Abstract:

Tooth agenesis refers to the congenital absence of teeth resulting from genetic and environmental factors. As one of the most prevalent congenital oral disorders, its clinical diagnosis is primarily based on clinical oral examination and radiographic imaging. Tooth agenesis, especially oligodontia and anodontia, seriously affects patients’ masticatory function, maxillofacial development, and mental health. Due to its long treatment process and high cost, it imposes severe psychological and financial burdens on patients. This article systematically reviews the diagnostic criteria, etiological mechanisms, and clinical features of tooth agenesis, with a focus on elaborating the multidisciplinary treatment strategy. During childhood, treatment primarily involves removable denture, emphasizing the protection of deciduous teeth and functional guidance. In adolescence, orthodontic treatment is used to adjust occlusion and optimize the space, laying a foundation for subsequent restoration. And in adulthood, utilizes various restorative approaches centered on implant-supported prostheses are utilized to ultimately achieve the dual restoration of function and aesthetics. In addition, we emphasize the current technical challenges and explore the application prospects of digital technology and regenerative medicine, aiming to provide references for developing personalized clinical treatment plans.

Key words: tooth agenesis, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, multi-disciplinary treatment, implant prosthodontics