导板在正畸治疗中的矫治效能与临床应用

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

导板是正畸治疗中的重要辅助装置,包括固定式Bite Turbo、活动式导板及隐形矫治Bite Ramp等类型。它们通过调节咬合力分布与下颌位置,在深覆牙合、反牙合、牙合平面不对称及锁牙合等多种错牙合畸形的治疗中发挥关键作用。本文系统论述了导板治疗的生物力学基础,涵盖咬合打开、下颌引导、垂直向控制及牙齿移动调控等方面,并结合临床研究数据,分析了导板在固定矫治与隐形矫治中的具体应用及效果。结果显示,固定式导板打开咬合的效率明显高于活动导板,而隐形矫治中的Bite Ramp则能提供更舒适、精准的咬合引导。导板的应用需要严格把握适应证,尤其对高角病例应谨慎使用。随着数字化设计与材料技术的进步,导板在正畸治疗中正朝着更个性化、精准化的方向发展。

关键词: 咬合导板, 深覆牙合, 垂直向控制, 生物力学

Abstract:

Bite plates are essential auxiliary devices in orthodontic treatment, comprising various types such as fixed bite turbos, removable bite plates, and bite ramps used in clear aligner therapy. By modulating occlusal force distribution and mandibular position, these devices play a critical role in treating diverse malocclusions, including deep bite, crossbite, canted occlusal plane, and scissors bite. This review systematically elucidates the biomechanical foundations of bite plate therapy, covering bite opening, mandibular guidance, vertical control, and the regulation of tooth movement. Furthermore, combined with clinical research data, this article analyzes the specific applications and efficacy of bite plates in both fixed appliance therapy and clear aligner therapy. The findings indicate that fixed bite turbos demonstrate significantly higher efficiency in bite opening compared to removable bite plates, while bite ramps in clear aligner therapy offer more comfortable and precise occlusal guidance. However, strict adherence to indications is required when applying bite plates, with particular caution necessary for high-angle cases. With advancements in digital design and material technology, the application of bite plates in orthodontics is evolving toward greater personalization and precision.

Key words: bite plate, deep overbite, vertical control, biomechanics

中图分类号:

R783.5

翁依雅, 袁礼婵, 张梦男, 马俊青. 导板在正畸治疗中的矫治效能与临床应用[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(8): 619-623.

WENG Yiya, YUAN Lichan, ZHANG Mengnan, MA Junqing. Bite plates in orthodontics: Therapeutic efficacy and clinical applications[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(8): 619-623.

图/表 3

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