Abstract: Major changes are taking place in the oral implant therapy as a result of the rapid development of new digital technologies. In fact a lot of dental implant treatments that were previously manual tasks can be finished digitally and potentially more precise and quicker now. The aim of this study is to introduce the clinical application of digital technologies in oral implantology. Both advantages and limitations of current digital approaches to planning and implementing implant-supported restorations are listed and the future development is discussed in detail.

Objective: To investigate the combined effects ofexogenous dextranase(Dex) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on the mature biofilm and exopolysaccharide productionof S. Mutansin different sucrose concentration medium.Materials and Methods：1)Establish S. mutansmaturemonospecies biofilm in vitro and measure the dry-weight of the biofilms. 2) The exopolysaccharide in mature biofilms labeled with 14C and were determined by means of scintillation counting; 3) The structure of the mature biofilm was detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results:1)Thedry-weight of S. mutansmature biofilmsreduced after treated with Dex and NaF (p<0.05). 2) Combined use of Dex and NaFcould decrease the exopolysaccharideproduction(p<0.05). 3) Dex and NaFcould destroy the mature S. mutans biofilms(p<0.05). 4) The effect of Dex and NaF on biofilms and exopolysaccharidestrengthened with the increase of sucrose concentration. Conclusions: The combined use of Dex and NaFcould significantly destroy S. mutans mature biofilms and decrease the exopolysaccharideproduction, and their effects had positive relation with the medium sucrose concentration.

Abstract : Objective To observe the effect of mechanical stimulation on the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro. Methods Isolation and culture of human periodontal ligament cells by enzymatic digestion. Monoclonal method was used to separate hPDLSCs. The surface marker of hPDLSCs was detected by flow cytometry. Crystal violet staining was used to observe the cell clones of hPDLSCs, and then induced into osteoblast and adipose cells. The potential differentiation was identified by Alizarin red and oil red O staining. Cyclic hydrostatic pressure was performed on hPDLSCs using independently developed mechanical loading device, the pressure is 0~120kPa and the frequency of load is 0.1Hz, and cells were treated with pressure 1h/d for consecutive 7 days. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ ( PPAR-γ), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Scleraxis and Cementum Protein 1( CEMP1) were measured by Real-time PCR. Results The hPDLSC obtained by the limited dilution were positive for CD90 (95.2%), CD105 (95.5%) and negative for CD45 (1.3%), CD34 (1.36%). Single colonies were observed after crystal violet staining. Alizarin red-positive mineral deposits and Oil Red O-positive cells indicated the cultured cells have osteogenic and adipogenic potential. After mechanical stimulation, the expression of Scleraxis was significantly higher than that in control group, whereas the expression of PPAR-γ, Runx2 and CEMP1 had no significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusion Cyclic hydrostatic pressure could maintain the potentials of hPDLSCs for periodontal ligament fibroblasts differentiation.

Abstract：　Objective　To investigate the immunoregulation mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide in lichen planus. Methods　 OLP inflammatory model was established by LPS stimulating HaCaT cells, and then the mRNA expressions of NF-κBP65,TLR-4,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 were detected by RT-PCR after APS treatment of HaCaT cells.The cell growth inhibition rate was detected by MTT assay. Results　 In vitro OLP inflammation model, the mRNA expressions of NF-κBP65, TLR-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were significantly decreased. The mRNA expressions of TLR-4 and IL-1βin in 6h were the lowest, the mRNA expressions of NF-κBP65, TNF-α, IL-6 mRNA in 24h were the lowest (P<0.001). What inhibited cell growth most obviously was 25μg/mlAPS treated cells for 24h .Conclusions　APS may inhibit the activation of TLR-4 to regulate the expression of NF-κB, and may also inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors through other signaling pathways, then ultimately alleviate the OLP inflammatory response and mucosal damage.

Abstract: Objective To study the effect of staurosporine (ST) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL27 and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods After CAL27 cells were treated with different concentrations of ST for different durations, cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 method, cell apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and flow cytometry, cell cycle distribution was investigated by flow cytometry, and expression of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 proteins was detected by Western blot. Results ST significantly inhibited the proliferation of CAL27 cells (P < 0.05) in a dose- dependent manner and the apoptosis rate of CAL27 cells treated with ST increased significantly compared with the controlled cells (P < 0.05). Treatment with ST induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase (P < 0.05). Moreover, ST treatment significantly decreased the expression of cyclin D1 、Cdk4 and Cdk6 proteins and increased the expression of P21 in CAL27 cells (P < 0.05).Conclusion ST significantly inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of CAL27 cells possibly by inducing cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.

Objective　To analyze bond properties of flowable resin Constic, and to provide laboratory evidence for the application of clinical material. Methods The micro-tensile bond strengths between flowable resin and dentin, flowable resin and temporary crown material were measured by micro tensile force meter. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron，and the modes of failure were judged. Results The dentin micro-tensile bond strengths of Constic resin and Z350 XT were (20.60±4.09) MPa, (31.23±5.66) MPa, respectively(t=7.943, P<0. 05). Temporary crown material bond strength of Constic was (53.67±8.94) MPa, while bond strength between temporary crown material was (59.52±4.24) MPa (t=1.388, P>0.05). The fracture sites of most samples were at interface. Conclusion As a self-etching and self-adhesive system, Constic simplifies clinical procedure, and it is potential for multiple clinical use.

Abstract：Objective To explore the clinical effect of implant restoration in reconstruction of alveolar bone deficiency with autogenous block graft. Methods From January 2010 to December 2016, 30 cases of reconstruction of alveolar bone deficiency with autogenous block graft and Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) were included. A total of 81 implants were divided into two groups according to the different donor site of autogenous block graft. Mandible group performed 14 cases of 47 implants, and ilium group contained 14 cases of 47 implants. By clinical follow-up and radiographic examination, survival rates of implants were calculated and compared. Results 30 cases of autogenous block graft combined with GBR significantly increased the bone volume after spontaneous healing, no significant complications of donor site were detected after surgery. After an average of 7.8 months (4-18 months) of the osseointegration period with simultaneous or delayed implant surgery, excepting one case failure because of the loose implant, the remaining 29 cases were restored with ceramic crowns or bridges. After 26 months (range 9 to 68 months) of the mean follow-up period, the total survival rate was 98.76% in 81 implants. Survival rate was 97.06% in the mandible group including one case failed，while the survival rate of the ilium group was 100% .There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions Combined with autogenous block graft, the implant survival rate had no significant difference compared with no grafts in conventional condition.Moreover, both mandible and ilium procedures were predictable for the reconstruction of alveolar bone deficiency. However, mandible harvesting could be a preference in clinical procedures due to the advantages of avoiding the second field, reducing the operation time and few postoperative complications.

Objective To measure the length of maxillary central incisors by panoramic radiographs among individuals in Jiangsu Province, providing statistical basis for post crown restoration. Methods Maxillary central incisor data of 114 people from Jiangsu province obtained by panoramic radiographs were measured. The length was divided into crown part and root part by the line of mesio-distal alveolar crest. The effects of gender, sides and age were analyzed. Results The average length was (9.20±0.27) mm and (12.28±0.31) mm for crown part and root part, separately. Significant differences were detected in gender (P＜0.05). The difference was mainly manifested between middle age group and old age group (P＜0.05). But no significant differences were detected in sides and age (P＞0.05). The length of the post in the bone should reach 6-8mm to realize effective retention. Conclusion The length of maxillary central incisors is symmetrical between two sides and similar among all age groups in Jiangsu, but the crowns and roots in male are longer than those in female.

Objective Determine the buccal and palatal bone thickness at different reference lines and the distance from cemento-enamel junction(CEJ) to labial bone crest of the maxillary central incisor. To study the relationship between gingival biotype and gender、age、crown form、the underlying bone thickness and the distance from CEJ to labial bone crest of the maxillary central incisor. Methods 118 volunteers with health gingiva were included. The buccal and palatal bone thickness which were measured at 3 locations and the distance from CEJ to labial bone crest were determined by CBCT. Gingival biotype of those volunteers was confirmed by the aid of a periodontal probe. Results There is no relation between the gingival biotype and gender、age、crown form of the maxillary central incisor. The distance from CEJ to labial bone crest was 2.63±0.98mm，the correlation coefficient (r) values between the gingival biotype and this distance was -0.051（P＞0.05）. The percentage of partially missed labial bone was 27.1%. The correlation coefficient (r) values between the gingival biotype and labial bone thickness which were at 3，5mm below the CEJ were 0.747、0.281（P＜0.05）respectively. Conclusions ①About the maxillary central incisor，around one third of labial bone was partially missed. No relation was detected between the gingival biotype and the distance as mentioned above. ②There is positive relation between the gingival biotype and labial bone thickness when the labial bone was intact.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the changes of bacterial flora in gingival sulcus and oral cavity before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: 130 orthodontic patients from July 2013 to September 2014 in the people's Hospital of Bozhou were selected as orthodontic group and 60 healthy?individuals were selected as control group. The gingival sulcus fluids of orthodontic group and control group before and in 1 month, 3 months after operation were collected, and they were used for bacterial culture. The difference of plaque index, gingival sulcus bleeding index and probing depth between two groups were compared. Results: The plaque index, gingival sulcus bleeding index and probing depth of orthodontic group in 1 month and 3 months after operation were significantly higher than that of preoperative and control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the preoperative, the proportion of cocci, bacilli and campylobacteria of orthodontic group in 1 month and 3 months after operation were significantly reduced, the proportion of fusiforms, spiral bacteria, hyphomycete were significantly increased, and the detection?ratio of porphyromonas gingivalis, nucleic acid bacillus, bacteroides forsythus and actinobacillus were significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Oral bacteria reproduction after orthodontic treatment increases, should pay attention to keep oral health and avoid inducing inflammation.

Abstract ：Objective: analysis of the effect of fluoride protector joint fissure sealants on the prevention of the first molar caries; Methods:1,200 teeth of 300 aged 6-8 children were included in this research and were just given pit and fissure sealant or combine fluor protector with self control method. The retention of pit and fissure sealant, caries incidence rate and caries prevalence rate were observed and analyzed at 6,12,18,24 months. Results ：The results showed that test group has a higher retention of pit and fissure sealant and lower caries incidence rate than control group at each time. After analysis,it were found that the caries incidence rate in 12,18months and the caries prevalence rate in 2years have statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared to control group,the caries reduction rate of the test group is 61.3% after 2years.Conclusion: This research suggest that pit and fissure sealant combine with fluor protector could have better curies prevention effect than pit and fissure sealant single.

Abstract： Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of rhECF’s with hydroxychloroquine tablets (Plaquenil) on erosion oral lichen planus. Methods 60 cases with erosive oral lichen planus were chosen and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group included 30 cases which were treated with rhEGF and Plaquenil. The other were in the control group treated with Plaquenil only. All the cases were treated for 3 months and had the subsequent visit after 3-month drug withdrawal The curative effects of the two groups were evaluated according to Level 3 curative standard and then compared. Results The total effective rates of experimental group and control group were 93.3％and 33.3% in three months（P<0.05）, 91.23％ and 73.63％ were the effective rates of subsequent visit after three months（P<0.05）.Conclusion The rhEGF with Plaquenil shows better therapeutic response compared with Plaquenilin in subjects with oral lichen planus.

Objective　 To compare the difference of root resorption after treatment of self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets evaluated by computed tomography. Methods: 60 young adult orthodontic patients, regardless of gender, were chosen in Wujiang Chinese Medicine Hospital. 30 of them were Angle Class I malocclusion and treated with self-ligating (15) and conventional preadjusted brackets (15). The other 30 cases were Class Ⅱ malocclusion treated by extraction therapy with self-ligating (15) and conventional preadjusted brackets (15). Spiral CT was scanned before and after the treatment. The root length (distance between cemento-enamel junction and root apical ) of maxillary central incisors was measured. Results: Both kinds of brackets could cause shortening of root length. More root resorption was found in Class II patients treated with extraction therapy compared with non extraction group and the difference had statistical significance. Less root resorption was found in patients treated by self-ligating brackets than in conventional preadjusted brackets in both Class I and Class Ⅱ groups and the difference had also statistical significance. Conclusion: Both conventional and self ligating brackets can cause shortening of root length. Self-ligating brackets can reduce the degree of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption and the possible reasons are lower values of tooth movement force and shortening of orthodontic treatment time.

Nowadays dental implant placement is an effective and predictable treatment modality for replacing missing teeth in fully and partially edentulous patients. Nevertheless, the early osseointegration failures stilly happen despite high implant survival and success rates. This paper reviewed the factors of early dental implant failure, such as individual differences, system diseases, doctor’s manipulation and the design of the implant.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)，which are one of the most important signal transduction systems in organisms, are involved in many biological processes，such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. There are four members in MAPKs family, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), p38 and ERK5/big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(BMK1). MAPKs play an important role in the development of inflammation, cancer and some other diseases. In this article, recent advances concerning the roles and mechanisms of MAPKs in the development of periodontitis were reviewed.

ABSTRACT: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) were closely related with cell growth,proliferation, differentiation and migration, which play a key role in multiple developmental and physiological processes. The mammalian FGF gene family consist of 22 members (FGF1-23), human FGF15 and rats FGF19 haven't been identified. Most studies have shown that FGFs involved in the progress of embryonic development, organ formation, tissue repair, metabolism and tumor formation, however, there were less researches on FGF11. This review aims to summarize the mechanism, biological functions and research progress of FGFs, and describe the function of

Bulk-fill composite resin is gradually applied to dental treatment now. Some studies have found that it not only has the advantage of convenient operation, but also has good clinical effect. As an important index of resin curing degree, the monomer conversion is an important factor that determines the mechanical and biological properties of composite resin. Cuspal deflection and marginal microleakage are caused by the polymerization shrinkage stress resulting from the shrinkage of composite resin, and it has certain influence on the durability of filling body and marginal sealing. It can be regarded as a common indicator of the clinical effect of composite resin. This paper mainly reviews the clinical effect and mechanism of bulk-fill composite resin through the monomer conversion, cuspal deflection and marginal microleakage.

Since the 1960s, the trend has been away from extraction and toward nonextraction approaches. Maxillomandibular expansion has become perhaps the most common nonextraction approach for treating that malocclusion .This review is about the research advances of the influence factors of alveolar reconstruction with maxillomandibular arch expansion.

The CAD / CAM technology is a new type of repair technology, mainly composed of a data acquisition system, computer aided design system, computer aided manufacturing system , with high efficiency, beautiful and accurate. This article aims to explain the CAD / CAM technology principles, steps and prognosis. The principle, procedure and prognosis of CAD / CAM technology are presented to increase the understanding of CAD / CAM technology.