天然抗菌生物材料对变异链球菌及其生物膜的抑制作用

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,天然抗菌生物材料因来源丰富、抗菌谱广、抗菌活性高、生物相容性好等优点受到广泛关注,通过抑制生物膜形成、清除已形成的生物膜,在龋病防治中发挥重要作用。该文就不同来源的天然抗菌生物材料对龋病主要致病菌变异链球菌及其生物膜的抑制作用研究进行综述,以期能够为龋病的药物防治提供理论参考。

关键词: 抗菌, 龋病, 变异链球菌, 生物膜

Abstract:

In recent years, natural antimicrobial biomaterials have received widespread attention due to their rich sources, broad antimicrobial spectrum, high antimicrobial activity, good biocompatibility, etc. They play an important role in caries prevention and treatment by inhibiting the formation of biofilm and removing the formed biofilm. In this paper, we summarize the inhibitory effects of different natural antimicrobial biomaterials on Streptococcus mutans, the main caries-causing organism, and its biofilm, with a view to providing theoretical references for caries prevention and treatment.

Key words: antimicrobial, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, biofilms

中图分类号:

R781.1

常兴桃, 胡佳心, 孙江龄, 张吉琴, 陈贤润, 白国辉, 罗祎. 天然抗菌生物材料对变异链球菌及其生物膜的抑制作用[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(3): 235-240.

CHANG Xingtao, HU Jiaxin, SUN Jiangling, ZHANG Jiqin, CHEN Xianrun, BAI Guohui, LUO Yi. The inhibitory impact of natural antibacterial biomaterials on Streptococcus mutans and its associated biofilm formation[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(3): 235-240.

图/表 1

表1

植物源抗菌生物材料对S.mutans及其生物膜的抑制作用研究"

来源	名称	主要活性成分	类别	作用及机制
果蔬类	石榴^[6]	黄酮-3-醇、黄酮苷类、酚酸和可水解单宁	多酚类	抑制S.mutans的黏附和生长
	柑橘、柠檬^[7-8]	柑橘/柠檬精油	萜烯类	抑制GTF基因表达减少葡聚糖的产生,从而影响细菌黏附和生物膜形成
	葡萄^[9]	葡萄籽原花青素	多酚类	破坏S.mutans的结构完整性,影响细菌的黏附,降低S.mutans生物膜活性
	芹菜^[10]	芹菜素	黄酮类	抑制GTF活性和不溶性EPS的产生,减少细菌表面蛋白质抗原数量来降低细菌疏水性而抑制S.mutans黏附
中草药类	苦参、黄连^[11-12]	苦参碱、白屈菜碱、白屈菜红碱等	生物碱类	抑制S.mutans的生长、代谢及其生物膜的形成
	厚朴^[13]	厚朴酚与和厚朴酚	多酚类	有效抑制S.mutans的c、d型菌株,减缓产酸,抑制早期根面龋的发展
	紫地榆、五倍子^[8,14]	鞣质	多酚类	鞣质可以与细胞表面脂磷壁酸结合,抑制S.mutans的生长;降低GTF活性,减弱S.mutans的黏附能力;促进再矿化
	肉桂^[15]	肉桂醛	多酚类	与Lux S/AI2型群体感应关键蛋白Lux R结合,抑制生物膜形成
	金银花^[15]	绿原酸	多酚类	通过影响细菌细胞膜的稳定性和诱导活性氧的产生来抑制S.mutans生长;破坏生物膜的立体结构而清除生物膜
	芦荟^[16]	芦荟苷	蒽醌类	破坏细菌细胞壁的聚糖骨架结构,减少遗传物质和蛋白质合成而抑制S.mutans生长;干扰生物膜形成
香辛料类	姜黄^[23]	姜黄素	多酚类	下调GTF和S.mutans群体感应基因、减少不溶性EPS的产生,抑制生物膜生长代谢;结合光动力疗法具有协同抗菌作用
	大蒜^[24]	大蒜素	硫化物	大蒜素与半胱氨酸和巯基结合后形成硫代半胱氨酸,阻止细菌与正常蛋白质结合进而抑制S.mutans的生长和繁殖
	茴香^[25]	茴香醛	萜烯类	破坏S.mutans细胞膜通透性,降低S.mutans的疏水性、减少产酸和EPS水平
	青花椒^[26]	果皮精油	萜烯类	破坏S.mutans的链状结构与细胞膜完整性发挥抑菌作用

表1

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