Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of Snail in oral squamous cell carecinoma (OSCC) and it′s correlation with clinic opathologic parameters,in order to investigate its meaning in OSCC treatment and tumor prognosis,and to find biological marker for estimating OSCC recurrence,metastasis and prognosis. Methods Samples from 83 patients with OSCC were studied with semiquantitative immunohistochemistry method.The expression of Snail was examined,and it was combined with clinicopathologic parameter to analyze recurrence rate after operation and mortality rate and prognosis. Results Our study showed that the expression of Snail was negative in normal epithelial tissue while the high expression of Snail was observed in 89% patients with OSCC in the nucleus or cytoplasmic.The expression of Snail was not observed in only 11% patients.There were no statistically significant differences between the expression levels of Snail in the tumor of OSCC and sex,age,histological differentiation,tumor size,clinical stage,or lymph node metastasis(P>0.05).There was a statistically significant increase in the expression levels of Snail with recurrence (P=0.003). Conclusions This study has found the close relationship between high expression of Snail in oral carcinoma and the recurrence and prognosis.High expression of Snail may provide a useful prognostic marker in OSCC patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-17(IL-17) on the expression of RANKL and to explore the possible pathogenic mechanism of IL-17 regulating periodontitis bone reconstruction. Methods hPDLCs were treated with IL-17 of variable concentrations (0、10、25、50 ng/mL),and then the optimal concentration was used in the time-dependent experiment. The expressions of RANKL were assayed by real-time RT-PCR and western-blot. Results The expressions of RANKL were significantly up-regulated by IL-17 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Conclusions IL-17 can up-regulate the expression of RANKL of hPDLCs,suggesting that IL-17 can modulate the alveolar remodeling via regulating the expressions of pro-osteoclastic molecules of hPDLCs.

Objective To evaluate the effect,especially the esthetic effect of flapless immediate implant/immediate restoration and soft tissue augmentation in the esthetic zone of thin biotype patients. Methods 12 thin biotype patients with hopeless maxillary central incisors or lateral incisors were included in this study.Immediate implant/restoration was applied in the first surgery.After 4 months,soft tissue augmentation was done.Another 3 months later,final restoration was finished.1 year after final restoration,clinical evaluation was carried out concerning implant survival rate,thickness of buccal bone,coordination of soft tissue with neighboring tissue and the satisfactory level of the patients. Results The survival rate of the implant was 100%.The thickness of buccal bone was more than 1.5 mm in 3 patients and more than 2 mm in 9 patients.10 implants had perfect soft tissue compared with neighboring teeth,while 2 had slight difference in terms of margin position.All 12 implants had perfect soft tissue compared with neighboring teeth.The mean satisfactory level of patients in terms of VAS was 95. Conclusions The flapless immediate implant/immediate restoration and soft tissue augmentation can be effective in reducing the compromised esthetic outcome and getting perfect results as well as high patient satisfaction level in the esthetic zone of thin biotype patients.

Objective To analyze whether there exists abnormal level of serum calcium and phosphorus in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Methods 40 patients with aggressive periodontitis were selected as the experimental group and another healthy 40 as the control group.Venous blood samples of patients were collected on an empty stomach.The levels of serum calcium and phosphorus of patients in two groups were detected and compared.Clinical attachment loss and tooth mobility were recorded and statistical analysis was done together with the serum results. Results The level of serum calcium which was (1.9±0.5)mmol/L in experimental group was higher than the control group ((2.3±0.4)mmol/L) (P＜0.05).The number of people with lower serum calcium in aggressive periodontitis group was 24 while there were 17 people in the control group.There was significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05).Spearman relativity analysis showed that serum phosphorus may be related to the tooth mobility. Conclusions Lower serum calcium may be related with aggressive periodontitis.

Objective To explore the feasible way of constructing a bioactive factor release coating on the surface of titanium alloy implant and to investigate the bioactivity of a calcium/phosphorus/nerve growth factor composite coating constructed on the surface of titanium alloy implant. Methods Calcium/phosphorus/nerve growth factor composite coatings were prepared on the surface of titanium alloy implants using biomimetic deposition,and then characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope,and an automatic scratch tester.The total content of NGF in the composite coatings and the release value were measured every week by ELISA.The formation of calcified nodules was detected using a phase-contrast microscope. Results The coatings have rough surface,uniform and moderate thickness,and appropriate bonding strength.NGF can be released in vitro for at least 2 weeks,and remains active. Conclusions The calcium/phosphorus/nerve growth factor composite coatings prepared by biomimetic deposition can meet the demands of experimental research and clinical application.

Objective 　To determine the effects of orthognathic surgery， especially mandibular retrognathia on pharyngeal airway space,respiratory function during sleep. Methods 　15 patients were analyzed using a 1 night sleep study for full polysomnography（PSG） before and 1 week after operation.The monitoring indicators of PSG include AHI index,the average and lowest blood oxygen. Results The data showed that AHI changed significantly after surgery,especially the increase of the obstructive apnea and hypopnea; there was no significant change in the average blood oxygen. Conclusions 　A large amount of mandibular setback might inhibit biological adaption and cause sleep-disordered breathing.We should control the setback in a suitable distance to prevent the obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).

Objective To study and discuss the complications that occurred during 122 consecutive maxillary sinus augmentations via the lateral window approach and to propose solutions to manage these complications. Methods This study evaluated 69 men and 53 women requiring 122 consecutive sinus elevation procedures between August 2010 and July 2013. All had already completed prosthodontics. Pretreatment residual bone heights were recorded. The incidences of any intraoperative or postoperative sinus complications such as excessive bleeding,membrane perforation,infection,wound dehiscence,acute sinusitis,loss of bone grafts were recorded and implant survival proportion was calculated. Results 8 intraoperative membrane perforations were noted. 3 patients had few nosebleed the night after surgery.1 case of acute sinusitis and suppuration was noted 2 weeks after operation while wound dehiscence was observed in 3 cases 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. Partial loss of the bone grafts was identified in 6 of the patients and 6 implants became loose or fell off within 6 months after surgery. Conclusions Sinus floor elevation utilizing the lateral window approach may result in some complications,including membrane tear,infection,wound dehiscence,loss of grafts,and implant failure. In order to prevent and manage these complications,clinicians may examine carefully before surgery,pay more attention to the operation,repair the perforated membrane,advisably increase the antibiotic dose,and suture the dehisced wound while utilizing gargle and systemic antibiotic treatment and so on.

Objective 　To explore the validity of extracting the impacted mandibular third molar in the presence of early stage of pericoronitis with symptoms under control. Methods 　Extraction was done in experimental group in which the wisdom teeth had fusion or small bifurcate root.Conservative treatment was carried out in control group with low-moderate impacted teeth and horizontal impacted teeth.The symptomatic relief of two groups after 48 h was observed and recorded. Results In 258 teeth of experimental group,85.27% relieved completely in 48 h,11.24% improved and 3.48% have been worse.In 109 teeth of control group,21.10% relieved completely in 48 h.The symptoms were improved in 68.80% of the cases and worse in 10.09%.The effective rate in experimental group was 96.52% compared with 89.91% in control group,which demonstrated a statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05)． Conclusions 　With symptoms under control,extracting the impacted third molar at the early stage of pericoronitis may be an effective choice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of parotid masseter fascia flap,sternocleidomastoid flap and heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix on preventing the incidence of Frey′s syndrome after parotidectomy. Methods 　Having suffering from benign tumors in the parotid gland,153 patients who underwent partial parotidectomy in our hospital from 2005 to 2010 were included in this study.51 patients (control group) were treated with partial parotidectomy without parotid masseter fascia reserved.18 patients (parotid masseter fascia group) had parotid masseter fascia reserved in the partial parotidectomy.23 patients (sternocleidomastoid flap group) were treated with sternocleidomastoid flap in the partial parotidectomy.61 patients (ADM group) underwent insertion of H-ADM after parotidectomy.All the patients were inquired by questionnaire for subjective symptoms of Frey′s syndrome and objectively evaluated by Minor′s starch-iodine test.SPSS 17.0 software package was used for Chi-square test. Results 　The incidences of subjective symptoms of Frey′s syndrome in four groups were respectively 39.22%（20/51）、5.56%（1/18）、13.04%（3/23）、4.92%(3/61）and the incidences of objective ones by starch-iodine testing were 72.55%(37/51）、16.67%(3/18）、17.39%(4/23）、8.20%(5/61）respectively.The difference between the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) while there was no statistically significant difference among B,C,D groups. Conclusions 　Implanting ADM is an easy and effective way to prevent the incidence of Frey′s syndrome in the patients after partial parotidectomy,which is worth widespread use.

Objective To explore the methods to prevent Cercon Zirconia crown and bridge rework. Methods The production of 2 238 cases cercon all-ceramic zirconia crowns and bridges in my hospital was reviewed. Reasons for rework were analyzed and summarized. Results 2238 cases of patients were observed from 18 months to 5 years to investigate the quality of crowns and bridges production. 98 cases were reworked in total with the rework rate of 4.37%, among which 29 cases were for inner crown fracture, 10 cases for single crown fracture, 39 cases for porcelain collapse, 10 cases for poor fitness and 10 cases for poor color match and poor morphology. Conclusions Zirconia restorations depend on common effort of every step:strictly following Principles of tooth preparation, a detailed clinical operations, meticulous laboratory production and selecting appropriate indications.

Objective To present and discuss application of Dolphin three-dimensional image processing technology in realizing the visualization of impacted teeth. Methods Seventeen patients with impacted teeth were examined with cone beam computed tomography（CBCT）. The CBCT data were saved as digital imaging and communications in medicine（DICOM）files. The CBCT data were input into the Dolphin software and 3-dimensional（3D） dental maxillofacial model was established on a personal computer. Results Dolphin software could translate CBCT data into 3D model and clearly showed the impacted teeth shape,the exact location,the eruption direction and the relationship with adjacent teeth and surrounding organizations. It could displace the impacted teeth with full visualization. Conclusions Dolphin three-dimensional image processing technology can translate CBCT data into 3D model,realizing the visualization of impacted teeth and it is accurate and effective in the impacted teeth diagnosis and treatment planning.

Objective To evaluate the effect of two anchorage devices on molar distal movement． Methods Thirty patients with Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion because of antedisplacement of maxillary molars were randomly divided into two groups:micro implant anchorage combined with molar propeller group (group A) and Nance palatal holding arch combined with molar propeller group (group B).To compare cephalometric lateral radiographs before treatment and after molar distalization in place,The results of changes in craniofacial hard tissue after molar distalization were evaluated. Results Changes in SNA、SNB、ANB in two groups had no significant difference before and after treatment.Changes in U1-NA,U1-SN in group B were bigger than those of group A before and after the treatment.Two groups had no significant difference in moving distances of molars (P>0.05).However,the monthly average rate of movement in group A was significantly higher than that of group B. Conclusions Preliminary clinical observation shows that the application of micro implant anchorage for distal movement of molars can control the anchorage better.It has higher moving speed causes little foreign body sensation,and it′s easy to clean,and it leads to better treatment result.

Objective To compare the shear bond strength and the adhesive remnant index of six orthodonticbonding agents in simulated oral environment in vitro. Methods Sixty healthy premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups.Then the brackets were bonded with six orthodontic bonding agents (A:3M Unitek Transbond XT; B:Xihubion no-mix orthodontic direct bonding system;C:Xihubiom no-mix light cure orthodontic bonding system;D:GC Fuji ORTHO LC;E:Medicept light cure orthodontic adhesive bonding system;F:Prime-Dent light cure orthodontic adhesive bonding system) strictly according to instructions.After 24 hours′ artificial saliva bath at 37 ℃, the shear strength of each group was tested with an universal dynamometer at 1 mm/min.The shear force values at which brackets fell off were recorded.The shear strength were worked out.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyse the results.The adhesive remain index (ARI scoring) was recorded under a magnifier by 10 times.The results were dealt with by Kruskall-wallis H test. Results There was no significant differencein the bonding strength among group A,B,C,E (P>0.05).Though the bonding strength of D,F group was not significantly different (P>0.05),it was significantly less than A,B,C,E groups (P<0.05).ARI scores after Kruskall-wallis H test showed no significant differenceamong the six groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Although there are significant differences on the bonding strength ofthe six orthodontic bonding agents,all can be used in the orthodontic treatment.

Objective To compare the facial aesthetic assessment of orthodontic treatment between orthodontists and orthodontic patients,and between men and women,via Q-sort method subjective evaluation of the facial aesthetics. Methods Q-sort method was used to evaluate the facial aesthetic assessment of 20 experienced orthodontists (7 men,13 women) and 25 patients (13 men and 12 women),through rating clinical photographs of 96 post-orthodontic patients（48 men and 48 women）; Kappa agreement and McNemar test were used to analyze similarities and differences between orthodontists and patients,and between men and women. Results The survey on male facial appearance indicated more similarities shared by orthodontists and orthodontic patients,and higher agreement between men and women; while the survey of female facial appearance,showed more differences between orthodontists and orthodontic patients,with a lower conformity between men and women raters.Men tend to be more satisfied with the facial appearance than women,but the tendency is not obvious. Conclusions Orthodontists and orthodontic patients have a higher conformity in facial appearance assessment; while men and women have lower conformity in facial aesthetic assessment.

Objective The expression of HNK-1 and Nestin will be checked in the STRO positive DPSC and EMSC which are separated by immunomagnetic bead.To investigate the phenotype characteristics of DPSC and the it s correlation with EMSC to find out the purified cell source for the future study. Methods DPSC and EMSC were obtained with the indirect immunomagnetic bead seperation method.The expression of HNK-1 and Nestin was checked with the indirect immunofluorescent double marker. Results Cell counting was made before and after immunomagnetic bead separation.About 5% DPSCs and 1% EMSCs were STRO-1 positive.HNK-1 was simultaneously expressed in STRO-1 positive DPSC.HNK-1 and Nestin were simultaneously expressed in STRO-1 positive EMSC. Conclusions The STRO-1 positive DPSC expressed the EMSC marker of HNK-1 and Nestin,which shows that both of them are the stem cells from the mesenchymal tissue and the phenotype has the inheritance.

Objective To analyze the correlation between patients′bone age and morphology change of their mandibular bone when treated with Dynamax or TBA. Methods 15 patients selected for each group were treated with new Dynamax or TBA for 9 months.After removing the appliances,we observed for 3 months and then conducted cephalometric analysis of each patient. Results There were significant differences in the Co-Gn,Co-Go,Go-Gn between the two treatment groups and the control group (P<0.05).There was strong correlation between patients′bone age and morphology change of the mandibular bone when treated with Dynamax or TBA(P<0.05),but not in control group. Conclusions The Dynamax could make mandibular circumrotate backward,and promote the condyle growth both vertically and sagittallyin treatment of the Class Ⅱ division 1 patients.And there is correlation between bone age changes and the vertical and sagittal growth of the mandible.The TBA makes the mandible grow vertically.And there is correlation between bone age changes and the vertical growth.

Agranulocytosis,with complex etiology,is a type of fatal blood system disease when combined with serious infection.This report presents a case of a patient with agranulocytosis whose first symptoms are diffuse swelling and necrosis of oral mucous membrane.Furthermore,responsibilities of dentists related to agranulocytosis are also discussed.