大蒜素对伴2型糖尿病牙周炎大鼠牙周组织的影响研究

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨大蒜素(allicin)对伴2型糖尿病牙周炎大鼠牙周组织的影响。方法选取40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为A~D组,每组10只。A组为健康对照组,大鼠正常喂养,给予生理盐水灌胃;B组大鼠构建伴糖尿病牙周炎模型,给予生理盐水灌胃;C组和D组大鼠构建伴糖尿病牙周炎模型,分别给予30、60 mg/kg大蒜素灌胃。每日1次,连续给药4周,观察大鼠一般情况并跟踪大鼠空腹血糖变化,处死前记录牙龈指数(gingival index,GI)、龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI)、探诊深度(probing depth,PD)。酶联免疫吸附分析(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和牙周组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平。Micro-CT扫描评估牙周情况,记录釉牙骨质界(amelocemental junction,CEJ)到牙槽骨嵴顶(alveolar bone crest,ABC)的距离(CEJ-ABC),HE染色观察牙周组织病理变化。结果 B组大鼠空腹血糖水平、GI、SBI、PD、血清TNF-α、IL-6、LDH水平、牙周组织MDA水平、CEJ-ABC均显著高于A组(P<0.05),HE染色示组织炎症状况较A组加重;C、D组上述指标均较B组明显改善,且D组显著低于C组(P<0.05)。结论大蒜素可通过降低伴2型糖尿病牙周炎大鼠血糖、炎症因子水平和减少牙槽骨吸收抑制病情发展。

关键词: 糖尿病, 牙周炎, 大蒜素, 牙槽骨吸收

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of allicin on periodontal tissues in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (A-D), with 10 rats in each group. Group A was the healthy control group, with normal feeding and intragastric administration of normal saline. Group B was the diabetes periodontitis model group, with intragastric administration of normal saline. Groups C and D were diabetes periodontitis model groups treated with 30 and 60 mg/kg allicin, respectively, via intragastric administration. The rats were treated once daily for 4 weeks. During this period, the general condition of the rats was observed, and their fasting blood glucose levels were tracked. Before execution,the gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and probing depth (PD) were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rat serum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontal tissue. Micro-CT scanning was used to assess the periodontal condition, and the distance from the amelocemental junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) (CEJ-ABC) was recorded. Periodontal tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe pathological changes in periodontal tissue. Results In Group B, the levels of blood glucose, GI, SBI, PD, serum TNF-α, IL-6, LDH, MDA in periodontal tissues, CEJ-ABC, and inflammatory status shown by HE staining were all significantly higher than those in Group A (P< 0.05). The above indicators in Groups C and D were significantly lower than those in Group B, and Group D was significantly lower than Group C (P< 0.05). Conclusion Allicin can inhibit the progression of periodontitis in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels, levels of inflammation factors, and decreasing alveolar bone resorption.

Key words: diabetes, periodontitis, allicin, alveolar bone resorption

中图分类号:

R781.4

李嘉鹏, 孙嘉琪, 妮尕热·于努斯江, 贾谦谦, 祖蕾娜·阿布拉, 古丽努尔·阿吾提. 大蒜素对伴2型糖尿病牙周炎大鼠牙周组织的影响研究[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(10): 776-781.

LI Jiapeng, SUN Jiaqi, NIGARE Yunusjiang, JIA Qianqian, ZULEINA Abula, GULINUER Awuti. Investigating the impact of allicin on periodontal tissue in rats with periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(10): 776-781.

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组别	造模后药物干预前
A组	490.163±10.118	502.450±10.439	512.800±10.224	526.375±12.680	542.850±14.857
B组	493.875±9.688	483.375±11.298^a	468.000±9.363^a	451.738±7.287^a	435.600±10.167^a
C组	492.000±9.733	480.375±9.809^a	474.637±5.628^a	463.625±6.548^ab	453.350±8.080^ab
D组	492.887±11.462	486.012±9.364^a	479.388±6.606^ab	476.288±8.916^abc	471.850±13.315^abc

组别	造模后药物干预前
A组	5.388±0.356	5.488±0.290	5.588±0.196	5.475±0.282	5.413±0.285
B组	23.762±1.252^a	24.188±1.124^a	24.637±1.143^a	25.050±1.419^a	25.562±1.291^a
C组	23.775±1.547^a	23.575±1.256^a	23.062±1.049^ab	22.137±0.823^ab	21.525±0.585^ab
D组	23.625±0.925^a	22.987±1.091^ab	21.737±0.823^abc	20.238±0.825^abc	18.938±0.761^abc

组别	GI	SBI	PD/mm
A组	0.125±0.354	0.250±0.463	0.188±0.083
B组	2.750±0.463^a	4.500±0.756^a	2.175±0.212^a
C组	1.875±0.641^ab	3.125±1.126^ab	1.350±0.169^ab
D组	1.125±0.835^abc	2.125±0.991^abc	0.938±0.141^abc