Objective To evaluate the effect of polyhexamethylene guanidine on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs), and to explore the effect of polyhexamethylene guanidine loaded on TiO2 nanotubes on promoting the osteogenic differentiation of the modified titanium surface.Methods Differentconcentrations of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-Cl) (1×10-9、1×10-8、1×10-7、1×10-6、1×10-5kg/L) were supplemented into the culture media of rat bone marrow stromal stem cellsseparately.Thecell proliferation was assayed by MTT method. Theosteogenic differentiation markers were analyzed by real-time PCR assay. Then certain concentration of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride was loaded on the TiO2 nanotubes modified titanium surface, and theosteogenic differentiation markers were analyzed by real-time PCR. ResultsPolyhexamethylene guanidine didn’t inhibit the proliferation of rat BMSCs until the concentration was up to 1×10-5kg/L.Concentration of 1×10-6kg/L enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs. With polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride being loaded on the TiO2 nanotubes modified titanium surface, the ability of osteogenic differentiation was further enhanced. Conclusion Polyhexamethylene guanidine loaded on TiO2modified titanium surface promotes its osteogenic function in vitro, which indicates that it has the ability to enhance osseointegration in vivo.

Objective　To investigate the expression of Toll like receptor 3,4 (TLR3,4) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells lines cultured in normoxia, and to further investigate the effect of tumor hypoxia microenvironment on its expression. Methods: OSCC cell line HSC3 was cultured under normoxia conditions. Afterreachingthe exponential growth phase, the cells were collected and Real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of TLRs at mRNA and protein levels respectively. Tumor hypoxia microenvironment was mimiced by exposing the cells to hypoxia(1%O2) for 0,3,6, 12 and 24h . Both Real-time PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression change of TLR3 and TLR4. Results The expression of TLR3 and TLR4 could be detected in normoxia state. After the stimulation of hypoxia, the expression level improved significantly. Among these, the protein expression of TLR3 could increase to 6.2±0.1 times after the stimulation of hypoxia for 24 hours, while the expression of TLR4 could reach 5.6±0.1 times, which was statistically significant（p＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in HSC3could be detected in normoxia state. Hypoxia could further promote its expression.

Objective To explore the influence on retention force and fracture resistance of single root tooth with diagonal fracture when casting post was locally enlarged. Methods 105 mandibular first premolars newly extracted were gathered, with the decoronation from 2 mm above buccal cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to 2 mm under lingual CEJ prepared for the root canal therapy. 60 teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups. In three experiment groups, the tips of casting posts were enlarged by 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm respectively; in the control group, the posts were made by convention. Then all these posts were knocked into the corresponding teeth with luting agent, fractures of the teeth were observed with stereomicroscope, and the tensile tests were made to those teeth with no fractures. The remaining 45 teeth were assigned to 3 groups, and conventional casting posts, casting posts with 0.1 mm enlarged tip, and fiber posts were made respectively for fracture resistance tests. Then breaking-resistant tests were done. Results No fracture was found in the control group and the 0.1 mm enlarged group, while in the 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm enlarged groups, dental fractures were observed. There was statistical difference concerning retention force (P=0.000), but no difference concerning fracture resistance (P=0.134) between the control group and the 0.1 mm enlarged group. There was statistical difference concerning fracture resistance between the two casting posts groups and the fiber posts group (P=0.000). Conclusion The retention force of single root tooth with diagonal fracture can be enhanced with the casting posts when the tips were enlarged by 0.1 mm, with no risk of dental fracture.

Abstract: Objective To provide fundamental data for understanding the difference between various treatment fluids and to investigate the best treatment fluid for teeth replantation. Methods 277 premolars extracted for orthodontics will be collected to simulate the avulsed teeth and then soaked in HBSS, milk and 2% NaF at different drying time. Trypan blue staining technique will be used to detect the viability of PDL cells, and then subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance. And the morphologic changes of PDL will be observed under the microscope. Results The viability of PDL cells soaked in HBSS showed higher viability（94.60±0.72）than that in 2%NaF（84.37±3.98) at 30mins; At 60mins and 120mins, the viability of PDL cells soaked in HBSS(63.03±3.05、13.38±1.04) was higher than that in milk(48.9±3.47、5.73±1.29) and 2%NaF(51.93±1.72、8.60±0.74) respectively. Conclusions All the three solutions have repaired effect on viability of the PDL cells ,and HBSS is the best one.

AIM: To investigate the effect of glycoprotein (transmembrane) nonmetastatic melanoma protein b (GPNMB) on proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The expression levels of GPNMB in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. GPNMB-siRNA was constructed, and then transfected into Tca-8113 cells. MTT assay and transwell chamber were used to determine the effect of GPNMB-siRNA on Tca-8113 cell proliferation and invasion. RESULTS: GPNMB were up-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. In addition, MTT assay indicated that the proliferation of Tca-8113 cells was significantly inhibited by GPNMB-siRNA, and GPNMB-siRNA also markedly inhibited Tca-8113 cell invasion. CONCLUSION: GPNMB may play an important in Tca-8113 cell proliferation and invasion, which laid the foundation for studying the mechanism of GPNMB in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To study the biological performance of the mineralized collagen coatings on titanium implant prepared by electrochemical deposition technique. Methods In this study, the electrochemical deposition technique was used to prepare the mineralized collagen coating on titanium surface, simulated body fluid (SBF) was used to characterize the HA-induced capacity, and MTS method was adopted to evaluate the adhesion and proliferation behaviors of the osteoblast cells. Results In vitro experimental results showed that the mineralized collagen coating was stable in simulated body fluid (SBF), and it could promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblast precursor cells. Conclusion Modification of the mineralized collagen coating on titanium implant surface can effectively promote its biological activity.

Objective　To evaluate the clinical effects of fenestration decompression and cyst plug in treatment of jaw cystic lesions.Methods 61 cases of jaw cystic lesions, diagnosed by pathological examination of partial tissue resection, were treated with fenestration decompression and cyst plug by the 1 cm * 1.5 cm ~ 1.5 cm * 1.5cm window opening into the cystic cavity. During the follow-up period of 1～3 years, bone regeneration and prognosis were observed in all patients. Results All cases were cured. There were no severe complications, such as hemorrhage, infection, permanent mandibular nerve injury and recurrence after operation in all cases. Their facial appearance and function have improved significantly by clinical examination, and bone regeneration was in good condition by oral panoramic radiographs. Furthermore, jaw cystic lesions disappeared completely in some cases of children.Conclusion Fenestration decompression combined with cyst plug can reduce the size of the jaw cystic lesions, and make cystic lesions disappear in some cases. Moreover, fenestration decompression combined with cyst plug can restore the morphology and function of jaw mostly;it is an effective method for treating jawcystic lesions.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of artificial bio-membrane combined with bovine bone mineral on guided bone regeneration of mandibular cyst postoperative bone defect. Method　A total of 12 patients with mandibular cyst were divided into two groups. The bone defect of group A was filled with blood clot after excision of mandibular cyst, while group B was filled with bovine bone mineral and covered with artificial bio-membrane. The cone beam CT(CBCT) data was analyzed to evaluate the bone regeneration of the above two groups. Result　CBCT data showed that the bone regeneration of cyst postoperative bone defect of group B was faster and better than group A. Conclusion　Haiao membrane combining with Bio-Oss bone GBR reparation technique is reliable and effective in treatment of mandibular cyst postoperative bone defect.

Objective To compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and dental plaster model (DPM) in the measurement of the dental arches. Methods The dental arches of the 110 patients were scanned with the CBCT and their DPMs were also obtained. Two experienced examiners took eight arch measurements on the CBCT images and DPMs. And coupled arch measurements of these two clinical detection methods were compared separately by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results No significant difference between DPM and CBCT were found in five arch measurements (P>0.01). Although there were statistical difference between DPM and CBCT in space analysis, total dental Bolton analysis and width between canine (P<0.01), the exactly mean differences of these three arch measurements were respectively less than 1 mm. Conclusion CBCT provided the same accuracy as DPM in the measurement of the dental arches.

Objective: To investigate the alveolar bone thickness around apex of central incisor of early youth, and to analyze the correlation with cephalometric measurement of hard tissue. Methods: To assess 42 malocclusion pations who were accordance with the inclusion criteria with cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to measure the thickness of alveolar bone around apex of the 168 central incisors with MIMICS 10.0 software. To do the cephalometric measurement of the 42 pations with CBCT three-dimensional and lateral cephalogram two-dimensional measurements, and the application of SPSS 21.0 statistical software was for the analysis of the correlationship between the thickness of alveolar bone and the results of cephalometric measurement. Results: The thickness of the labial Alveolar bone around apex of the upper central incisor of early youth is positively associated with the protrusion of the upper central insicor, and is negatively correlated with SNA. The situation of the palatal thickness is as opposed to the labial thickness. The thickness of the labial and lingual Alveolar bone around apex of the lower central incisor is negatively correlated with SN-MP.The labial thickness of the lower central incisor is positively associated with ANB and the protrusion of the lower central insicor, and the situation of the palatal thickness is as opposed to the labial thickness. Conclusion: Some cephalometric indexes of hard tissue are related to the Alveolar bone thickness around apex of central incisor of early youth, which has the clinical reference value.

Abstract Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of micro-screws with rocking-chair archwire in treatment of Bi-maxillary dental protrusion. Methods: A total of 12 cases of Bi-maxillary dental protrusion patients with removal of four first premolars were chosen。The cases were treated with micro-screws and rocking-chair archwire .Cephalometric indicators changes before and after treatment were compared. Results: 12 patients were successful treated, Incisors retracted significantly :U1-SN mean reduced 12.92°,U1-NA mean reduced 12.92°,U1-NA (mm) mean reduced 5.90mm, L1-MP mean reducted12.75°,L1-NB mean reducted of 9.98°,L1-NB (mm) mean reduction 5.19mm ;Soft tissue profile improved significantly:NLA mean reduced 11.39°,EP-UL mean reduced 3.58mm, EP-LL mean reduced 3.78mm; MPA、OP-FH increased not significantly. Conclusion: Micro-implant anchorage with rocking-chair archwire can effectively treat Bi-maxillary dental protrusion.

Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy of short implant used in the marginal bone loss posterior regions and to discuss the use value of the short implant. Methods A retrospective study design was adopted. The clinical and radiographic data of 37 short implants in 26 patients (3mm≤bone height≤6mm) from 2009 to 2011 were collected after 25 to 48(mean 36) months’ follow-up to estimate the clinical result. The survival rate was evaluated according to Buser and Cochran’S survival criteria. Results The overall cumulative survival rate was found to be 97.3% and 1case early failure before restoration in the maxillary molar region was observed. The mean loss in margin bone height was less than 1.5 mm．Conclusions In the case of low alveolar ridge height of maxillary posterior region (3 mm≤H≤6 mm), survival rate of short implants over an average period of 36 months was favorable and comparable with longer implants.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of all-ceramic resin-bonded bridge made of hot-pressed casting porcelain with improved tooth preparation in patients losing one or two mandibular anterior teeth. Methods 32 patients received the treatment. 32 two-retainers all-ceramic resin-bonded bridges were made. The integrity of the restorations, secondary caries of the abutments and the shade in the margin of the retainers were observed at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the treatment. Result No loose and break of the bonded bridges were found after 3 months and 6 months. One prosthesis lost bond after 1 year, and two prostheses lost bond after 2 years, but they still could be used after being re-bonded. No secondary caries on the abutment and shade in margin of the retainers were observed after 2 years. Their color matched the adjacent teeth excellently. The success rate was 90.6%. Conclusion All-ceramic resin-bonded bridge made of hot-pressed casting porcelain with improved tooth preparation can obtain good restoration effect in patients losing one or two mandibular anterior teeth.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of the modified telescopic denture on restoration for the patients with tilted molars as abutments in mandible. Methods The fixed partial denture was made for 27 patients with the first molar defect and the second molar tilted in mandible. The axis of the tilted abutment was adopted by using the modified telescopic inner-crown to achieve a common path of insertion for a fixed partial denture. Results A 0.5-2 years’ follow-up study was conducted on the patients to evaluate the effects of the modified telescopic inner-crown on the fixed partial denture. After they were applied to these patients, all dentures were comfortable, stable and functioning. The abutments were healthy without endodontic and periodontal disease. X-Ray showed no the adsorption of alveolar. Conclusion The modified telescopic denture is a well-accepted treatment modality in patients with the titled molars.

Abstract: Objective To survey on effects of periodontal treatment on pregnant outcome in pregnant women with periodontitis. Methods 63 pregnant women diagnosed with maternal periodontitis were selected in Wuxi Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital during 2012 April –December. The pregnant women were divided into periodontal treatment group (totally 32) and control group (totally 31). The OHI-S, SBI, PD , CAL were recorded at the beginning and at 32th gestational week; GCF volume was measured by filter strips and IL-1β was measured by ELISA at the same time; pregnant outcome was tracked. The result was analyzed with chi-square test, t test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results ①OHI-S, SBI, PD, GCF volume and IL-1β volume of periodontal treatment group at 32th gestational week were significantly lower than the beginning, and lower than the control group (P <0.05)；②Gestational age of periodontal treatment group was longer than the control group, and there were fewer adverse pregnancy outcomes in treatment group than in the control group (P <0.05)；③GCF volume and IL-1β volume at 32th gestational week and gestational age were negatively correlated (P <0.05). Conclusions Periodontal treatment may help reduce the incidence of the adverse pregnancy outcomes of maternal periodontitis women.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate and compare the outcomes of Light-SpeedLSX systems in single-visit and two-visit root canal treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis after a 2-year follow-up. Methods 300 maxillary and mandibular teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned into two groups. While the teeth of patients in group A were obturated, those in group B were temporarily sealed and obturated one week later. All canals were enlarged with Light-speedLSX root canal instruments. The healing results were clinically and radiographically evaluated 2 years after the operation. Results Of the 300 treated teeth, 138 of 147 teeth (93.88%) in the A group were healed compared with 122 of 137teeth (89.05%) in the B group, curative effects of 5 cases (3.40%) in the A group were classified as uncertain compared with 9 cases (6.57%) in the B group, 4 cases (2.72%) in the A group and 6 cases (4.38%) in the B group were classified as not healed. Chi-square test was used to compare the success rate of the two groups. Statistical analysis of the healing results did not show any significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference between the single-visit and two-visit root canal treatment in patients with chronic apical periodontits prepared by Light-speedLSX root canal instruments.

Objective To investigate extraction of non-metal foreign bodies under ultrasound guidance in oral and maxillofacial trauma. Methods B ultrasound was used to locate 22 cases of maxillofacial non-metal foreign bodies and then surgical extraction was performed. Result Among all 22 cases, 20 were successfully located and extracted under B ultrasound guidance, and in 2 cases, foreign bodies failed to be found and were extracted with MRI examination. Conclusion Ultrasound can accurately locate non-metal foreign bodies, which is very important to clinical treatment and planning operation.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Super-bond C&B interproximal bonding on fixing anterior teeth traumas. Methods 179 patients with loose teeth of II ~ III degree or complete teeth dislocations due to traumas (474 teeth in total) were selected in the outpatient department of stomatology in this hospital. Super-bond C&B interproximal bonding (E) was used to fix teeth which were severely loose or in dislocation. This method was compared with the conventional wire ligation method (A), dental arch splint method (B), wire enamel adhesive method (C), and fragments of edgewise technique loose tooth fixation method (D) in terms of periodontal health and fixation effects. Curative effects were also observed. Results Gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of group E were significantly lower than those of group A, B, C, and D (P < 0.01), and its fixation effect was better than that of A, B, C, and D group (P < 0.01). Conclusion For the fixation of anterior teeth traumas, Super-bond C&B interproximal bonding method doesn’t affect much the periodontal health and has reliable curative effects.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and identify the possible clinical risk factors associated with the temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in young people in Xinjiang. Methods A sample of 812 medical students was randomly selected from Xinjiang Medical University. The prevalence of TMD was analyzed by Helkimo index, and the possible risk factors associated with the disease were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of TMD was 39.50% in this population. Malocclusion, chewing-side preference and bruxism were the main risk factors which increased the possible occurrence of TMD . Conclusion Malocclusion and occlusal stress fatigue were related to the formation of temporomandibular disorders.

　Cathepsin K(CTSK) was once regarded as a collagenase specifically expressed by osteoclasts and played an important rolein bone resorption. However, more and more research found that CTSK was expressed in more extensive cells, tissues and organs. It may not only participate in regulating human physiological activity, but also be closely related to a variety of diseases. This paper reviewed the research progress on the role of CTSK in stomatognathic diseases includingperiodontitis, peri-implantitis, tooth movement, oral and maxillofacial tumor, root resorption and peri-apical disease.

With the improvement of their properties, dental resin composites have been widely used in the dental fields. As a major component of the dental resin composites, inorganic filler plays an important role in their performance. In recent years, extensive research has been attempted to develop materials with preferable mechanical properties. Different types of hydroxyapatite, such as particles, whiskers, nanofibers and so on have been used to enhance light-cured resin composites, dramatically improving the mechanical properties of the materials. This paper mainly reviewed the advances of hydroxyapatite in enhancing the mechanical properties of the dental resin composites.

MicroRNA (miRNA) are highly conservative sequence of the coding protein widely existing in eukaryotic organism .The mature miRNA are 20~24 nucleotides, which can regulate a variety of cellular activities including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. miRNA-448 can regulate adipocytes differentiation; it influences the accumulation of triglycerides and expression adipocytes, and also gets involved in the self-regulatory mechanisms of obesity. Moreover, it was found in a study that miRNA-448 could impact the immune response of the organism after microorganism infection through influencing the replication of hepatitis C virus. MiRNA-448 becomes a new biomarker due to its abnormal expression in the liver cancer、breast cancer、glioma and other tumors, and miRNA-448 is involved in cancer differentiation, invasion, transfer by the action of a plurality of target genes like STAB1、κB and5-HT2B . Recently we built a expression profile of miRNA and mRNA through a high-throughput deep sequencing technology in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and found that miRNA-448 increased 10-fold compared to adjacent tissues and became the most elevated one in the hundreds of detected miRNA, so it may play an important role in OSCC. However, there is no research reporting miRNA-448 in OSCC yet. To enhance deep understanding of the role of miRNA-448 in OSCC, we are reviewing the progress of miRNA-448.

Abstract：In deep dental caries, as caries-related bacteria invade into dentinal tubules and come close to the pulp, odontoblasts, which are situated at the pulp-dentin interface and function as the first defense line toward cariogenic bacteria, can sense bacteria via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs, including Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) for different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), produce proinflammatory cytokines, express cell adhesion molecules, and initiate innate immune responses. Many kinds of cytokines and adhesion molecules are involved in the initiation and development of pulpitis. This article reviews the research progress on how odontoblasts recognize bacterium-related factors via TLRs and NODs, cause pulp immune responses and function in subsequent pulpitis.