were investigated in this study according to the criterion issued by World Health Organization(WHO)．Statistical analysis was done．Results: The caries frequency of 209 handicapped students was 57.4%, DFMT was 1.9,The frequency of Filled teeth was 1%, The prevalence rate of gingivitis and malocclusion were 36% and 93%, The caries frequency of hearing impaired children (HI) was higher than those mentally retarded(MR),MR students appear to have poor periodontal status and more malocclusion than HI students, but did not show significant in statistics. Conclusions ：The handicapped students in Wuhu were having poor oral health status，Rate of visiting Department of Stomatology was low．

Abstract: Objective To investigate the oral health knowledge among college students as well as oral health behavior. Methods A questionnaire on-site survey was carried out of Hangzhou Normal non-professional oral 474 college students. Results Among the 474 college students, only 18.7% considered dental plague as the main cause for dental caries and periodontal disease. 8.4% and 15.5% thought it was because of dental floss and mouthwash respectively. Only 9% went to clinic regularly to clean teeth. When having toothache, those immediately went to a dentist accounting for only 33.3%. Conclusion College students have poor oral health knowledge, and their awareness of oral health and medical treatment is not strong, so it is necessary to carry out health education on campus.