三维打印羟基磷灰石-胶原蛋白支架在骨再生中的研究进展

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

骨组织工程(bone tissue engineering, BTE)有望作为自体骨移植物替代品用于骨缺损,在BTE支架材料的选择上,胶原蛋白(collagen,Col)和羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite, HA)因其与天然骨的相似性而引起关注。将两者结合制造出的胶原蛋白/羟基磷灰石(collagen-hydroxypatite, CHA)复合支架已被多种体外、体内和临床研究证明具有优良的生物相容性和促成骨潜能,随着三维(three-dimensional, 3D)打印技术在组织工程领域的发展,利用3D打印方法建造的骨支架展现出了巨大的临床潜力。本综述阐述了三维打印CHA复合支架的前沿技术和新进展,并介绍了3D打印CHA支架在口腔颌面骨再生修复方面的应用。

关键词: 骨再生, 3D打印, 生物打印

Abstract:

Bone tissue engineering(BTE)is expected to be used as an autologous bone graft substitute for bone defects, and in the selection of BTE scaffold materials, collagen(Col) and hydroxyapatite(HA) have attracted attention due to their unique biomimetic advantages. Collagen/hydroxyapatite(CHA) composite scaffolds made by combining the two have been shown to have excellent biocompatibility and bone-enhancing potential in various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. With the development of three-dimensional(3D) printing technology in the field of tissue engineering, bone scaffolds constructed using 3D printing methods have been shown to possess superior clinical potential. This review describes new advances in 3D printed CHA composite scaffolds and introduces the application of 3D printed CHA scaffolds in oral and maxillofacial bone regenerative repair.

Key words: bone tissue engineering, 3D-printing, bioprinting

中图分类号:

R336

程紫阳, 韩笑妍, 毛珂铭, 刘来奎, 梁薇薇. 三维打印羟基磷灰石-胶原蛋白支架在骨再生中的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(1): 75-80.

CHENG Ziyang, HAN Xiaoyan, MAO Keming, LIU Laikui, LIANG Weiwei. Advances in 3D printed hydroxyapatite-collagen scaffolds in bone regeneration[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(1): 75-80.

图/表 1

表1

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作者及发表年份	支架成分	临床应用	对照组	评价
Mozzati, 2017^[64]	RegenOss(富镁羟基磷灰石纳米晶体在Ⅰ型胶原纤维内成核)	拔牙创植入	无	RegenOss改善牙槽窝愈合,增加上皮化,其安全性得到证实,可能有止血性能
Casarez-Quintana, 2022^[66]	80%异体HA微颗粒/20%糖交联猪Ⅰ型Col	牙槽嵴植入	90%牛来源的异种移植颗粒/10%猪胶原基质	活骨能力明显高于对照,两组牙槽嵴隆起变化相似,均适合种植体植入
El-Chaar, 2016^[67]	15% HA /85%β-TCP+贯穿整个产品的不溶性/可溶性胶原链载体	位点保存	无	40.25%活骨,10.38%残余移植物材料和49.25%骨髓出现,100%的种植体骨结合,能克服牙齿拔除后的牙槽骨吸收,保存或恢复天然的牙槽骨轮廓。
Cook, 2013^[68]	70%交联的Ⅰ型牛胶原海绵+表面HA涂布+糖交联Ⅰ型Col可吸收膜	牙槽嵴保存	90%无机牛异种移植材料/10%猪胶原纤维结合+非交联猪Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型Col可吸收双层膜	活骨的百分比显著增加且高于对照组,没有检测到残余的移植材料证实一定的降解性
Trombelli, 2012^[69]	胶原基质中的合成HA(S-HA)	经牙槽嵴内上颌窦提升术	脱蛋白牛骨矿物质(DBBM)	术后6个月窦提升程度(SL)和移植物根尖至种植体根尖的高度(aGH)显著高于对照,术后并发症和术后疼痛/不适有限
Vignesh, 2019^[70]	Col/HA+BMA	颌面部囊性骨缺损	Col/HA	疼痛评分在术后一周、一个月显著低于对照,骨再生较早,但肿胀评分与对照相似