Objective Interleukin-17 (IL-17) polymorphisms have been testified by a few studies to be associated with several immune inflammatory disease. The aim of present study was to explore whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-17A (rs2275913) and IL-17F (rs763780) genes were correlated with the susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Chinese Han population. Methods 87 AgP patients and 79 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples, and gene polymorphisms were determined by multiplex SNaPshot technique. Results No significant differences were observed in genotype or allele frequency distributions of IL-17A (rs2275913) and IL-17F (rs763780) between AgP and healthy controls (P≥0.05). However, the A allele frequencies of IL-17A (rs2275913) were significantly higher in AgP patients compared with healthy controls (54.0% vs.42.4%, P=0.034, OR=1.596, 95%CI=1.034-2.463). Conclusion These findings indicate that the IL-17A (rs2275913) polymorphism seemed to be a genetic risk factor of AgP. It suggests that the IL-17A(rs2275913) polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility to AgP in Chinese Han population.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of action of the p27kip1 in intramembranous ossification. Methods: The phenotypes of the mandible were compared between p27kip1 gene knockout (p27-/-) mice and their wild-type littermates at 2 weeks of age by radiograph, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway is analyzed by Western blot. Results: Compared with wild-type mice, the volume and mineral density was increased in the mandibles. Both the alkaline phosphatase positive areas and type I collagen immunopositive areas were increased significantly in the mandibles, whereas protein expression levels of Shh, Patched, Smoothened and Gli2 were up-regulated in mandibles from p27-/- mice compared with those from wild-type mice. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that p27 plays a negative regulatory role in alveolar bone development by inhibiting shh signal pathway and cell proliferation. This study elucidates the role and mechanism of p27 in regulating tooth and mandible development, thus provide experimental and theoretical basis for p27 as a new target for the growth and development of tooth and mandible.

Objective To compare the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) induced by bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) and mineralizing culture medium, and to find out a relatively ideal inducing method. Methods DPSCs cultured with appropriate concentration of BMP-9 were made as BMP-9 group, and those cultured in mineralizing culture medium were made as mineralization medium group. The morphological changes of DPSCs were observed under the inverted phase contrast microscope; MTT was used to test the cell growth curves; a Alizarin red staining was used for detecting the mineralization nodules; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-RCR) was used for detecting the expression of osteogenesis related genes including bone sialoprotein (BSP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), collagen-1 (Col-1) and osteocalcin (OCN). Results The results of MTT showed that BMP-9 and mineralizing culture medium could promote the proliferation of DPSCs, and the promotion of both groups was close to each other. The result of Alizarin red staining showed that mineralization nodules were formed after being induced by BMP-9 or mineralizing culture medium for 28 days, and the number as well as sizes of mineralization nodules in both groups were similar. The expression of osteogenesis related genes in both groups was positive after 14 days’ inducing cultivation, and the expression levels of both groups were close. Conclusion The capabilities of BMP-9 and mineralizing culture medium in inducing DPSCs’ osteogenic differentiation were similar.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) infection on the formation of foam cell derived from THP-1-derived macrophage. Methods In order to induce macrophage differentiation, THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence of 160nmol/L PMA for 48h. And the model of the infection of THP-1-derived macrophage by P.g was established in vitro in the presence of LDL (50μg/mL). The amounts of total cholesterol (TC) and cholesterol ester (CE) were quantified using zymochemistry method at 0h, 6h, and 24 h, respectively. Results After the addition of 160 nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 48 h, THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages for further studies. Incubation of LDL-treated macrophages with P.g caused an increase in CE and TC accumulation. Compared with control group, the P.g infection group had significantly increases the ratio of CE to TC (0.445±0.386, <0.5) (P<0.05). Compared with 0h and 6h, P.g infection group had higher ratio (0.557±0.430) of CE to TC (p<0.05) at 24h. Conclusions Macrophages can be formed with stimulation PMA to THP-1 monocytes after 48h; P.g infection can promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation, which highlights a potential role for P.g in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosidium (TWP) on the cytotoxicity function of mononuclear-macrophagesin vitro acid environment of squamous-cell carcinoma of tongue.Methods MTT assay was used totest the effects on the cytotoxicity of THP-1 monocytes which were interfered by different concentrations of TWP, and co-cultured with Tca8113 cells in vitro acid environments (pH6.6 or 6.8). Results MTT assay showed thatinterfered by different concentrations of TWP and co-cultured with Tca8113 cells for 4h in the identical vitro acidenvironment(pH6.6 or 6.8), the cytotoxicity of THP-1 monocytes increased as the concentration of TWP increased, and was significantly positively related to the concentration of TWP (P＜0.05). The cytotoxicity also increased with time (p＜0.05) at pH6.6 and TWP of 5×10-1μg/ml, which was significantly positively related to time (P＜0.05). Conclusion Cultured in vitro acid environment of squamous-cell carcinoma of tongue, The cytotoxicity function of mononuclear-macrophages interfered by TWP of certain concentrationincreased compared to those with no interference, and presented significantly positive correlations withTWP concentrations and time.

Abstract: Objective By compounding and testing nHA/Mg/chitosan coating, to explore the preparation of a high-quality biodegradable scaffold materials. Methods The nHA/Mg composites were synthesized by powder metallurgy. With ammonium bicarbonate as pore-forming agent, chitosan coating was prepared by immersion method on the surface of nHA/Mg alloy. The composite surface, the morphological structure of cross section, and the surface morphology changed after being soaked in simulated body fluid corrosion were observed by SEM. Results The average porosity of nHA/Mg alloy was 50%, and the pore diameter was 50~120μm. Ammonium bicarbonate was the suitable pore-forming agent, and chitosan coating could significantly improve the material degradation time and PH value, slowing down the corrosion rate of the magnesium alloy. Conclusion The composite material nHA/Mg/chitosan coating was a biodegradable scaffold with porous structure and good corrosion resistance.

Objective To study the effect of Chloride channel blocker NPPB on the proliferation and differentiation of chicken mandibular mesenchymal cells (CMMC). Methods In the study, chicken mandibular mesenchymal cells (CMMC) were isolated and chondrocyte maturation was induced by ascorbic acid and b-glycerophosphate (AA-BGP). The effect of the chloride channel inhibitor NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] on regulation of growth, and changes in Col10、Sox9 and Runx2mRNA genes expressions were observed with MTT and real-time PCR assays. Results NPPB inhibited the growth of the CMMC with/without AA-BGP treatment(P< 0.05). NPPB antagonized expression of typeX collagen and Runx2 (P < 0.05) with/ without AA-BGP treatment, whilst it had no effect on the early chondrocyte differentiation marker Sox9. Conclusion We conclude that chloride channel in CMMC plays an important role in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and plays a major role in the progression of chondrocyte differentiation into hypertrophic cartilage. The data from the current study suggest that maybe chloride channel works in chondrocyte differentiation by regulating the Runx2 level.

Abstract： Objective To study the healing and long-term retention rate of replantation in treatment of avulsion of apical closure of permanent teeth with different fixing methods, fixing time and pulp remove time , root canal filling time. Methods 56 patients were included and 83 apical closure of permanent teeth avulsion were randomly divided into two groups, the conventional treatment groups using traditional treatment, and the improved groups using replantation and fixing for 2-3 weeks. After 2 weeks, the pulp was removed and root canal was filled with VITAPEX (Cataplasm of iodoform calcium hydroxide).1 months later, it was treated by routine root canal therapy. A following-up study of 5 years was carried out then, and the recent and long-term healing and retention were compared. Results The Periodontal ligament healing rate of improved groups was higher than that of the conventional groups after replantation, while the bone adhesion rate and inflammatory absorption rate were lower and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The retention rate of the improved groups was a little higher than the conventional group after 1 and 2.5 years, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05).The retention rate of improved groups(86.50%) was higher than the conventional groups (67.50%) after 5 years, and there was a significant difference(P <0.05).Conclusions The improved methods have better clinical effect on improving the Periodontal ligament healing, reducing the root resorption and improving the long-term efficacy than the conventional methods in the replantation to the apical closure of permanent teeth avulsion.

[Abstract] Objective To compare the accuracy of CBCT scans and digital radiography (DR) for detecting simulated VRF. Methods Twenty-seven teeth of one human skull specimen were extracted out, decoronated and randomly divided into 2 groups. 14 roots were in experimental group and 13 in control group. An awl in root canal was inserted to split up the root to make the vertical fracture model in experimental group. Those in control group were kept intact. Then all teeth were placed back to the skull specimen. CBCT scans and DR were obtained. Two blinded groups of observers evaluated the CBCT and DR images independently to make the diagnosis of fracture. Whether to fracture or not was taken as the gold standard, and the two methods and the consistency of results by the observers were evaluated. Results The sensitivity and specificity of VRF of human specimen diagnosed by the CBCT were 75% and 100%, and those by digital radiography were 60.72% and 84.62%, respectively. The reliability of CBCT (κ=0.743) was higher than that of digital radiography (κ=0.449). The coherence of the two groups of investigators was high with CBCT (κ=0.922) and medium with digital radiography (κ=0.611). Conclusions The results showed higher sensitivity, specificity and reliability for CBCT scans than digital radiography for detecting VRF. The coherence of the observers was higher using CBCT.

Abstract： Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum zinc concentration and recurrent apthous ulcer (RAU) and taste. Methods: From Jan 2013 to Jan 2014, forty patients of RAU were collected as the observation group. Meanwhile, 50 health examinees in our hospital were taken as the control group. The serum zinc concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry，and a taste test for both group. Results: The serum zinc level of observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01). The scores of taste test between observation group and control group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The serum zinc level and the scores of taste test in males were higher than females in each group. Patients with MiRAU had a lower level of serum zinc than patients with MaRAU (P<0.05). The scores of taste test in patients with MiRAU were higher than that in patients with MaRAU (P<0.05). The Pearson correlational analyses showed serum levels of zinc have no relation with age (P>0.05), scores of taste test grows with age (P<0.05), serum zinc levels have no relation with taste scores (P>0.05). Conclusion：The cause of RAU has a relationship with zinc deficiency. The serum zinc level has no reference with taste.

Objective The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate urinary nickel levels, compare with normal physiological nickel index and summarize the dynamic metabolic regularity of systemic nickel for adolescents in the initial period of orthodontic fixed treatment. Methods The subjects were consisted of 15 boys and 16 girls (age range: 10-14 years). Urinary samples were collected before treatment (T0) and at three time points (1 month, 3 months, 6 months, respectively T1, T2, T3) after initial treatment, and stored in a low-temperature freezer until the atomic absorption spectrophotometry was carried on. Results The urinary nickel levels of adolescents could be affected significantly by orthodontic fixed appliances. Genders may be associated with different time points. Urinary nickel levels of T1, T2 and T3 were higher than T0. Though the levels of boys are higher that those of girls, the curve depicted of boys and girls might have a similar dynamic changing trend. Conclusion The urinary nickel levels of adolescents could be affected significantly by orthodontic fixed appliances, and may be associated with sampling time periods and genders, which materials without nickel was suggested for clinical treatment.

Abstract： Objective: The aims of this study was to assess the influence of the orthodontic on patients and parents. Methods： 140 patients were rondmised selected from stomatology of hospital wenzhou medical university and divided into two groups: awaiting treatment group and re-visitor group. Spielberger's 'State and Trait?Anxiety?Inventory' (STAI) were applied to both groups. To compare the two groups and to determine the differences between males and females, independent-sample t-tests were used. Results: Trait?anxiety?levels of parents and state?anxiety?levels of subjects who were about to start?orthodontic?treatment were both high. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion：orthodontic could decrease the patients anxiety level.

Objective　This article was aimed to analyze the influence of different time of force upon orthodontic traction after extracting the supernumerary tooth and provide the traction theory of impacted maxillary central incisor. Methods　After constructing 3-dimensional finite element model of impacted maxillary central incisor, we applied equal forces during different healing periods and analyzed the initial force and displacement of impacted central incisor, periodontal membrane and alveolar bone. Results　As the healing of alveolar bone, both the maximum force of tooth and periodontal membrane and the maximum displacement of alveolar bone decreased, whereas maximum force of alveolar increased. Conclusions　After the elimination of supernumerary tooth, force on the impacted teeth can be applied. But inclination trend of early tooth movement was appearent, so we suggested that the initial force should be smaller which beneficially for the whole movement of the impacted teeth.

To compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of the application of two types of the intermaxillary elastic traction used in the simply mandibular condylar fracture. Methods Patients who suffered from simply mandibular condylar fracture were randomly divided into pulling nail implantation group (group A, 23 patients) and arch splint group (group B, 21 patients). The occlusion relationship, the time of operation and DI, GI, CPITN indexes were tested. Healing efficacy of these two methods, and the difficulty of operation as well as changes of periodontal status of two groups were compared. Results Group A and group B both achieved good clinical efficacy, and the difference in the maximum opening degree and temporomandibular joint between two groups were not statistically significant, but the group B had the advantage of shorter operation time（P<0.05）. The differences in DI, GI, CPITN indexes were statistically significant during and after intermaxillary traction (P<0.05). Conclusion It can be concluded that pulling nail implantation is a new minimally invasive, time-saving, safe and reliable therapy of the simply mandibular condylar fracture. It is worth extending for its clinical application.

PURPOSE: To analyze the knowledge level of tooth avulsion among parents of 12-year-old children in Shanghai. METHODS: By using equal-sized randomly sampling method, this study was carried out on the knowledge level about tooth avulsion of randomly selected 50 parents of children aged 12 years in six districts of Shanghai. 548 parents were involved for a questionnaire survey．Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software package by chi-square test. RESULTS: 3.28% of the parents responded that their children had experienced tooth avulsion in the past. Immediate replantation of the avulsed tooth was suggested by 10.58% of the respondents. Only 6.75% would use milk as storage medium and 38.87% suggested that the avulsed tooth should be treated immediately. 87.96% had never received special education on dental trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Overall assessment of the parents showed a low level of knowledge regarding tooth avulsion. This study revealed the need for educational campaigns aimed at parents to increase their knowledge of the emergency procedures required when a tooth is avulsed.

Objective To analyze the inspection, diagnosis and treatment on the parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma via case reports and literatures. Method To analyze the clinical data of one case that betided from parotid gland and the pathology was diagnosed as primary multifocal and polymorphic patients of malignant pleomorphic adenoma, and to carry out the literature review. Result This primary multifocal and polymorphic parotid gland adenoma was founded in time, two independent pleomorphic adenomas existed in the right parotid gland, and the pathological diagnosis clearly showed that the operation was complete, and the recovery was good. Conclusion The primary multifocal parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma is rarely seen actually, and the selection of the imageological examination before the operation and detailed palpation during the operation and the operational method are of great significance.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and destruction disease caused by periodontal pathogens in the surrounding periodontal tissues.The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17, mainly produced by T cells ,which involved in the occurrence and development of periodontitis and this may be associated with disease severity.In this artical, we will review the inflammatory immune response and the mechanisms of alveolar bone absorption induced by IL-17 to illustrate the current research status of IL - 17 in periodontal disease.

Abstracts: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by either inhibiting translation or by inducing degradation of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Among lots of miRNAs, miR-34a is a kind of miRNAs that is recently discovered and attracts much attention. Current researches on miR-34a mainly focus on its antitumor effect while its role in oral diseases lacks attention. This review argues that miR-34a can inhibit periodontitis inflammatory responses and the invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and it can also promote cytodifferentiation of human dental papilla cells. Besides, current reports of miR-34a in the field of oral medicine are reviewed to lay a foundation for further understanding the roles of miR-34a in oral diseases.

Upper air way is the primary conduit for passage of air into the lungs, whose collapse is closely related to sleep disordered breathing (SDB). This essay is to figure out the mechanism of upper airway regulation to help the diagnosis and treatment of SDB. This essay reviews the advances in upper airway regulation in four aspects: (1) upper airway anatomy, (2) the ability of upper airway dilator muscles to respond to rising intrapharyngeal negative pressure and increasing CO2 during sleep, (3) loop gain (ventilatory control instability), and (4) arousal threshold in response to respiratory stimulation. The treatment prospects of SDB are also discussed.

Dental pulp tissue is loose connective tissue and can produce a series of cascade reaction to repair itself when meet external stimulation. The conservation treatment of vital pulp is becoming a hot spot of dental pulp biology, calcium hydroxide, MTA and composite pulp capping material mainly the capping agent. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) not only can degradate extracellular matrix components but also has close relation with tissue morphogenesis, damage repair, inflammation and other process. Along with the research of MMP3, it reveals its high expression in injured pulp tissue and promote the proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts. Covered MMP3 on dental pulp and it contributed to the formation of hard tissues and angiogenesis, prompting that MMP3 may participate in the repairation of the injured pulp.This will provides a new idea for the development of new bioactive pulp capping material. This paper will make a review about the situation of conservation treatment of pulp and research progress of MMP 3 in the vital pulp conservation treatment

The condylar cartilage in TMJ (temporomandibular joint) stress sensitive area is closely related to the growth and remodeling of the mandible. Under stress, condylar cartilage can respond to mechanical stimuli, thereby contributing to the proliferation and differentiation of condylar cartilage cells. IGF (insulin-like growth factor) -Ⅰ plays an important part in the growth and development of the condylar cartilage, and has a biological effect by binding itself to receptors. Meanwhile, IGF-Ⅰ under stress stimuli will lead to the synthesis of condylar cartilages and is involved in condylar remodeling. This article focused on IGF-Ⅰ and its relevant performance in the temporomandibular joint under stress, so as to further clarify the mechanism of IGF-Ⅰ in temporomandibular joint cartilage under stress.

[Abstract] Periodontal tissue reconstruction is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement. Application of a force on the crown of the tooth leads to the microcirculation change of periodontal tissue and brief acute inflammation. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells release inflammatory mediators, cytokines, protease, causing the proliferation and differentiation of the cells in the microenvironment, which results in the reconstruction of the local soft and hard tissue. And an orthodontic tooth movement happens. So far, the biological mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement has not been fully elucidated. The current regulatory factors of the orthodontic tooth movement will be discussed in this review.