Stomatology ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 481-487.doi: 10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.07.001
• Review and Commentary • Next Articles
LI Mengyuan1, LIU Jie2, ZHANG Yuerong1, JIANG Fei1, ZHANG Guangdong1()
Received:
2025-04-26
Online:
2025-07-28
Published:
2025-07-24
CLC Number:
LI Mengyuan, LIU Jie, ZHANG Yuerong, JIANG Fei, ZHANG Guangdong. Overview of technical advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pulp and periapical diseases[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(7): 481-487.
[1] | Versiani MA, Martins J, Ordinola-Zapata R. Anatomical complexities affecting root canal preparation: A narrative review[J]. Aust Dent J, 2023, 68(Suppl 1): S5-S23. |
[2] |
Patel S, Brown J, Pimentel T, et al. Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics: A review of the literature[J]. Int Endod J, 2019, 52(8): 1138-1152.
doi: 10.1111/iej.13115 pmid: 30868610 |
[3] | Tay KX, Lim LZ, Goh BKC, et al. Influence of cone beam computed tomography on endodontic treatment planning: A systematic review[J]. J Dent, 2022, 127: 104353. |
[4] | Cotti E, Schirru E. Present status and future directions: Imaging techniques for the detection of periapical lesions[J]. Int Endod J, 2022, 55(Suppl 4): 1085-1099. |
[5] |
El-Kateb NM, El-Backly RN, Amin WM, et al. Quantitative assessment of intracanal regenerated tissues after regenerative endodontic procedures in mature teeth using magnetic resonance imaging: A randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. J Endod, 2020, 46(5): 563-574.
doi: S0099-2399(20)30080-7 pmid: 32173020 |
[6] | Yoshii S, Fujimoto M, Okuda M, et al. evaluation of a novel root canal endoscope for visualizing the apex of curved root canal models and an extracted tooth[J]. J Endod, 2018, 44(12): 1856-1861. |
[7] |
Kalyoncuoğlu E, Keskin C, Keleş AL, et al. Efficacy of endoscope and periapical radiography to detect residual root canal filling using micro-CT as reference[J]. J Endod, 2023, 49(2): 212-218.
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.014 pmid: 36572378 |
[8] | 姜葳, 梁景平. 牙髓根尖周病的诊断技术进展概述[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2022, 57(3): 227-232. |
[9] |
Ghouth N, Duggal MS, BaniHani A, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of laser Doppler flowmetry in assessing pulp blood flow in permanent teeth: A systematic review[J]. Dent Traumatol, 2018, 34(5): 311-319.
doi: 10.1111/edt.12424 pmid: 29953720 |
[10] |
Yang K, Guo FF, Zhou ZF, et al. Laser Doppler flowmetry to detect pulp vitality, clinical reference range and coincidence rate for pulpal blood flow in permanent maxillary incisors in Chinese children: A clinical study[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2023, 23(1): 283.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02747-z pmid: 37173683 |
[11] |
Dzeletovic B, Stratimirovic DJ, Stojic D, et al. Linear and nonlinear analysis of dental pulp blood flow oscillations in ageing[J]. Int Endod J, 2020, 53(8): 1033-1039.
doi: 10.1111/iej.13306 pmid: 32281658 |
[12] |
Stella JPF, Barletta FB, Giovanella LB, et al. Oxygen saturation in dental pulp of permanent teeth: Difference between children/adolescents and adults[J]. J Endod, 2015, 41(9): 1445-1449.
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.024 pmid: 26093471 |
[13] |
Yang JH, Liu ZY, Chen Z, et al. Application of oxygen saturation test after replantation of avulsed immature permanent teeth: A prospective observational study[J]. J Endod, 2024, 50(7): 954-961.
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.04.003 pmid: 38604473 |
[14] |
Dindaroğlu FÇ, Güngör NÖ. Comparison of the vitality test with sensitivity tests in mature and immature teeth: Clinical trial[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1): 613.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04317-3 pmid: 38802767 |
[15] |
Fontenele RC, Jacobs R. Unveiling the power of artificial intelligence for image-based diagnosis and treatment in endodontics: An ally or adversary?[J]. Int Endod J, 2025, 58(2): 155-170.
doi: 10.1111/iej.14163 pmid: 39526945 |
[16] | Mohammad-Rahimi H, Sohrabniya F, Ourang SA, et al. Artificial intelligence in endodontics: Data preparation, clinical applications, ethical considerations, limitations, and future directions[J]. Int Endod J, 2024, 57(11): 1566-1595. |
[17] | Asgary S. Artificial intelligence in endodontics: A scoping review[J]. Iran Endod J, 2024, 19(2): 85-98. |
[18] | Nawal RR, Yadav S, Duncan HF, et al. Discriminatory performance of the pulpal inflammatory biomarkers;Interleukin-8 and TNF-α in patients with symptoms indicative of reversible and irreversible pulpitis: A diagnostic accuracy study[J]. Int Endod J, 2024, 57(9): 1200-1211. |
[19] | Sabeti MA, Nikghalb KD, Pakzad R, et al. Expression of selected inflammatory mediators with different clinical characteristics of pulpal inflammation[J]. J Endod, 2024, 50(3): 336-343. |
[20] | Zhao Y, Song LT, Li MC, et al. Injectable CNPs/DMP1-loaded self-assembly hydrogel regulating inflammation of dental pulp stem cells for dentin regeneration[J]. Mater Today Bio, 2024, 24: 100907. |
[21] |
Salem EM, Abdelfatah OM, Hanafy RA, et al. Comparative study of pulpal response following direct pulp capping using synthesized fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2025, 25(1): 17.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05285-4 pmid: 39754111 |
[22] |
Zhang L, Lin C, Chen Z, et al. Expert consensus on pulpotomy in the management of mature permanent teeth with pulpitis[J]. Int J Oral Sci, 2025, 17(1): 4.
doi: 10.1038/s41368-024-00333-9 pmid: 39762213 |
[23] | Takahashi Y, Okamoto M, Komichi S, et al. Application of a direct pulp capping cement containing S-PRG filler[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2019, 23(4): 1723-1731. |
[24] | Wang JH, Chen YJ, Zhang BZ, et al. Clinical efficacy of Er: YAG laser application in pulpotomy of primary molars: A 2-year follow-up study[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2022, 37(9): 3705-3712. |
[25] | Connert T, Weiger R, Krastl G. Present status and future directions-Guided endodontics[J]. Int Endod J, 2022, 55(S4): 995-1002. |
[26] | Fernández-Grisales R, Rojas-Gutierrez WJ, Mejía P, et al. Guided endodontics, precision and predictability: A case series of mineralized anterior teeth with follow-up cone-beam computed tomography[J]. Restor Dent Endod, 2025, 50(1): e4. |
[27] |
Llaquet Pujol M, Vidal C, Mercadé M, et al. Guided endodontics for managing severely calcified canals[J]. J Endod, 2021, 47(2): 315-321.
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.026 pmid: 33278454 |
[28] | Fonseca Tavares WL, de Oliveira Murta Pedrosa N, Moreira RA, et al. Limitations and management of static-guided endodontics failure[J]. J Endod, 2022, 48(2): 273-279. |
[29] | Huth KC, Borkowski L, Liebermann A, et al. Comparing accuracy in guided endodontics: Dynamic real-time navigation, static guides, and manual approaches for access cavity preparation: An study using 3D printed teeth[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2024, 28(4): 212. |
[30] | Yang XX, Zhang YC, Chen X, et al. Limitations and management of dynamic navigation system for locating calcified canals failure[J]. J Endod, 2024, 50(1): 96-105. |
[31] | 杜宇, 韦曦, 凌均棨. 动静态导航技术在牙髓根尖周病治疗中的应用及展望[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2022, 57(1): 23-30. |
[32] |
Versiani MA, Alves FF, Andrade-Junior CV, et al. Micro-CT evaluation of the efficacy of hard-tissue removal from the root canal and isthmus area by positive and negative pressure irrigation systems[J]. Int Endod J, 2016, 49(11): 1079-1087.
doi: 10.1111/iej.12559 pmid: 26459183 |
[33] | Ng WNI, Marruganti C, Grandini S, et al. Root canal debridement by negative pressure irrigation, ultrasonically activated irrigation and their combination[J]. J Oral Sci, 2021, 63(3): 286-288. |
[34] | Mancini M, Cerroni L, Palopoli P, et al. FESEM evaluation of smear layer removal from conservatively shaped canals: Laser activated irrigation(PIPS and SWEEPS)compared to sonic and passive ultrasonic activation: An ex vivo study[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2021, 21(1): 81. |
[35] |
Liu JY, Watanabe S, Mochizuki S, et al. Comparison of vapor bubble kinetics and cleaning efficacy of different root canal irrigation techniques in the apical area beyond the fractured instrument[J]. J Dent Sci, 2023, 18(3): 1141-1147.
doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.032 pmid: 37404607 |
[36] | Abat VH, Bayrak GD, Gündoğar M. Assessment of apical extrusion in regenerative endodontics: A comparative study of different irrigation methods using three-dimensional immature tooth models[J]. Odontology, 2025, 113(1): 213-221. |
[37] | Rödig T, Westbomke V, Haupt F, et al. Effect of preparation size on the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris from the mesial root canal system of mandibular molars using SWEEPS technology[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2023, 27(6): 2787-2796. |
[38] |
Erkan EH, Gündoğar M, Uslu G, et al. Postoperative pain after SWEEPS, PIPS, sonic and ultrasonic-assisted irrigation activation techniques: A randomized clinical trial[J]. Odontology, 2022, 110(4): 786-794.
doi: 10.1007/s10266-022-00700-0 pmid: 35267110 |
[39] | Bao PP, Liu H, Yang L, et al. efficacy of Er: YAG laser-activated irrigation versus passive ultrasonic irrigation and sonic-powered irrigation for treating multispecies biofilms in artificial grooves and dentinal tubules: An SEM and CLSM study[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1): 261. |
[40] | Liu CH, Li Q, Yue L, et al. Evaluation of sonic, ultrasonic, and laser irrigation activation systems to eliminate bacteria from the dentinal tubules of the root canal system[J]. J Appl Oral Sci, 2022, 30: e20220199. |
[41] | Huynh A, Poly A, Yamaguchi M, et al. Efficacy of laser activated versus sonic activated irrigation for debris removal in conservatively instrumented root canals[J]. J Endod, 2025, 51(3): 332-339. |
[42] | Alkhudhairy F. Canal disinfection using Nd: YAG Laser, synchronized microbubble-photodynamic activation, and carbon quantum dots on microhardness, smear layer removal, and extrusion bond strength of zirconia post to canal dentin. An in vitro scanning electron microscopic analysis[J]. Microsc Res Tech, 2024, 87(9): 2043-2052. |
[43] | Teed C, Hussein H, Kishen A. Synchronized microbubble photodynamic activation to disinfect minimally prepared root canals[J]. J Endod, 2023, 49(2): 198-204. |
[44] | Wang YY, Fang LX, Wang PL, et al. Antibacterial effects of silica nanoparticles loading nano-silver and chlorhexidine in root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis[J]. J Endod, 2025, 51(1): 54-63. |
[45] |
El-Fiqi A, Mandakhbayar N, Jo SB, et al. Nanotherapeutics for regeneration of degenerated tissue infected by bacteria through the multiple delivery of bioactive ions and growth factor with antibacterial/angiogenic and osteogenic/odontogenic capacity[J]. Bioact Mater, 2021, 6(1): 123-136.
doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.07.010 pmid: 32817919 |
[46] | Promta P, Chaiyosang P, Panya A, et al. The evaluation of anti-osteoclastic activity of the novel calcium hydroxide biodegradable nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament[J]. J Endod, 2024, 50(5): 667-673. |
[47] | Babeer A, Bukhari S, Alrehaili R, et al. Microrobotics in endodontics: A perspective[J]. Int Endod J, 2024, 57(7): 861-871. |
[48] | Babeer A, Oh MJ, Ren Z, et al. Microrobotics for precision biofilm diagnostics and treatment[J]. J Dent Res, 2022, 101(9): 1009-1014. |
[49] | 刘斌, 梁景平. 牙髓再生的临床应用与未来[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2020, 55(1): 50-55. |
[50] | 黄定明, 杨懋彬, 周学东. 牙髓再生治疗的临床操作管理及疗效评价[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2019, 54(9): 584-588,589,590. |
[51] | Murray PE. Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification,pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth[J]. Int Endod J, 2023, 56(Suppl 2): 188-199. |
[52] | Xuan K, Li B, Guo H, et al. Deciduous autologous tooth stem cells regenerate dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2018, 10(455): eaaf3227. |
[53] |
Meza G, Urrejola D, Saint Jean N, et al. Personalized cell therapy for pulpitis using autologous dental pulp stem cells and leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin: A case report[J]. J Endod, 2019, 45(2): 144-149.
doi: S0099-2399(18)30796-9 pmid: 30711169 |
[54] |
Brizuela C, Meza G, Khoury M. Revolutionizing endodontics: Innovative approaches for treating mature teeth with closed apices and apical lesions: A report of two cases[J]. J Endod, 2024, 50(5): 596-601.
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.02.012 pmid: 38387795 |
[55] |
Gomez-Sosa JF, Cardier JE, Wittig O, et al. Allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation induces dentin pulp complex-like formation in immature teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis[J]. J Endod, 2024, 50(4): 483-492.
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.002 pmid: 38237659 |
[56] | Noohi P, Abdekhodaie MJ, Saadatmand M, et al. The develop-ment of a dental light curable PRFe-loaded hydrogel as a potential scaffold for pulp-dentine complex regeneration: An study[J]. Int Endod J, 2023, 56(4): 447-464. |
[57] |
Wang H, Xu X, Bian Z, et al. Expert consensus on apical microsurgery[J]. Int J Oral Sci, 2025, 17(1): 2.
doi: 10.1038/s41368-024-00334-8 pmid: 39743567 |
[58] | 张银春, 杨晓霞, 陈璇, 等. 实时动态导航技术辅助下显微根尖手术1例[J]. 实用口腔医学杂志, 2024, 40(5): 720-722. |
[1] | ZHOU Xing’an, DELEHEI Bateer, WU Xu, MA Hongyu, XIA Fengjun, SHEN Tiebing, SHANG Duo. Research progress of tumor-derived exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(6): 465-469. |
[2] | TAO Nannan, LI Wenlei, CHEN Xing, SONG Weijian, ZHOU Hongyan. A clinical analysis of three methods for repairing deciduous molars [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(5): 367-370. |
[3] | HUANG Shuhui, ZHU Zhu, WANG Yunyi, XU Yuyue, LI Jing, YU Gang, ZHANG Feng. Progress in the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial fractures [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(5): 386-393. |
[4] | LI Jinpeng, JIANG Yinhua. Progress of research on the correlation between adenoid hypertrophy and malocclusion in children [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(4): 311-316. |
[5] | CHEN Yue, SUN Xueqian, CHEN Minmin. Research progress of lncRNA UCA1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(4): 317-320. |
[6] | CHEN Xu, LI Lu, WANG Xiaoqian, WANG Tianyao, XU Yan. Progress of diagnosis and treatment decisions in stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(1): 13-17. |
[7] | BAO Jiaqi, WANG Zhongxiu, FENG Yimiao, LEI Lihong, CHEN Lili. Management of periodontal hard tissue related complications in orthodontic treatment [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(1): 37-44. |
[8] | ZHOU Yue, TANG Zhenxing, LI Yu. Molar anchorage loss and its influencing factors in orthodontic cases with premolar extraction [J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(1): 64-68. |
[9] | WANG Pan, LYU Jiong, ZHU Huiyong. Research progress of reversing treatment resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by targeting lipid metabolism [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(9): 705-709. |
[10] | ZHAO Tingting, HE Hong. Clinical pathway for the treatment of malocclusion in children with OSA [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(8): 561-564. |
[11] | PU Panjun, ZHAO Huaxiang, MOU Qingnan, LIANG Rong, HOU Yuxia. Sequential treatment of maxillary retraction in cleft lip and palate [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(8): 570-575. |
[12] | LIU Anqi, XIA Lunguo. Digital early intervention and multi-disciplinary treatment with malocclusion [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(8): 576-580. |
[13] | LIU Hongyan, ZHENG Siyi, WEI Xi. New advances in vital pulp therapy for the treatment of irreversible pulpitis: From biological basic to clinical perspective [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(6): 401-407. |
[14] | SONG Ye, REN Yinting, ZHANG Yihan, HAN Jingying. The effect of different tooth extraction patterns on Bolton index and occlusal relationship of skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(5): 334-337. |
[15] | GUO Kai, HAN Xinying, MA Haojie, LIU Lijuan, YANG Fanghong. One case of double-stage orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class Ⅱ combined with impacted teeth [J]. Stomatology, 2024, 44(5): 338-343. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||