儿童髁突骨折治疗的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

儿童髁突骨折在下颌骨骨折中占有很高比例,髁突作为下颌骨生长发育中心,骨折后若处理不及时易引发张口受限、关节区疼痛、关节强直、面部偏斜等并发症。目前,针对儿童髁突骨折治疗方法尚未达成一致意见。非手术治疗因其微创性通常作为首选治疗方案,但随着医学技术的发展,特别是微创技术与骨接合材料的改进,髁突骨折手术治疗在儿童髁突骨折中接受程度显著提高。对于两种治疗方式的选择仍需大量的临床观察。本文对儿童髁突骨折不同治疗方案及其优缺点进行综述,结合儿童髁突生理特点,旨在为其治疗选择提供参考。

关键词: 颞下颌关节, 髁突骨折, 儿童

Abstract:

Condylar fractures in children account for a high proportion of mandibular fractures. As the growth and development center of the mandible, condylar fractures, if not promptly treated, can easily lead to complications such as limited mouth opening, joint area pain, joint ankylosis, and facial asymmetry. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment methods for condylar fractures in children. Non-surgical treatment is often the preferred treatment option due to its minimally invasive nature. However, with the development of medical technology, especially the improvement of minimally invasive techniques and bone grafting materials, surgical treatment for condylar fractures has gained significant acceptance among pediatric surgeons. The choice between the two treatment methods still requires extensive clinical observation. This article reviews different treatment options for condylar fractures in children and their advantages and disadvantages, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the condylar process in children, aiming to provide reference for the choice of treatment.

Key words: temporomandibular joint, condylar fracture, children

中图分类号:

R782.4
R788

刘宪光, 李成龙, 李涛. 儿童髁突骨折治疗的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(6): 471-475.

LIU Xianguang, LI Chenglong, LI Tao. Progress on the treatment of childhood condylar fractures[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(6): 471-475.

图/表 1

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分类标准	类别
骨折线位置	高位骨折(又称囊内骨折或髁头骨折)、中位骨折(髁颈骨折)、低位骨折(髁突基部骨折)、垂直向骨折
骨折片移位或脱位的方向	无移位、骨折线偏斜(骨折断端未脱离接触)、移位(骨折断端无接触但髁突仍位于关节窝内)、脱位(髁突脱离关节窝)
是否伴发其他部位骨折	单纯髁突骨折、伴下颌骨其他部位骨折、伴其他面部骨折
侧别	单侧髁突骨折、双侧髁突骨折