Objective In this study, NK-1 receptor antagonist was given to block the function of substance P (SP) in periodontitis model mice and cell experiments in vitro to explore the role of SP in multi-organ dysfunction induced by systemic inflammatory response caused by periodontitis. Methods Periodontitis mouse model was induced by repeated gingival sulcus injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). At the same time, NK-1 receptor antagonist was given to observe the secretion of systemic inflammatory factors and functional damage of various organs in periodontitis mice; macrophages were stimulated by LPS and SP respectively, and IL-1β in the supernatant was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); NK-1 receptor antagonist was added to observe the IL-1β level in supernatant. Results Compared with the control group, SP in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in LPS induced periodontitis group were significantly increased (P<0.001), and the level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF- α in serum was also significantly increased (P<0.001). Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased slightly in LPS group (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in lung histopathological score (P<0.001). NK-1 receptor antagonist decreased IL-1β in serum, and the level of ALT was significantly lower than that in LPS group (P<0.05). NK-1 receptor antagonist could partially reverse the production of IL-1β secreted by macrophages induced by SP(P<0.001). Conclusion SP participates in the appearance of multi-organ dysfunction induced by systemic inflammatory response caused by periodontitis through binding with NK-1 receptor.

Objective To isolate and cultivate human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) from patients of different ages and compare their biological characteristics. Methods hDPSCs from patients of different ages were cultivated by the enzymatic digestion of pulp tissue method. The time when cells appeared was recorded, and their morphology was observed and compared under a microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect surface markers of hDPSCs. Cells were induced to differentiate into odontoblasts and adipocytes in vitro. The formation of mineralized nodules and lipid droplets was observed. The CCK8 assay was used to compare the ability of cell proliferation. Moreover, mRNA levels of odontogenesis/osteogenesis related genes DSPP, OCN, RUNX2, OPN and COL-1 of different groups were detected and compared by qRT-PCR. Results hDPSCs from donors of different ages were mainly spindle-shaped. However, number of irregular cells increased with age, and there existed significant difference among the time in which cells crawled out (P<0.05). The result of flow cytometry showed that CD90 and CD73 were expressed positively, but CD146 was expressed negatively, with no expression of CD34. Mineralized nodules and lipid droplets were successfully formed in all groups under the induction of osteogenesis and lipogenesis. The CCK8 assay and qRT-PCR demonstrated that cell proliferation and the expression of odontogenic/osteogenic genes descended markedly with age (P<0.05). Conclusion hDPSCs that own multilineage differentiation potential can be obtained from pulp tissue of donors in different ages. Cell proliferation is related to age. The hDPSCs of different ages can be turned into odontoblasts/osteocytes in a certain degree. However, as the donor ages, odontogenesis/osteogenesis differentiative potential of hDPSCs decreases obviously.

Objective To investigate the physical and chemical properties, biological activity in vitro and pro-osteogenic properties of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs) containing silver or zinc composite materials. Methods The composite materials of PCL-MCSNs, PCL-Zn-MCSNs, PCL-Ag-MCSNs, PCL-Ag-Zn-MCSNs were prepared by heating and melting method and characterized to test their surface morphology, mechanical properties and degradation properties in vitro. The composite materials were co-cultured with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) to observe cell adhesion and hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on the surface. The cytotoxicity of composite materials and pro-osteogenic properties in vitro were studied by CCK-8 method, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity determination and Alizarin Red staining. Results The surface of each group was smooth and even. The compressive strength of the PCL-MCSNs group was 3.05 MPa, which was the highest. PCL-Zn-MCSNs showed the most HA formation, the fastest degradation, the highest surface cell density and the best cell adhesion. Except for PCL-Ag-MCSNs and PCL-Ag-Zn-MCSNs, all the experimental groups could promote cell proliferation, increase ALP activity, and produce more calcified nodular content than PCL, among which PCL-Zn-MCSNs was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The composite materials of PCL and MCSNs containing silver or zinc reveal good mechanical and degradation properties. The cell adhesion, cell proliferation, ALP activity and calcified nodule formation ability are enhanced with the increase of Zn content, suggesting that this kind of composite materials possess good biological activity in vitro and superior pro-osteogenic/odontogenic potential. These materials are expected to be a new material for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-127-3p on proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by regulating Zeste white 10 (ZW10)-interacting kinetochore protein 1 (Zwint-1). Methods PE/CA-PJ15, CAL27 cells were cultured in vitro, transfected and divided into blank control group (NG group), negative transfection group (NC group), miR-127-3p overexpression group (miR-127-3p-mimics group). The transfection effect was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope; levels of miR-127-3p and Zwint-1 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR; cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; the migration ability and invasion ability of PE/CA-PJ15 and CAL27 cells were detected by scratch test and Transwell assay respectively; expressions of human proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67), Apoptosis-associated protein Bax, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Zwint-1 were detected by Western blotting; the targeting relationship between miR-127-3p and Zwint-1 was predicted by TargetScan database and verified by double luciferase reporter gene experiment. Results Cells were successfully transfected; compared with those in NG group and NC group, the expression of miR-127-3p, proliferation inhibition rate and E-cadherin, Bax in PE/CA-PJ15 and CAL27 cells in miR-127-3p-mimics group were significantly increased (P<0.05); the wound healing rate, the number of cell invasion, the expression of Zwint-1 mRNA and protein, Ki-67, Bcl-2, N-cadherin and Vimentin protein were significantly decreased (P<0.05). TargetScan database prediction showed that Zwint-1 was a potential target gene of miR-127-3p; double luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that there was a targeting relationship between Zwint-1 and miR-127-3p, and miR-127-3p could negatively regulate the expression of Zwint-1. Conclusion Up-regulating the expression of miR-127-3p can target and down-regulate the expression of Zwint-1, and inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells.

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using CAD/CAM combined with individualized titanium mesh and iliac bone graft to repair unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects. Methods From November 2015 to December 2019, fifteen patients with unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects were enrolled in this study. Personalized preformed titanium mesh and mandible models were fabricated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) based on reverse engineering to reconstruct mandibular contour defect. Two patients accepted genioplasty to adjust the deflective region. Length of the bilateral mandibular ramus and mandibular body and its three-dimensionality were measured and compared to analyze symmetries of mandibular contour after surgery. Results All patients have satisfactory results and no adverse complications. Measurements showed satisfactory symmetries of mandibular contour in the 3D position after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion The study suggests that this technique was feasible and efficient for the reconstruction of unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects.

Objective The number and distribution of lingual accessory foramen in the anterior region of mandible and the distance between the lingual accessory foramen and the alveolar crest in subjects of different ages and genders were analyzed to provide reference for safe operation in oral surgery. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 200 eligible patients were chosen and grouped by gender and age to obtain the number and distribution of lingual accessory foramen in the anterior region of mandible and the distance between the accessory foramen and the alveolar crest. Statistical software SPSS25 was utilized to obtain the correlation between gender, age and the occurrence of accessory foramen. Results ①The incidence of mandibular accessory foramen for adult in Sichuan was 96.5%. ②There was no obvious difference in the incidence of mandibular accessory foramen between male and female subjects (P=0.706>0.05). ③ The incidence of mandibular accessory foramen in different age groups was significantly different (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with age (r=-0.307). ④ With the increase of age, the distance between the accessory foramen and the alveolar crest in the middle and left and right regions of the mandible decreased. Conclusion Most adults in Sichuan have mandibular accessory foramen, and the number of mandibular accessory foramen decreases with age. There is no obvious difference in the number of mandibular accessory foramen between male and female. Clinicians should pay attention to routine CBCT examination when performing surgery in relevant areas to prevent the injury of small arteries and nerve branches in the accessory foramen.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of 3D printing temporary crown for dental implant restoration in the posterior region. Methods Fifty patients with continuous tooth missing in posterior teeth area were selected and divided into two groups. All patients selected the same implant system. In the control group, the final restoration was directly completed according to the impression. In the experimental group, 3D printing temporary crown was used and adjusted according to clinical performance before final restoration. After the prosthodontics was fixed, chair-side time, the accuracy of final restoration and patients’ satisfaction were evaluated and analyzed. Results The chairside time of experimental group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the accuracy of restoration and satisfaction of patient in the experimental group were also higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Differences were statistically significant. Conclusion 3D printing temporary crown has certain application value in the continuous missing tooth area, which benefits both doctors and patients.

Objective To study the effect of dexmedetomidine on preventing restlessness during awakening after general anesthesia for cleft lip and palate repair in infants. Methods Sixty infants with cleft lip and palate admitted to our hospital from December 2017 to December 2019 were randomly divided into study group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) according to a random number table method. The children were all given sevoflurane inhalation maintenance after induction of conventional anesthesia. Then the control group was given 1 μg/(kg·h) of normal saline for continuous pumping maintenance, while the study group was given dexmedetomidine of the same volume for pumping maintenance. The hemodynamic indexes, blood gas analysis indexes and agitation indexes of these two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in HR and MAP between the two groups at T0, T1 and T2 stages (P>0.05). HR and MAP of the study group at T3, T4 and T5 stages were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The pH value of the study group in T5 phase was significantly lower than that of the control group. The pH value in T5 phase of the control group was significantly higher than that in T0 phase (P<0.05), while the pH value in T5 phase of the study group was not significantly different from that in T0 phase (P>0.05). PaCO₂ of the study group at T5 stage was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in both groups at T5 stage and T0 stage (P>0.05). The agitation score, incidence rate of suture hemorrhage and pain score in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference during the period between two compared groups of children from stopping inhaling sevoflurane to reaching the extubation indication with opening eyes (P>0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the risk of restlessness in recovery period after general anesthesia for cleft lip and palate repair in infants and simultaneously stabilize hemodynamics, which is beneficial to anesthesia management.

Objective To compare effects of surgical treatment and orthodontic treatment on the upper airway of children with upper airway stenosis and dentomaxillofacial malformation. Methods Twenty children with upper airway stenosis and dentomaxillofacial malformation were selected, including 10 in the orthodontic group and 10 in the surgical group. They respectively received orthodontic treatment with maxillary expansion and Twin-block and surgical treatment for the removal of hypertrophic adenoid tonsils. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) before and after surgery were obtained, and images were analyzed using Dolphin imaging software^® 11.8. SPSS21.0 was used to calculate the intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) and the data were paired with t-test. Results After treatment, the narrow airway of children in the surgery group and the orthodontic group were improved, and the upper airway volume increased. After treatment in the surgery group, the volume of nasopharynx (P=0.007), and the upper airway space (P=0.009) increased significantly than that in orthodontic group. After orthodontic treatment, the middle space of upper airway (P=0.044) and the lower upper airway space (P=0.002) increased significantly than that in surgery group. After treatment, the ANB of children in the orthodontic group decreased more significantly than surgery group (P=0.000). Conclusion Both surgical treatment and orthodontic treatment can improve the narrow airway of children. The former mainly acts on the middle and upper part of the upper airway, while the latter mainly acts on the lower part of the upper airway, which can increase the volume of airway and help children′s dental and maxillofacial normal growth. Synergistic treatment of surgery and orthodontics may achieve better results.

Objective To explore clinical effects of apexification for immature premolars with different root canal shapes. Methods Sixty-five immature premolars with apical periodontitis admitted in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected, and divided into three groups according to root canal development morphology. Group Ⅰ had 22 teeth with gathering root canal walls, Group Ⅱ had 26 teeth with parallel root canal walls, and Group Ⅲ had 17 teeth with flares on the canal wall. Vitapex was used for apexification. Time required for root induction after operation, types of root development, success rate, root length, and thickness of the root canal wall were compared. Results Time required for root apex induction in group Ⅰ was (10.59±5.02) months, which was the shortest. The time was (15.58±5.50) months in Group Ⅱ, and(18.80±4.42) months in group Ⅲ, which was the longest. Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ had statistically significant difference (P<0.05).The effective rate of three groups was 100%. The success rate of roots in Group Ⅰ continuing to develop into a or b type was 95.45%, Group Ⅱ57.69% and Group Ⅲ17.65%. Within three groups, root of some cases lengthened and root canal wall thickened, but there was no significant difference between three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion For immature premolars with gathering root canal wall, the success rate after apexificationis high and the curative effect is better. For immature premolars with parallel root canal wall, apexification has a certain curative effect. But it has poor curative effect on immature premolars with flares on the canal wall and low treatment success rate, and it is recommended to choose a treatment method with better curative effect.

Objective To explore the difference of soft tissue profile evaluation in malocclusion patients through NRS score on silhouette of different kinds of malocclusion. Methods Sixty patients with malocclusion were selected from Orthodontics Department of Changshu Yuhui Dental Hospital and Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Soochow University in 2019, including 20 cases of skeletal Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively. A total of 30 evaluators were selected with 10 patients of skeletal Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively. The 60 orthodontic patients were randomly numbered, and the right 90° silhouettes on PowerPoint were rated by evaluators according to NRS scoring criteria. The scores of different groups were compared between groups and within groups. Results Comparing the silhouette scores by skeletal Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion patients, the score of skeletal Class Ⅰ was the highest. Rated by skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, the score of Class Ⅱ patients was higher than that of Class Ⅲ. From high to low, scores rated by male patients were: skeletal Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Scores rated by female patients for Class Ⅰ was significantly higher than those for Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and there was no statistical difference in the scores of Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Male patients gave higher scores than female. Conclusion Patients with different malocclusions prefer skeletal Class Ⅰ, and skeletal Class Ⅲ patients and male patients think that the lateral profile of skeletal Class Ⅱ is more beautiful than Class Ⅲ. The aesthetic requirements of female patients are higher than those of male.

In recent decades, dentin adhesives have undergone many generations of improvements and tend to be multi-functional and easy to operate, and are widely used in oral prosthetic treatment. In order to obtain an ideal long-term restoration effect, in addition to good physical, chemical and mechanical properties of dentin adhesives, effective anti-caries properties are also key factors that need to be considered. This paper will focus on the antimicrobial mechanism of antimicrobial peptides, the types of antimicrobial peptides, their application in dentin adhesives and their anti-caries effect. Challenges and prospects for the application of antimicrobial peptides in dentin adhesives are also discussed.

The obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a disease where apnea or hypoventilation occurs repeatedly during sleep, which brings significantly negative impact to people's health and life. For those who can't accept surgery treatment or have poor compliance to continuous positive airway pressure treatment, oral interventions provide us with a new method, especially with the advent of mini-implant assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MAMRE) technology. To some extent, it breaks the age limitation of maxillary expansion. This article will briefly review the progress of MAMRE expansion technology in the treatment of adult OSAHS to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Oral and maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one of the common imaging techniques used in oral and maxillofacial region. However, due to the existence of various high-density metal materials in the mouth, the metal artifacts produced by CBCT will reduce image quality and interfere with diagnosis of diseases, which limits its further application in clinical practice. In order to reduce the interference of metal artifacts on CBCT image quality, scholars have proposed a series of methods. This paper reviews the generation and influence of metal artifacts in CBCT, and the reduction methods proposed in recent years, in order to provide reference for oral radiologists to choose the most appropriate method for metal artifact reduction before scanning.

Tissue engineering technology uses scaffold materials, seed cells, and growth factors to achieve the purpose of repairing or regenerating tissues and organs. Scaffold provides mechanical support for seed cells and protects them from the harmful microenvironment in the body. Therefore, choosing or preparing appropriate scaffolds is a key step in tissue engineering. In recent years, the combined application of scaffold materials and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in tissue engineering has gradually become mature. This article reviews the current research status of gingival mesenchymal stem cell delivery scaffold in tissue engineering, in order to provide ideas for the development and selection of delivery scaffolds for GMSCs tissue engineering.

The maxillofacial skin is prone to wounds due to exposure, and as an excellent way of promoting wound healing, dressing has been widely used in recent years. Poloxamer has a great advantage in synthetic dressing due to its good amphiphilicity, dual-responsivity, and biocompatibility, which is often used in drug loading and drug delivery systems, or as a nonionicsurfactant to modify other dressings. In this paper, the specific application types of poloxamer medical dressing, including hydrogels, fibers, membranes and sponges, are summarized based on the review of relevant literature on application of poloxamer in recent years, hoping to provide a more comprehensive reference for clinical wound treatment.

During the process of permanent teeth replacing primary teeth, the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth gradually decreases, which relates to the apoptosis of dental pulp tissue. Cysteine-containing aspartate-specific protease (Caspase) plays an important role in cell apoptosis. This article summarizes the apoptosis of dental pulp tissue and the role played by Caspase family in the process of physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.

Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived hormone synthesized by brain's pineal gland at night, which involves in controlling circadian rhythm, body temperature, sexual development and reproductive cycle. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that melatonin can accelerate osseointegration of implants and reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury of peri-implantitis, which has a wide application prospect in the field of oral implantation. In this review, the specific mechanism of melatonin in bone metabolism and inflammation regulation and advances of research on melatonin as an exogenous chemical factor in oral implantation were reviewed, aiming to provide new ideas for obtaining early osseointegration of implants, preventing and treating peri-implantitis.

The occlusal treatment of temporomandibular joint reversible disc displacement, especially as the primary treatment of bite plates, is widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the literature to summarize the occlusal treatment status of reversible anterior disc displacement, combining the design principles of bite plates and the patients' bite characteristics to guide the choice of bite plates.