聚醚醚酮、氧化锆与钴铬合金全冠磨损与老化性能的研究

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对比分析由PEEK、钴铬合金与氧化锆制作全冠的摩擦磨损性能、老化前后的抗折裂性和抗位移性,为PEEK材料未来应用于全冠制作提供理论依据。方法对上颌第一前磨牙进行牙体预备,硅橡胶制取印模,加工得到标准解剖形态的PEEK、钴铬合金和氧化锆全冠各25个。将其分为A、B和C 3组,A组15个(3种材料制作的全冠各5个),B组和C组各30个(3种材料制作的全冠各10个)。A组在模拟人体口腔生理环境的条件下进行12万次的咀嚼模拟,使用体视显微镜和Micro-image Analysis&Process系统检验评估和比较拮抗剂(对颌滑石瓷小球)磨损和材料磨损。B组进行10 000次冷热循环老化,C组为B组的空白对照组,使用万能试验机检验评估和比较B组与C组的抗折裂性和抗位移性。结果 ①咀嚼模拟实验:钴铬合金、氧化锆、PEEK冠的磨损高度分别为(0.61±0.05)、(0.81±0.07)、(0.96±0.04)mm,PEEK>氧化锆>钴铬合金(P<0.05),对颌拮抗剂磨损钴铬合金>氧化锆>PEEK(P<0.05)。②老化实验:钴铬合金老化前后的抗折裂性为(3 665.645±71.166)、(2 906.830±225.143)N,氧化锆为(2 447.825±316.961)、(1 829.229±72.046)N,PEEK冠为(1 632.378±53.046)、(1 074.872±105.491)N,老化前后的抗折裂性均为钴铬合金>氧化锆>PEEK(P<0.05);钴铬合金老化前后的抗位移性为(1 604.630±95.680)、(1 092.137±77.869)N,氧化锆为(1 768.851±56.273)、(1 381.618±62.326)N,PEEK冠为(1 148.811±70.417)、(931.723±64.454)N,老化前后的抗位移性均为氧化锆>钴铬合金>PEEK(P<0.05);抗折裂性与抗位移性的老化衰减量钴铬合金为(758.815±157.734)、(512.492±34.530)N,氧化锆为(618.597±251.281)、(387.233±7.947)N,PEEK冠为(557.506±61.950)、(217.089±14.589)N,抗老化性PEEK>氧化锆>钴铬合金(P<0.05)。结论 PEEK的耐磨性、抗折裂性与抗位移性各项数值符合临床全冠材料的使用标准,且PEEK具有良好的抗老化性能并能有效地保护对颌牙。因此,PEEK有希望成为制作全冠的新型材料。

关键词: PEEK, 生物材料, 咀嚼模拟, 口腔修复学

Abstract:

Objective To comparatively analyze the friction wear performance, fracture resistance, and displacement resistance before and after aging of full crowns made from PEEK, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia, providing a theoretical basis for the future application of PEEK in crown fabrication. Methods Standard anatomical full crowns of PEEK, cobalt-chromium alloy, and zirconia were fabricated by preparing the upper first premolar and taking silicone rubber impressions, resulting in 25 crowns of each material. The crowns were divided into three groups: Group A (15 crowns, 5 from each material), Group B (30 crowns, 10 from each material), and Group C (30 crowns, 10 from each material, serving as a control). Group A underwent 120 000 chewing simulations under simulated oral physiological conditions, using a stereomicroscope and Micro-image Analysis & Process system to assess and compare wear of antagonists (opposing talc ceramic balls) and material wear. Group B underwent 10 000 thermal cycling aging tests and Group C were served as the control. Universal testing machines were used to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance and displacement resistance of Groups B and C. Results ①The wear heights of full crown materials were as follows: cobalt-chromium alloy (0.61±0.05)mm, zirconia (0.81±0.07)mm, and PEEK (0.96±0.04)mm, with PEEK>zirconia>cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05). For antagonist wear, the wear heights were cobalt-chromium alloy>zirconia>PEEK (P<0.05). ②The fracture resistance of cobalt-chromium alloy before and after aging was (3 665.645±71.166)N and (2 906.830±225.143)N, respectively; for zirconia it was (2 447.825±316.961)N and(1 829.229±72.046)N; and for PEEK crowns it was (1 632.378±53.046)N and (1 074.872±105.491)N, showing cobalt-chromium alloy>zirconia>PEEK (P<0.05). The displacement resistance for cobalt-chromium alloy before and after aging was (1 604.630±95.680)N and (1 092.137±77.869)N; for zirconia it was (1 768.851±56.273)N and (1 381.618±62.326)N; and for PEEK crowns it was (1 148.811±70.417)N and (931.723±64.454)N, indicating zirconia>cobalt-chromium alloy>PEEK (P<0.05). The aging degradation of cobalt-chromium alloy’s fracture and displacement resistance was (758.815±157.734)N and (512.492±34.530)N, respectively; for zirconia, it was (618.597±251.281)N and (387.233±7.947)N; and for PEEK crowns, it was (557.506±61.950)N and (217.089±14.589)N, with anti-aging performance: PEEK>zirconia>cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05). Conclusion The wear resistance, fracture resistance, and displacement resistance of PEEK meet the clinical standards for full crown materials, and PEEK demonstrates good anti-aging performance while effectively protecting opposing teeth. Therefore, PEEK has the potential to become a novel material for full crown fabrication

Key words: PEEK, biomaterials, chewing simulation, dental prosthetics

中图分类号:

R783.1

杨硕, 李卓衡, 张慧楠, 高菁哲, 孙宇. 聚醚醚酮、氧化锆与钴铬合金全冠磨损与老化性能的研究[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(10): 736-741.

YANG Shuo, LI Zhuoheng, ZHANG Huinan, GAO Jingzhe, SUN Yu. The study on wear and aging performance of polyetheretherketone, zirconia, and cobalt-chromium alloy crowns[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(10): 736-741.

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组别	全冠修复体			用途
组别	PEEK	氧化锆	钴铬合金	用途
A	5	5	5	咀嚼模拟实验组
B₁	5	5	5	垂直向老化实验组
B₂	5	5	5	侧向老化实验组
C₁	5	5	5	垂直向空白对照组
C₂	5	5	5	侧向空白对照组

材料	样本数 (n)	冠磨损高度ΔH₁	对颌拮抗剂磨损高度ΔH₂
钴铬合金	5	0.61±0.05	0.69±0.07
氧化锆	5	0.81±0.07	0.49±0.04
PEEK	5	0.96±0.04	0.26±0.04
F		54.12	83.17
P		<0.001	<0.001

组别	抗折裂性/N			单因素方差分析
组别	钴铬合金	氧化锆	PEEK	F	P
C₁组	3 665.645±71.166	2 447.825±316.961	1 632.378±53.046	144.962	<0.001
B₁组	2 906.830±225.143	1 829.229±72.046	1 074.872±105.491	189.765	<0.001

组别	抗位移性/N			单因素方差分析
组别	钴铬合金	氧化锆	PEEK	F	P
C₂组	1 604.630±95.680	1 768.851±56.273	1 148.811±70.417	114.557	<0.001
B₂组	1 092.137±77.869	1 381.618±62.326	931.723±64.454	152.121	<0.001

材料	抗老化性/N		成对样本t检验
材料	B₁和C₁组	B₂和C₂组	B₁和C₁组(P)	B₂和C₂组(P)
钴铬合金	758.815±157.734	512.492±34.530	<0.001	<0.001
氧化锆	618.597±251.281	387.233±7.947	<0.005	<0.001
PEEK	557.506±61.950	217.089±14.589	<0.001	<0.001