Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of micro arc oxidation treated Ti surface on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osseointegration of induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Materials and methods. TC4 surface was treated by micro arc oxidation to create a hierarchy structure. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by feeding with high-fat diet and followed by injection of streptozotocin. The BMSCs of diabetic rat were cultured in vitro. The cells were seeded on the treated surface to evaluate the effect of the surface on osteogenic differentiation. The implant with the surface was inserted in the diabetic rats’ femurs to evaluate the influence on new bone formation and bone implant contact. Results. In vitro study revealed the treated structure could upregulate the expressions of osteogenic-related markers. In vivo study revealed the enhanced bone regeneration, implant bone contact in diabetic rats. Conclusions. The advantages of micro arc oxidation treated surface could improve osteogenic differentiation and osseointegration in diabetic environment.

Objective To access the effect of GCH1 gene polymorphism on non-syndromic cleft lip in different ethnic groups and regions, and study the sensitivity association between GCH1 gene and NSCL/P in Heilongjiang. Methods The study group of GCH1 gene consisted of the blood samples of 314 controls and 280 NSCL/P cases. Genotyping of the 3 SNPs (rs17128050，rs8004018, rs17128077) were performed by using SNaP shot minisequencing technique. The alleles and genotype frequency in all samples were analyzed. And the Chi-square test was used. All of statistical analysis was performed using SAS v9.1.3 statistical software package (SAS Institute, Inc.). Two-tailed P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results There were significant differences in GCH1 rs17128050 and GCH1 rs8004018 compared with control subjects (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively), and in group CLP there were significant differences in GCH1 rs17128050 and GCH1 rs8004018 compared with controls (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusion This study proves that GCH1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism is significantly associated with NSCL/P in Heilongjiang population.

Objective To study the influence of different thicknesses and materials on the fracture resistance of inlays and the change of stress distribution, to provide experimental basis and support for restoration with inlays in clinic. Methods The standard preparation of inlay of the right lower first molar was selected, and the model was obtained by scanning. The thickness of the inlay was adjusted by software, and the metal dies were made by 3D printing. IPS e.max and Vita enamic were selected as inlay materials. Fracture resistance was tested on the inlays after bonding. CBCT data of lower right first molars of a healthy adultwas selected to carry out the digital model simulation. The stress distribution of inlay and remaining teeth with different thicknesses and materials were observed and analyzed. Results There were differences in fracture resistance among IPS e.max groups (P<0.05), and the largest fracture resistance was at 2.0 mm. There were differences among Vita enamic groups (P<0.05), and the largest fracture resistance was at 2.5mm. IPS e.max had higher fracture resistance (P<0.05) when the inlay thickness was 2.0 mm. In three-dimensional finite element analysis, the equivalent stress of IPS e.max inlays was larger than Vita enamic under the same thickness. The equivalent stress of residual enamel in IPS e.max group was lower than that of healthy teeth, while in Vita enamic group, the equivalent stress of residual enamel increased when the thickness was 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm. The peak equivalent stress of dentin restored with both materials was larger than that of intact dentin, but the peak equivalent stress of residual dentin decreased with the increase of thickness. Conclusion IPS e.max inlay with 2.0 mm has the largest fracture resistance. The fracture strength of IPS e.max is larger than that of Vita enamic and bears more stress than Vita enamic, which is more conducive to the preservation of the remaining tooth hard tissue.

Objective To discuss the most suitable polymerization angle of double-implant-supported mandibular molar restoration under dynamic loads. Methods Three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular molars with double angles of 0°, 5°, 10° and 15° were established, and a dynamic load of 0.875 s was applied to the restoration. The stress distributions of the bone tissue and the displacement values of the implant-abutment complex were analyzed. Results ①The maximum Von-Mises of cortical bone around the implant: 5° polymerization angle model> 10° polymerization angle model>15° polymerization angle model>0° polymerization angle model. The maximum Von-Mises of cancellous bone around the implant: 15° polymerization angle model> 10° polymerization angle model>5° polymerization angle model>0° polymerization angle model. ②The maximum displacement of the implant-abutment complex: 15° polymerization angle model>5° polymerization angle model>10° polymerization angle model>0°polymerization angle model. Conclusion The most suitable polymerization angle of double-implant-supported mandibular molar restoration is 0° under dynamic loads.

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the changes of the maxillary and mandible after treatment of Twin-block appliancein the Angleclass II division 1 patients by cone-beam CT and export the treatment mechanism of Twin-block appliance . Methods Thirty oneAngleclass II division 1 patientsin the growth period were selected and treated with Twin-block appliance. Cone-beam CT were taken before and after treatment to measure and analysis.Results The length of the mandibular ascending branch（Co-Go）and the mandibular body(Pog-Co)in the 31 patients were significantly increased (P<0.01). The distance of B-coronal plane and the B-water plane increased and were significantlydifferent(P < 0.01), suggesting that the growth of the mandible is forward and downward. There was a significant difference in the decrease of ANB, U1/SN and the increase of L1/MP(P<0.01).There was no significant change in the maxillary.ConclusionTwin-Block appliance can effectively promote the growth and development of the mandible and correct the Angleclass II division 1 malocclusion.

Objective　 To investigate the diagnostic value of serum CRP, PCT, IL-6 and WBC for maxillofacial space infection and the clinical significance of treatment guidance. Methods　 A total of 102 patients with maxillofacial space infection in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, from May 2014 to September 2018 were selected as the study subjects, who were divided into two groups: 72 cases in group A (mild to moderate infection) and 30 cases in group B (severe infection). The data and indexes of infection in two groups were analyzed. Results　 There were significant differences in serum CRP, IL-6 and WBC within 24 hours after admission (P<0.05), the highest in the extremely severe infected group. 48 hours after surgery, the PCT, CRP, IL-6 and WBC levels of the patients decreased. The ROC curve results showed that PCT diagnostic sensitivity was 83.3 % and specificity was 61.1%; CRP diagnostic sensitivity was 66.7 % and specificity was 59.7%; IL-6 diagnostic sensitivity was 66.7 % and specificity was 52.8 %; WBC diagnostic sensitivity was 63.3% and the specificity was 52.4%. Conclusion　CRP, IL-6 and WBC have early diagnostic value for maxillofacial infection, and PCT has a predictive effect on the development of the disease. Early application of antibacterial drugs based on the test results can effectively control infection and prevent the development of the disease.

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of crown to implant ratio on marginal bone loss of maxillary bone and clinical effects around short dental implants. Methods 17 implants of 12 patients were included for investigation. All implants were from the same type and had an intraosseous length of 6 mm and a diameter of 5 or 4.5 mm with 4-5 mm of the residual bone height in maxillary posterior region from January 2015 to June of 2017. Measurements of marginal bone loss were performed at a mean of 18 months after prosthetic loading and the mean follow-up for clinical evaluation was 18 months. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 7.0 software package. Results Overall a survival rate of 100%. Marginal bone loss around 17 short implants measured 0.45mm (SD: 0.07mm) and was found to have no significant correlation with calculated Crown-to-Implant ratio (r=0.19; P=0.47). Conclusions It is suggested that high crown-to-Implant ratios have no significant influence on early marginal bone loss.But high C/IR may increase the risk of inflammation of soft tissue.

Objective　 To investigate the effects of free forearm flap repair on hand function in patients who had oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects. Methods Experimental subjects included 36 patients who underwent forearm free flap transfer in Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province. The hand functions of patients were assessed by clinical follow-up. The experimental data of skin temperature, degree of flexion and extension of elbow and wrist joint, grip, cold sensation, heat sensation, pain and evaluation of appearance were recorded. The contralateral hands of the same patients as controls underwent the same tests. The results of the left and right sides of the same patient were further compared and paired t-test and rank-sum test were used. Result There was no significant difference in hand grip of patients but there was difference in feeling at skin graft area after flap harvest as compared with the contralateral side. Five patients had a feeling of numbness around the dorsal surface of thumb. Sensory function of the dorsal surface of left thumb in these patients was significantly different as compared with the contralateral side, while the remaining 31 patients had no significant difference. There were no significant differences in skin temperature, peripheral nail microcirculation, elbow and wrist flexion and extension degree of left hand compared with the contralateral side. Conclusion Free forearm flap transfer needs sacrificing radial artery, but the blood supply of hand can still be guaranteed by the compensatory effect of ulnar artery and the improvement of collateral circulation. It has no significant adverse effects on patient’s hand function when careful dissection is performed to avoid nerve injury during flap harvest.

Objective To obtain the chromaticity distribution of the digital color of the VITA 3D-Master shade guide in the Lab color space. Methods The photos of a VITA 3D-Master shade guide were shot under the D50 standard light source with Nikon D700 single-lens reflex digital camera. A new uniform color image file was established according to the average value of R, G and B of the middle third area of each tab read with histogram in Photoshop software. The same uniform color file was created and the Lab values were read and analyzed in the Eye-One Photo SG software. Results The chromaticity distribution of the 26 tabs of the VITA 3D-Master shade guide in the three-dimensional Lab color space showed five levels of distribution on the brightness axis. In the 2, 3 and 4 level, the color of tabs was distributed irregularly and at different distances. Conclusion The study of digital color distribution of VITA 3D-Master shade guide in Lab color space can improve the selection, communication and replication of tooth color successfully in clinic.

Objective：To analyze the serum liver enzymes and uric acid in patients with oral lichen planus, and discuss the correlation between these indexes and OLP. Method：A retrospective analysis was made of 157 OLP patients in the stomatology department of Jiangsu Stomatological Hospital and Suqian people's Hospital of Nanjing drum-tower hospital group as the study group and 169 healthy subjects as the control group. The levels of serum liver enzymes and uric acid in the two groups were detected. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for inter-group analysis, and unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between related indexes and the incidence of OLP. Results： There was no significant difference in the expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphate kinase (CK) between the two groups. The level of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in OLP patients was higher than that in control group, while the level of uric acid (UA) was lower than that in control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05), logistic regression analysis showed that serum LDH and UA was correlated with incidence of OLP. Conclusion： The serum LDH level increased and the UA level decreased in patients with OLP, which may be used as biomarkers for monitoring and follow-up of OLP.

Objective To study the dentofacial changes of adolescent patients with skeletal classⅡhyperdiverge malocclusion after the extraction of four premolars using MBT appliance and mini-screw implant. Methods 14 randomly selected adolescent patients with skeletal classⅡhyperdiverge cases were treated by MBT appliance and mini-screw implant. In order to evaluate the effect of the treatment, the cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after the treatment, and the data were analyzed statistically. Results Patient’s facial profile had been modified. Z angle increased. There were significant differences before and after the operation (P＜0.05). The angles of U1-SN and L1-MP decreased, while the distances of U1-NA and L1-MP adducted. There were significant differences before and after the operation (P＜0.05). Vertical dimension control between the maxilla and mandible was successfully achieved. The angle of SN-MP decreased. There were significant differences before and after the operation (P＜0.05). Conclusions Mini-screw anchorage and MBT appliance are effective in treating adolescent patients with skeletal classⅡ hyperdiverge cases, which can control the vertical distance between the maxilla and mandible, modify the soft tissue profile of patients, so as to achieve the goal of clinical hiding treatment and reduce the risk of orthognathic surgery.

Objective To compare the changes in the angulation and eruption space of the mandibular third molars in adult patients with ClassⅡmalocclusion orthodontically treated with different extraction patterns, and to discuss the effects of different therapies on the eruption of mandibular third molars. Methods 90 adult patients with ClassⅡmalocclusion were chosen, which were divided into three groups: non-extraction group (n=30); the first premolar extraction group (n=30); the second premolar retraction group (n=30). The panoramic radiographs were taken before and after treatment. The differences of the angulation and eruption space of the mandibular third molars were compared before and after treatment to predict its’ eruption. Result Compared with non-extraction group, the angulation and eruption space of mandibular third molars improved and increased significantly after treatment with the first and second premolar extraction groups (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the eruption space change among three groups (P＜0.001). The difference of the eruption space between the non-extraction group was greater than that in the first premolar extraction group, and the first premolar extraction group was greater than that in the second premolar extraction group. The prediction of eruption of the mandibular third molar was the best in the second premolar extraction group, followed by the first premolar extraction group and then non-extraction group. Conclusion Mandibular first or second premolar extraction increases the angulation and eruption space of mandibular third molars. And the closer the third molar is to the extraction site, the more angulation and eruption space improve, the more likely it is to become erupted.

Objective To study the aesthetic evaluation of lip Situation alteration on the Profiles,Methods A young male and a female who met the soft and the hard tissue measurements criterion were chosen. Their profile photographs were digitized. The lip situations were protruded and retruded 2mm,4mm,6mm comprising 14 profiles including the original photos. The sample of individuals rated these pictures comprised 41 orthodontic professionals,43 plastic surgeons,41 parents of patients,86 orthodontic patients and 41 laymen.K-W analysis and independent sample t-tests were used to compare the preferences of the groups. Results The original photos got the highest scores.The severe protruded lips(c+6) were the least prefered.Orthodontists were more sensitive than other groups when faced the male protruded lip(c+4) (P=0.01),meanwhile orthodontic patients were more sensitive than the parents(P=0.02).Males more like protruded lip(c+4) than females(P=0.04),while females more like retruded lip(c-2) than males(P=0.03).The middle-age group were more tolerate than other groups when they rating the ugly female profile(c-4)(P =0.02).Conclusions Orthodontists were found to be more critical than other people. Patients were found to be more critical than parents. Females admire the more retruded lip situation.The middle-aged people were the most tolerant.

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the level and current status of oral health behaviors among people aged 35?44 years in Guangdong Province and to provide a reference for oral health education in Guangdong Province. Methods An equal?sized, stratified, multistage, random sampling design was applied to obtain representative sample groups consisting of 288 Guangdong residents aged 35-44 years in four urban areas and four rural areas with a gender ratio of one to one. According to the Guideline of the 4th National Oral Health Survey, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and a statistical analysis of the questionnaire responses related to oral health behaviors was performed. Results In total, 288people participated in the survey， of which 99.65% brushed their teeth once or more daily，42.71% used fluoride toothpaste，4.51%useddentalflossdaily，3.47%-13.19% took sugar-containing foods daily, and 26.74% smoked chronically. Conclusion Among adults aged 35-44 years in Guangdong Province, the ratio of brushing teeth daily was 99.65%, using fluoride toothpaste 42.71%, and using dental floss 4.51%. Oral health knowledge and education should be continuously improved.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease with more than 100 clinical manifestations, whose main clinical manifestations are skin basal cell carcinoma, odontogenic keratocystic tumor (OKC), excessive keratosis, pitting of the palms and soles of the feet, skull abnormality and falciparum calcification, orbital spacing widening, facial deformity, giant brain deformity, cleft lip and palate, etc. A case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is reported in this paper. The pathogenesis, incidence, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed in combination with relevant literature.

Light-curing composite resin is widely used in clinical stomatology,but the volume shrinkage and shrinkage stress of the resin in the process of light-curing affect the clinical effects.As the main component of the composite resin,the resin matrix has an important influence on the properties of the resin.The researchers have tried to improve or change the resin matrix to reduce the volume shrinkage and shrinkage stress,enhance the mechanical properties and improve the clinical effects.In this paper,the research progress of resin matrix in recent years are reviewed.

　During the clinical implantation of implants，it is critical to form a good biological closure like “cuff” to prevent root migration of epithelial cells. Dealing with pure titanium implant surface to get a suitable surface topography is important for increasing the success rate of planting，due to the fact that the pure titanium implants themselves have no antibacterial ability. The study mainly focuses on the analysis of interface characteristics and biological width of implant-soft tissue and explores the effects of different pure titanium surface treatments on tissue biology, human gingival fibroblast morphology and proliferation activity.

Composite resins are widely used in clinic because of their various advantages. Bioactive filler-reinforced composite resins with remineralization function have attracted extensive attention in the academic field. In recent years, researchers have developed ion recharge, bacteriostatic and protein-repellent functions of such composite resins, making them a new material with composite functions. The review focuses on the progress of bioactive fillers.

The integrity of the remaining tooth structure affects the long-term preservation of the tooth after root canal treatment. Retaining more healthy tooth tissue is important for improving the flexural performance and the prognosis of the tooth. Related studies have found that the retention of peri-cervical dentin (PCD) structure plays an important role in the biomechanical properties of the remaining teeth and long-term repair and preservation. This article will review the definition, the function, the research methods and the problems still existing in the current study of the peri-cervical dentin, and the way to preserve it.

Abstract：Chronic periodontitis（CP）is a kind of chronic infectious disease that occurs in the teeth-supporting tissues. Oral lichen planus（OLP）is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral mucosa. Erosive oral lichen planus is more often associated with chronic periodontitis, and periodontal local stimulation may also aggravate the symptoms of Erosive oral lichen planus. Epidemiologically，both of CP and OLP have a high incidence in the elderly population. They are also closely related to immune factors, genetic factors, microbial infection and other factors in the pathogenesis. This article will review the relationship between chronic periodontitis and oral lichen planus.