口腔毛状白斑的研究进展

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2025.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

口腔毛状白斑是由EB病毒感染口腔鳞状上皮细胞导致的口腔黏膜疾病,临床表现为好发于舌缘的皱纸状或波纹状、无法拭去的白色斑块,有时伴有白色毛发状凸起。口腔毛状白斑多发生于人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者,也可发生于免疫功能正常和非人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的免疫低下人群。口腔毛状白斑的发病机制尚未完全明确,目前口腔毛状白斑的主要治疗方法为抗EB病毒治疗。该文将从口腔毛状白斑的病因、发病机制、危险因素、流行病学、临床表现、诊断及治疗方面进行综述。

关键词: 口腔毛状白斑, EB病毒, 发病机制, 诊断, 抗病毒治疗

Abstract:

Oral hairy leukoplakia is an oral mucosal disease caused by Epstein-Barr virusinfection of oral squamous epithelial cells. Oral hairy leukoplakia presents as a non-removable, corrugated and wrinkled white plaque sometimes with hair-like projections, typically occurring on the border of the tongue. It is commonly found in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus, and it can also be seen in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients who are not infected by human immunodeficiency virus. The pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia is still unclear, and anti-EBV therapy is the main treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia at present. This paper will review the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of oral hairy leukoplakia.

Key words: oral hairy leukoplakia, EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), pathogenesis, diagnosis, antiviral therapy

中图分类号:

R781.59

莫龙会, 梁静, 王冏珂, 刘天楠, 曾昕. 口腔毛状白斑的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学, 2025, 45(8): 624-630.

MO Longhui, LIANG Jing, WANG Jiongke, LIU Tiannan, ZENG Xin. Research progress of oral hairy leukoplakia[J]. Stomatology, 2025, 45(8): 624-630.

图/表 1

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