Objective To explore the diagnostic value of the radiomic model based on panoramic radiographs in differentiating single or multiple root canals in mandibular first premolars. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 patients with CBCT and panoramic radiographs from the affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between July 2022 and November 2023. One hundred and thirty one mandibular first premolars (105 single-root and 26 multiple-root canals) were included in this study. Using stratified random sampling, the mandibular first premolars were divided into a training cohort (104 teeth) and a test cohort (27 teeth) at a ratio of 8∶2. CBCT was used to confirm the root canal configuration, and radiomic features were extracted from panoramic radiographs. After feature screening, radiomic models were constructed using extratrees, LightGBM, logistic regression(LR), multi-layer perceptron(MLP), random forest, support vector machine(SVM), and XGBoost. The optimal radiomic model was selected based on receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV), and decision curve analysis(DCA). Results A total of 107 radiomicfeatures were extracted from panoramic radiographs. After feature filtering, 4 radiomic features were ultimately selected using the Lasso model. The XGBoost model showed higher predictive efficiency and stability, with an AUC of 0.962 in the training cohort and 0.770 in the test cohort. DCA curves also indicated that the XGBoost model was optimal. Conclusion The radiomic model based on panoramic radiographs demonstrates good performance in differentiating single or multiple root canals in mandibular first premolars.

Objective To explore and summarize the locations, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial region(FBOMR)among patients treated in our hospital, providing clinical insights and references for the prevention and management of FBOMR. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 17 FBOMR patients hospitalized in our hospital from May 2022 to May 2024. The demographic information, etiology of injury, characteristics of foreign bodies, extraction methods, surgical duration, complications, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Differences in treatment strategies among patients with varying injury patterns were compared. Results The average age of the 17 FBOMR patients was (45.71±18.19) years old, with a male to female ratio of 1∶0.7. Etiological analysis revealed: iatrogenic causes(58.82%, 10/17), occupational exposure(23.53%, 4/17), and accidental injuries(17.65%, 3/17). Secondary infections occurred in 64.71%(11/17)of cases during foreign body retention. All cases underwent successful surgical removal, with the following approaches: conventional surgery(64.71%, 11/17), computer navigation-assisted surgery(29.41%, 5/17), and endoscope-assisted surgery(5.88%, 1/17). Compared to the conventional group, computer navigation-assisted surgery significantly reduced intraoperative trauma(P<0.05). Conclusion Retained FBOMR poses serious risks to patients’physical and mental health. Surgical intervention remains the gold standard for clinical management. Precise three-dimensional localization and minimally invasive techniques, such as computer-assisted navigation and endoscopy, are recommended to minimize tissue damage and improve outcomes.

Objective To screen the differential expression profile of circ_RNA in OSCC and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of circ_PVT1 on OSCC carcinogenesis. Methods The transcripts of 3 cases of OSCC and normal tissues were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing using circ_RNA expression profile chip, and the differential gene expression profiles were screened, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. The expression level of PVT1 in OSCC tissues, human normal oral mucosal cells and OSCC cells was detected by qRT-PCR. The effect of PVT1 on the biological behavior of SCC-25 and SCC-9 cells was evaluated by MTT experiment, Transwell experiment and flow cytometry. The effect of PVT1 on the expression of key proteins in the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway was evaluated by Western blot. The relationship between the expression of PVT1 and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients was further studied. Results A total of 403 differentially expressed circ_RNAs were screened by the chip, and the differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways related to cancer progression. PVT1 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells. Silencing PVT1 expression could inhibit the activation of the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle of SCC-25 and SCC-9 cells and promoting apoptosis. PVT1 expression was only associated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in patients, and those with high expression had a shorter PFS. Conclusion PVT1 promotes the progression of OSCC by regulating the activation of Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. The research results provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of iRoot BP Plus on the repair of dental pulp cavity during pulp injury in rats, and to explore the possible role of iRoot BP Plus in the process of damage repair. Methods Bilateral maxillary first molars of 60 8-week-old SD rats were treated with direct pulp capping after pulp opening. They were divided into iRoot BP Plus group(BP group)and control group. After histological processing, the damage of dental pulp tissue and the calcification of pulp cavities were observed by microCT and HE staining. mRNA was extracted from rat dental pulp tissue, and the expression of inflammation and mineralization genes were detected by real-time quantitatitive PCR. Results The results of this study showed that the dental pulp tissue had different degrees of calcification at 1, 4 and 7 days after direct pulp capping. There was no significant difference between the BP group and the control group on the 1st day after the operation, but on the 4th and 7th day after the operation, a regular calcified bridge was formed at the pulp hole in the BP group, and more pulp tissue was retained in the pulp cavity. In the control group, a large area of irregular calcified tissue was formed below the pulp hole. HE staining results showed that the pulp tissue had a heavy inflammatory response, and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated near the pulp orifice on the first day after the operation. On the 4th and 7th days after the operation, mineralized tissue began to form near the pulp orifice in the BP group, and healthier pulp tissue was retained in the pulp cavity. The gene levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the BP group were lower than those in the control group, and the gene expression levels of mineralization indexes COL1 and DSPP were higher than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Dental pulp injury can induce the immune defense response. If the inflammation is not well controlled, it will stimulate the calcification of dental pulp cavities. iRoot BP Plus can better regulate the dental pulp microenvironment, control the development of inflammation, reduce the formation of adverse calcified masses in the pulp cavity after pulp injury, and preserve more pulp tissue.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of bergaptenand its inhibition of bone resorption in the treatment of periodontitis, as well as its potential underlying mechanisms. Methods A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(control group, model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose bergapten groups, with 7 rats in each group). Except for the control group, periodontitis was induced in all other groups by orthodontic ligation of the bilateral maxillary first molars(M1) and feeding a high-sugar diet. After successful modeling, the control and model groups received gavage of isotonic saline, while the bergapten groups received gavage of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bergapten, respectively, once daily for 4 consecutive weeks. Periodontal symptoms were observed, and GI, SBI grades, and PLI scores were recorded. Rats were sacrificed within 24 hours after the last administration, and their maxillae were immediately subjected to Micro-CT scanning to assess alveolar bone resorption. Histopathological changes in the periodontal tissues were observed using HE staining, and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-6 and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-1β, GI, SBI grades, PLI scores, and CEJ-ABC distance, while bone volume to total volume ratio(BV/TV), trabecular number(Tb. N), and trabecular thickness(Tb. Th) were significantly reduced(P<0.001). In comparison to the model group, the bergapten groups(with the exception of the low-dose group for IL-6)demonstrated reductions in IL-6, IL-1β levels, GI, SBI grades, PLI scores, and CEJ-ABC distance, with the medium-dose group showing the most pronounced effect(except for IL-6). Conclusion Bergapten can effectively prevent and treat periodontitis by inhibiting the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β cytokines, achieving anti-inflammatory effects and inhibiting bone resorption.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of implant-anchored retraction and intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth under different force systems using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA), by constructing models simulating both normal periodontium and mild alveolar bone resorption. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from a patient with skeletal protrusion and gummy smile was utilized. 3D finite element models integrating micro-implants anchorage(MIA) and a straight-wire appliance for en-mass retraction of maxillary anterior teeth were established using Mimics, Geomagic, SolidWorks, and Ansys software. Six experimental groups were designed based on alveolar bone height and vertical positioning of posterior MIA. Groups A1, A2, A3:Normal alveolar bone height. Groups B1, B2, B3: Mild alveolar bone resorption. Posterior MIA were placed between the first molar and second premolar at vertical heights of 4, 6, and 8 mm (relative to the cementoenamel junction), respectively, each loaded with 200 g retraction force. Anterior MIA between the central and lateral incisors delivered 50 g intrusion force. Stress distribution, anterior tooth displacement patterns, and torque changes were analyzed and compared across all groups. Results Under varying force conditions, greater torque loss was observed in the anterior teeth of the mild alveolar bone resorption group compared to the periodontally healthy group. Differential displacement patterns emerged among central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines when posterior MIA were placed at different vertical heights. The center of resistance in the resorption group shifted apically, resulting in undesirable extrusion and compromised torque control during intrusion-retraction of maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion Anterior torque control is more challenging in the alveolar bone resorption group than in the periodontally normal group. Elevating posterior MIA height promotes bodily movement of central incisors, thereby mitigating the "bowing effect" to a clinically relevant extent.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the distribution and differences of oral behavior among patients with acute and chronic painassociated with temporomandibular disorders(TMD). Methods A total of 212 patients with pain TMD in West China Hospital of Stomatology completed oral behaviors checklist(OBC). SPSS statistical software was used to analyze all the data. Results The patients with pain-related TMD had specific oral behaviors, such as “pressure on the jaw during sleep”(49.5%), “unilateral chewing”(49.5%), “upper and lower teeth contact when not eating”(37.7%), etc. Scores of “upper and lower teeth contact when not eating” and “muscle tension when teeth are not clenched or teeth are not in contact” in patients with chronic pain TMD were higher than those of acute patients, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The total OBC scores and daytime OBC scores of chronic pain TMD patients were higher than those of acute pain patients, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in OBC scores of patients with acute and chronic pain TMD during sleep(P>0.05). Conclusion Pain-related TMD patients had specific oral behaviors, and patients with chronic pain TMD exhibited higher levels of total OBC, daytime OBC, “upper and lower teeth contact when not eating” and “muscle tension when teeth do not bite or teeth are not in contact” oral behavior than acute pain TMD patients. In the treatment of patients with painful TMD, correcting the patient’s bad oral behavior can help the treatment of pain-related TMD.

Dental implant surgery, an established practice, has been widely used in patients with dentition defect. Dental implantation-induced osteomyelitis of the jaw is a rare complication. Osteomyelitis of the jaw is an inflammatory change of the jaw caused by bacterial infection or other physical and chemical factors involving the whole bone tissue, such as periosteum, blood vessels and nerves in the medullary cavity, etc. Due to protracted course and complicated treatment of the disease, the consequences will be serious if not swiftly managed. Here, an unusual case of severe mandibular osteomyelitis following mandibular implant surgery is reported. Also, related literature is reviewed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and management as to highlight the understanding of this complication and provide reference for clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Periodontitis is closely associated with various systemic diseases, and emerging studies have reported its promotive effect on gastrointestinal tumors. Periodontal pathogens can ectopically colonize tumor sites in the gastrointestinal system, directly regulate tumor cells, shape a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, and modulate immune responses, thereby promoting tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes the research progress of periodontal pathogens in promoting gastrointestinal tumors, aiming to elucidate their underlying mechanisms and provide insights for translational research and clinical applications.

Periodontitis is a common chronic infectious disease resulting from the interaction between oral microorganisms and the host’s immune system. The immune system plays a dual role in regulating inflammation. Macrophages, as a component of innate immunity, play a crucial role in both the onset and resolution of periodontitis. This article reviews the role of macrophages in periodontitis and the recent advances in targeting macrophages for the treatment of periodontitis.

Biomimetic wet-adhesive hydrogels mimic the adhesive properties of biological organisms to achieve strong bonding in moist environments. Compared to conventional medical adhesives, these materials are characterized by enhanced biocompatibility, robust adhesion, and adjustable physicochemical properties. Although biomimetic wet-adhesive hydrogels have been applied in oral mucosal drug delivery, intraoral wound management, and implant surgery, a systematic review is currently lacking. This article aims to summarize the wet-adhesion mechanisms of bio-inspired materials and their applications in various scenarios and to provide insights and methodologies for the design of novel intraoral dressings.

Machine learning, as a core branch of artificial intelligence, has gradually demonstrated significant potential in the field of dentition defect repair in recent years. By employing techniques such as data mining and pattern recognition, machine learning has been applied in various aspects including oral implant restoration, fixed bridge design, and fabrication of removable partial dentures. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive review of machine learning applications within the aforementioned three aspects. It endeavors to assess the current developmental landscape and chart a course for future investigative endeavors, in hopes of offering a reference for research on machine learning in prosthodontics.

Glucocorticoids possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, rendering them a common therapeutic option for oral mucosal diseases. The mechanisms of glucocorticoid action are diverse, encompassing both genomic and non-genomic effects. Given the ubiquitous presence of glucocorticoid receptors in nearly all human cells, their impact is widespread. While the efficacy of glucocorticoids is evident, prolonged or high-dose administration can lead to various adverse effects. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of action and adverse reactions of glucocorticoids, master the indications and dosage of glucocorticoids in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases, and apply glucocorticoids correctly and reasonably in the diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal diseases. At the same time, it is important to monitor the adverse reactions after medication and deal with them timely to ensure the safety of medication for patients.