以微笑美观为导向的口腔软组织美学评价方法概述

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.01.004

口腔医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 18-24.doi: 10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.01.004

以微笑美观为导向的口腔软组织美学评价方法概述

许砚耕, 张艳玲, 胡文杰(), 王翠, 韦宁

北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京(100081)

收稿日期:2024-12-16 出版日期:2025-01-28 发布日期:2025-01-16
通讯作者: 胡文杰 E-mail:huwenjie@pkuss.bjmu.edu.cn
作者简介:胡文杰,二级教授、主任医师、博士研究生导师。现任北京大学口腔医院副院长。兼任中华口腔医学会第七届口腔医学教育专业委员会副主任委员、中华口腔医学会第八届牙周病学专业委员会副主任委员、中华口腔医学会口腔种植专业委员会常务委员、中华口腔医学会口腔美学专业委员会常务委员、国家口腔医学中心牙周病专科联盟首任主任、国家住院医师规范化培训结业临床实践能力考核方案研究口腔组专家组长,及北京口腔医学会口腔种植专业委员会常务委员、北京市第三届住院医师规范化培训口腔专业主任委员、白求恩精神研究会口腔医学分会第一届理事会理事、牙膏检验检测分技术委员会副主任委员、亚太牙周病学会(APSP)中国国家代表、ITI国际口腔种植学会专家组成员(Fellow)。医疗专长:复杂牙周病的多学科综合诊治设计和规范化专业治疗、牙周病患者的种植治疗、前牙美学治疗、各种牙冠延长术等。主要研究方向:基于循证医学原则展开多学科综合诊治临床研究、牙周病患者种植治疗和牙周美学治疗相关问题临床和基础探索研究、口腔微生物组学和代谢组学相关研究、口腔组织再生与生物材料研究等。作为负责人,分别承担国家自然科学基金面上项目4项、省部级专项基金13项、2018年获批北京大学首批临床科学家计划等多项课题。发表中英文论文220余篇,主、参编(译)专著22部,获实用新型专利6项和发明专利1项,在研和毕业硕、博研究生45名,在站博士后4名。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61876005);北京市自然科学基金(L244021);北京大学口腔医(学)院临床研究基金(PKUSS-2024CRF202)

Overview of oral soft tissue esthetic assessment methods based on smile esthetics

XU Yangeng, ZHANG Yanling, HU Wenjie(), WANG Cui, WEI Ning

Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2024-12-16 Online:2025-01-28 Published:2025-01-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

美观和谐的微笑是口腔美学治疗的目标和挑战。唇、齿、龈的特征构成了微笑美学的三要素。口腔医生以往主要关注涉及牙齿硬组织特征的“白色美学”,近年来学者们发现包含唇部形态和牙龈色、形、质等内容的软组织美学对微笑的和谐与美感起着决定性作用。以微笑美观为导向的软组织美学至今缺乏统一的评价标准和分析流程。本文旨在介绍微笑美观中的软组织美学关键指标,梳理国人的微笑软组织特征和审美偏好,总结临床评价方法,以期为口腔临床美学诊疗设计提供参考。

关键词: 微笑美学, 软组织美学, 粉色美学, 口腔美学, 微笑美学评价

Abstract:

An attractive smile is the goal and challenge of oral esthetic treatment. The characteristics of lips, teeth, and gingival are the three essential elements of smile esthetics. In the past, dentists mainly focused on“white esthetics”related to the hard tissue features. But recently, scholars have found that soft tissue esthetics plays a decisive role in the overall harmony and attractiveness of a smile. Currently, there is no standardized evaluation criterion or analytical process specifically addressing soft tissue esthetics in relation to smile attractiveness. This paper aims to propose key soft tissue variables in smile esthetics, summarize the facial soft tissue features and esthetic preferences of Chinese people, sort out clinical evaluation methods, and provide a reference for the oral clinical esthetic diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: smile esthetics, soft tissue esthetics, pink esthetics, dental esthetics, smile esthetic assessment

中图分类号:

R781

许砚耕, 张艳玲, 胡文杰, 王翠, 韦宁. 以微笑美观为导向的口腔软组织美学评价方法概述[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(1): 18-24.

XU Yangeng, ZHANG Yanling, HU Wenjie, WANG Cui, WEI Ning. Overview of oral soft tissue esthetic assessment methods based on smile esthetics[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(1): 18-24.

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PES指标	0分	1分	2分
近中龈乳头	缺失	不完整	完整
远中龈乳头	缺失	不完整	完整
牙龈边缘水平	退缩>2 mm	退缩1~2 mm	退缩<1 mm
牙龈外形	不自然	基本自然	自然
牙龈颜色	差异明显	中等差异	无差异
牙龈质地	差异明显	中等差异	无差异
牙槽嵴缺损	明显	轻微	无

PICI评分	指标	与对侧同名牙完全一致
种植体周黏膜	牙龈乳头	100
(粉色美学)	牙龈高点	100
	牙根突度	100
种植体牙冠	形状	100
(白色美学)	颜色	100
	特征性表现	100
主观整体指标	牙冠	100
	黏膜	100
	整体(冠+黏膜)	100

以微笑美观为导向的口腔软组织美学评价方法概述

Overview of oral soft tissue esthetic assessment methods based on smile esthetics

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