Abstract: [Abstract] Periodontal tissue reconstruction is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement. Application of a force on the crown of the tooth leads to the microcirculation change of periodontal tissue and brief acute inflammation. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells release inflammatory mediators, cytokines, protease, causing the proliferation and differentiation of the cells in the microenvironment, which results in the reconstruction of the local soft and hard tissue. And an orthodontic tooth movement happens. So far, the biological mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement has not been fully elucidated. The current regulatory factors of the orthodontic tooth movement will be discussed in this review.

Key words: Orthodontic tooth movement, Prostaglandin, RANKL OPG, cytokine