Objective To investigate the effect of IL-17 on modulating the expression of RANKL and OPG in human periodontal ligament cells（hPDLCs）under hypoxia. Methods Human PDLCs were incubated in the normoxia (normal oxygen tension) and different hypoxic atmospheres (oxygen volume fraction 10%, 5%, 2%) for 24 hours. After that, cell proliferation assay was determined using CCK-8 technique. The expression levels of RANKL and OPG were determined by western blotting and real-time PCR. Results Human PDLCs proliferation increased in the normoxia and the hypoxic atmosphere of 10% O and 5% O and had a positive correlation with time in a time-dependent manner while the hPDLCs proliferation was inhibited in the hypoxic atmosphere of 2% O. With the decrease of oxygen concentration under hypoxia, OPG mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated at first and then down-regulated meanwhile RANKL mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated after stimulated by hypoxia. Conclusions The relative RANKL/OPG expression ratios increase mostly in a hypoxic atmosphere of 5% O, suggesting that moderate hypoxia can modulate the alveolar remodeling via regulating the expressions of pro-osteoplastic molecules of hPDLCs through IL-17.

Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new type of low polymerization shrinkage resin matrix material on L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Methods The three fluorine meta-position methyl phenyl acrylate 3F-PAc was synthesized by our experimental group, which is a low polymerization shrinkage resin matrix. Then it was compared with the traditional clinical commonly used resin matrix Bis-GMA, and the experiment group was divided into three groups, Bis-GMA, 3F-PAc 1 and 3F-PAc 0 group, among which 3F-PAc 0 group did not add the TEGＤＭA diluent agent. The immersed solution of the three groups of material was diluted to four grades 100%, 50%,25% and 12.5%; the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) test was used to detect the relative cell proliferation rate of the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 co-cultured with the different solutions for 1, 3, 5 days. Compared with the negative control group, the cell toxicity grade was evaluated. Results All the cytotoxicity of the experimental group extracts was grade 0~1,except that the 100% extract of Bis-GMA and 3F-PAc 1 group were 2. The absorbance value (D) of 3F-PAc 0 groups was significantly higher than that of 3F-PAc 1 group and Bis-GMA group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. However, the difference between 3F-PAc 1 group and Bis-GMA group was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The new 3F-PAc resin matrix material has no cytotoxicity but has comparatively good biosecurity. The TEGＤＭA diluent agent may be a part reason of the cytotoxicity of the resin material.

Objective To use the Porphyromonas gingivalis ipopolysaccharide(P.gingivalis-LPS) to infect human u-mbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), then to observe the change of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in infected endothelial and to discuss the relationship between P.gingivalis and atherosclerosis (atherosclerosis,AS) at the same time. Methods First HUVECs were cultured in vitro, and different concentrations of P.gingivalis-LPS were put into the cultivated cell solution after fusion to monolayers. Then enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) was technically used for detecting the expression of MMP-9 in HUVECs as co-cultured for 6,18,24 hours respectively. The influence of P.gingivalis-LPS on HUVECs proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Results Under the environments of our experiment, the expression levels of MMP-9 increased (P<0.05) after the stimulation on HUVECs with different concentrations of P.gingivalis-LPS for 6,18, 24 hours. Compared with control group, after the treatment of P.gingivalis-LPS, HUVECs showed obviously decreased proliferation viability(P<0.01). Conclusion P.gingivalis-LPS can increase the expression level of MMP-9 in HUVECs, and then accelerate the occurrence and development of AS.

Objective An animal model with dental implants put into Beagle dogs’ mandible was established for the study of early phases of bone healing around implants with Micro-CT. Methods Four inbred healthy Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups: group A and group B. The bilateral mandibular fourth premolars and first molars were extracted. Three months after extraction, eight dental implants were separately implanted in the corresponding teeth defect area, every 2 dogs were sacrificed at 2,4 weeks after the implantation, and the clinical presentation and Micro-CT detection were examined. Results The animals recovered without complication, implants were successfully put into the corresponding teeth defect area, the clinical examination showed no significant diffe-rences, Micro-CT detection showed BV/TV ratios of peri-implant bone after the implantation were greater for the group of 2 weeks compared with the group of 4 weeks, and the differences between the two groups had statistical significance(P≤0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the rest of bone microstructure measurements around implants. Conclusion The animal model of Beagle dogs with normal implantation has been established successfully. Early phases of bone healing around titanium implants involve bone resorption and bone formation. 4 weeks after the implantation, bone resorption is greater than bone formation, and Micro-CT detection is a useful assessment for bone microstructure measurements around implants.

Objective To study the role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG), the inhibitor of Wnt signaling pathway, in the marsupialization treatment of jaw keratocystic odontogenic tumor(KCOT). Methods Twenty-five specimens of KCOT were obtained, twenty before marsupialization, five after marsupialization, three treated with EGCG solution and two with normal saline(NS). The expressions of FZD3 and MAPK10, Wnt signaling pathway genes, were detected. The normal oral mucosa of the same patient was as control. Result Compared to normal oral mucosa, the expressions of FZD3 and MAPK10 in KCOT were up-regulated, which decreased after the treatment of marsupialization with normal saline, but were still higher than those of normal oral mucosa. However, the expressions of FZD3 and MAPK10 in KCOT sharply decreased after the treatment with EGCG and were similar to normal oral mucosa. Conclusion FZD3 and MAPK10 genes are over-expressed in KCOT. Marsupialization with EGCG can block the expressions of FZD3 and MAPK10, which play a role in the treatment of jaw KCOT.

Objective To study the effect of alkali-and-heat treatment combined with ultraviolet irradiation on properties of titanium surface and the ability of inducing hydroxyapatite(HA) deposition. Methods The specimens were divided into three groups, which were treated by sandblast and acid-etch(SLA),SLA with alkali-and-heat treatment(AAH), AAH with ultraviolet irradiation(UV). The physicochemical properties of these titanium were tested. HA deposit was examined by SEM with EDX and X-ray diffraction(XRD) after simulated body fluid(SBF) immersion test. Results Rough morphology with multilevel holes was formed on titanium after acid-alkali-heat treatment and ultraviolet irradiation. UV showed the best water contact angle,approximately 0°. Besides,calcium and sodium were induced in UV group. HA deposit was found on the specimen surfaces after SBF immersion test with the largest amount and fastest speed. Conclusions The titanium after alkali-and-heat treatment combined with ultraviolet irradiation has suitable bioactivity in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effects of Rap1b on the early osteogenic differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts(Mc3T3-E1). Methods Mc3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation was induced by osteogenic induction. The relative expression of mRNA Rap1b was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, at 0, 3 and 7 d respectively. At the same time, Rap1b-mus-462 and Rap1b-mus-703 were transfected to the experimental group cells respectively, and stained by ALP at 4 d. Then the mRNA relative expression of Rap1b was determined, and the mRNA expressions of ALP, Runx2 and Osterix at 0, 3, 7 d were also measured. And the effect of siRNA transfection on the migration of Mc3T3-E1 cells was observed by scratch test. Results The expression of Rap1b increased with the induction time in the early stage of osteogenic induction. The expression of Rap1b decreased after siRNA transfection, and the expression of Osterix, Runx2 and ALP decreased. The migration ability of Mc3T3-E1 cells decreased. Conclusion Rap1b can promote the osteogenic differentiation of Mc3T3-E1 cells and cell migration in the early stage.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of zirconia ceramic post on the restoration of large defects of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 200 anterior teeth with large-area defects were randomly selected after sound root canal treatment and divided into 2 groups (each contains 100 cases). Teeth in the experimental group were restored with zirconia ceramic post in combination with composite resin, while those in the control group received the restoration of glass fiber post and composite resin. All the cases were regularly followed up to evaluate the clinical effects. Results After two years of follow-up, 94 cases in experimental group were successful, while 6 cases failed. Meanwhile, 72 cases in the control group were successful and 28 cases failed. Significant difference was detected between the experimental group (94%) and control group (72%, P<0.01). The failure rate of zirconia ceramic post was significantly lower than the glass fiber post according to the occurrence rate of the post fracture, restoration fall-off and gingival edge defect (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in terms of the part loss of resin(P>0.05). Neither root fracture nor luxated abutment was observed in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion During the treatment of anterior teeth with large defects, the zirconia ceramic post is superior to glass fiber post. The former has a higher success rate and fewer complications which is worth of further clinical application.

Objective To explore the risk factors of non-syndromic cleft palate, which is helpful for its early prevention. Methods A case-control study was performed to detect the environmental risk exposure of non-syndromic cleft palate cases. Univariate and multiple conditional Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association between risk factors and the risk of non-syndromic cleft palate. And SPSS 19.0 was applied to do the statistical analysis. Results In total, 63 non-syndromic cleft palate cases and 209 healthy controls were recruited in this study. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that family history (OR=19.808), pregnancy parity (OR=3.876), passive smoking during pregnancy (OR=5.076), alcohol drinking during pregnancy (OR=9.414), infection during pregnancy (OR=12.346) and low education level of father (OR=2.780) were risk factors of non-syndromic cleft palate. Conclusions Family history，pregnancy parity, passive smoking during pregnancy, alcohol drinking during pregnancy, infection during pregnancy and low education level of father may be the main risk factors influencing the occurrence of non-syndromic cleft palate in Jiangsu and its surrounding areas.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of FNAC as a preoperative diagnostic tool of parotid masses. Methods The medical histories of 98 patients who had satisfactory preoperative FNAC and underwent subsequent surgery to the parotid between 2013 and 2016 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed, taking the final results of the histopathological diagnosis as the standard. Results The results of the FNAC were compared with the permanent histopathological diagnosis assays. Rates of accuracy of FNAC for parotid masses were, in turn, non-neoplasm (88.9%), benign tumor (74.0%) andmalignant tumor (56.3%). The sensitivity, specificty, positive predictive value and the nagtive predictive value of FNAC for non-neoplasm, 88.9%, 91.0%, 50.0%, 98.8%, respectively; for malignant tumor were 87.5%, 97.6%, 87.5%, 97.6%, respetively. Two false positive cases were cyst of parotid gland and pleomorphic adenoma. The false negative cases were malignant lymphoma of parotid. Conclusion FNAC is useful in the preoperative assessment of parotid masses and surgical planning. Ultrasound-guided puncture and biopsy，tissue biopsy for histologic examination and frozen section may be necessary for few misdiagnosed cases.

Objective To analyze the image of the implant cases after extracting inflammatory maxillary molar by CBCT, and discuss the relationship between the degree of inflammation and maxillary sinusitis and the effect of planting time on the survival rate of implants. Methods The study analyzed CBCT images of 73 patients with inflammatory teeth. According to the relationship between inflammation and the bottom of maxillary sinus, there were three groups(Group A: inflammation entered into the bottom; Group B: inflammation connected with the bottom; Group C: inflammation had a certain distance to the bottom), through the measurement of the vertical distance from inflammatory maxillary molar to maxillary sinus bottom to observe their correlation, by measuring the bone resorption degree of CBCT coronal plane to assess the efficacy of planting. Results The incidence of maxillary sinusitis in group A was 100%, the incidence rate of group B was 77.1%, and the incidence rate of group C was 42.9%. There were 2 implants off in the 73 implant cases, which were immediate implant cases. The other cases were good after CBCT image analysis. Conclusion The smaller the distance between inflammation and maxillary sinus, the greater the risk of maxillary sinusitis is. The removal of the diseased teeth is conducive to the recovery of maxillary sinusitis. The survival rate of immediate implant placement is lower than that of early implant placement and delayed implant placement.

目的 探讨水平“V”形截骨内推术对矫正颧骨颧弓过突的可行性并评价其效果,讨论其适应证。 方法 选取27例患者，均通过口内和耳屏前双切口行水平“V”形截骨内推术以矫治颧骨颧弓突出。采集术前、术后的头颅侧位片、螺旋CT和面部定位照相综合评价。 结果 所有27例患者的术后外观显示突出的颧骨颧弓有效地降低，均未发生严重的并发症,且面中部轮廓有明显改善。手术医师及病人均对术后效果感到满意。 结论 我们认为水平“V”形截骨内推术是一种缩小颧骨、降低颧弓的有效手术方式,并且保证了术后颧骨体和颧弓结构的完整性。

Objective To construct a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary, mandible, denture, and temporo-mandibular joint by using Advansync appliance. To explore the efficacy of guided forward movement, the labial inclination of lower anterior teeth, and occlusal plane change under the different mandible condition of centric position, rest position and the maximum opening position. Methods The patients with the malocclusion of Angle Class Ⅱ division 1 after the initial alignement and leveling stage were selected. CBCT was used to scan the skull. Mimics17,Geomagic Studio 2013, and Unigraphics NX8.5 software were used for computer image processing, then ANSYS Workbench15.0 software was applied to establish a three-dimensional finite element of Advansync appliance. Results The three-dimensional finite element model of Advansync appliance including MBT straight-wire appliance was obtained. With Advansync appliance the action of mandible and lower incisors had the tendency to move forward and downward, and the occlusal plane mainly had the trend of upward and backward movement, which decreased with the increase of opening. Conclusion The result suggests that the main effect of Advansync appliance is to cause forward and downward mandibular modification in the opening and closing movement process.

Objective To observe the changes of alveolar bone in chronic periodontal patients after periodontal therapy by CBCT. Methods Fifty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly selected and the distance from the enamel cementum to the alveolar ridge was measured by CBCT in the four sites of the periodontal ligament, the distance between the alveolar space and the alveolar bone from the top of alveolar crest to the apical level of alveolar bone. The changes of alveolar bone after periodontal treatment were evaluated. Results There were no significant changes in the height of alveolar bone after four periodontal treatments in patients with chronic periodontitis (P>0.05). After the third periodontal treatment, the alveolar bone density increased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion CBCT can evaluate the changes of alveolar bone before and after periodontal treatment of chronic periodontitis, which has certain clinical application value.

Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)，which is one of the main virulence factors of periodontitis, results in the inflammatory injury of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) directly or indirectly. However, hPDLCs reside in a inflamed and hypoxic microenvironment due to their special location. Thus, simulating the inflammatory microenvironment of hPDLCs in vivo will be beneficial to clarifying the mechanism of periodontitis. In this paper, research on the inflammatory injury in hPDLCs induced by LPS under hypoxia will be entensively reviewed.

Due to chemical similarity of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) to inorganic component of bone matrix, nano-HAP and its composites have attracted particular attention in the field of regenerative medicine. However, our understanding of the effect and mechanism of nano-HAP on bone regeneration is still fragmentary. In addition, very little is known about the interaction of nano-hydroxyapatite with the body with regards to its toxicity. In this article, the application, mechanism and biological safety of nano-HAP in bone repair will be reviewed.

Currently the duration of orthodontic treatment for adult teeth is 2 to 3 years even longer on average, which increases the risk of the occurrence of oral diseases. Therefore, how to physiologically accelerate orthodontic tooth movement within the permissible range is the common goal of orthodontists and patients. Orthodontic tooth movement accompanies alveolar bone reconstruction, so enhancing the bone remodeling can increase the velocity of tooth movement. In addition, the efficiency of the orthodontic appliance also has significant influence on the duration of orthodontic treatment. The current methods to accelerate tooth movement are mainly divided into five categories: high-efficient orthodontic appliance, drug therapy, physical therapy, surgical therapy and gene therapy. This paper reviews these current methods to further understand research progress of the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.

口腔鳞癌是一个日趋严重的世界范围内的问题；在过去几十年里，口腔鳞癌患者的生存率及预后仍无明显的提升。本文就口腔鳞癌的定义、流行病学、病因学、治疗及患者5年生存率和预后的现状等进行综述。

The amount of anterior tooth display, which is one of the most important esthetic parameters in anterior zone, has become a significant reference for prosthodontic and orthodontic treatment. Clinical research shows that the maxillary incisor display at rest and during smile is about 2-4 mm and 8-10 mm respectively. With the increasing age, maxillary anterior tooth display gradually decreases while mandibular anterior tooth display increases. Also, the anterior tooth display is affected by sex and lip length. Meanwhile, there is no uniform standard for the preference of anterior tooth display. Hence, it is essential to take patients’ esthetic demands and their own oral conditions into full consideration when making treatment plans.

Micro-implant anchorage is an effective method to enforce anchorage during orthodontic treatment of convex profile, which has been used widely. Because micro-implant anchorage is able to achieve an effective result which traditional anchorage can notachieve,more and more orthodontists choose micro-implant in clinic. Recently,many domestic and foreign scholars do a lot of studies about application,advantages and disadvantages of micro-implant anchorage. Many valuable results have been got. This article reviews the indication and stability of MIA, the comparison of retraction and intrusion of anterior teeth with traditional anchorage, the effect of retraction and intrusion of anterior teeth and the development of micro-implant, thus cleaving a promising prospect for MIA.

牙周加速成骨正畸(periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics, PAOO)近年来在正畸治疗中被广泛应用，该文就PAOO的概念、PAOO辅助加速正畸牙各种方式移动并且降低牙根吸收风险作一综述。

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is a common respiratory disease. Oral appliance is one of the methods of its treatment, which can change patients’ upper airway anatomy and improve the patients’ breath to cure OSAHS.