Abstract:

MXene nanomaterials, as emerging two-dimensional materials with exceptional physicochemical characteristics, have garnered significant attention in biomedical research owing to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties as well as their biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and antimicrobial properties. Emerging evidence highlights MXene’s groundbreaking immunomodulatory potential by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulating the immune microenvironment, and targeting immune cell functions (e. g., macrophage polarization, dendritic cell activation, T cell differentiation, and neutrophil function). The immunomodulatory properties of MXene have demonstrated promising applications in various biomedical fields such as cancer therapy, bone defect repair, wound healing, antiviral infection, stem cell transplantation, and neural interface construction. In this paper, the immunomodulatory mechanism of MXene nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical fields are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed emphasizing the molecular mechanism of MXene’s interaction with immune cells and optimization of its biomedical properties.

Key words: MXene, nanomaterials, immunomodulatory, cancer therapy, bone tissue engineering, wound healing, stem cell transplantation