With the increase of patients with temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome, tooth wearing and edentulous jaws, the clinical demand for oral rehabilitation of stomatognathic system is also increasing. As a clinical operation with high technical sensitivity, oral rehabilitation involves mandibular position, vertical distance, occlusal plane and dynamic guidance and static occlusion. With the continuous application and development of digital technology in the field of dentistry, how to combine digital with oral rehabilitation and constructing a standardized clinical workflow has always been a clinical difficulty. This article intends to introduce the clinical workflow of digital oral rehabilitation to provide clinicians with a rigorous and standardized reference.

Objective　 To evaluate the effects of melatonin on the function of osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).　Methods　 Melatonin was added into hPDLCs as experimental group. The blank control group was not added with melatonin. The effect of different concentrations of melatonin on proliferation of hPDLCs was assessed through MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, Alizarin red S staining, Real-time PCR and Western Blot were used to observe the ALP activity, formation of mineral nodules, mRNA and protein expression of hPDLCs, respectively.　Results　 Compared to the control group, the proliferation of hPDLCs in the melatonin groups decreased. Melatonin was shown to enhance the ALP activity and expression of hPDLCs. The melatonin groups were observed more mineral nodules compared to the control group. Real-time PCR and Western Blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of Col-I, Runx2 and OSX increased by melatonin in different concentration.　Conclusions　 Melatonin has a promoting effect on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, and it has further research on the value of periodontal regenerative therapy.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Lnc RNA KCNQ1OT1 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TSCC) cells through targeted regulation of miR-506-3p. Methods The expression levels of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-506-3p in normal gingival epithelial cells (HGE) and TSCC cell lines（CAL27, SCC9 and SCC15） were detected by RT-qPCR. CAL27 cells were used as research objects. CAL27 cells with KCNQ1OT1 low expression or miR-506-3p high expression were constructed. Then MTT detected cell proliferation. Transwell detected cell migration and invasion. Western blot detected the expression of Cyclin D1, MMP2, MMP9 and β-catenin protein. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment verified the regulatory relationship between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-506-3p. Results Compared with HGE cells, KCCQ1OT1 expression of TSCC cell lines CAL27, SCC9 and SCC15 increased (P<0.05), and miR-506-3p expression decreased (P<0.05). After KCNQ1OT1 low expression or miR-506-3p high expression, CAL27 cell survival rate, number of migrating and invading cells, and expression of CyclinD1, MMP2 and MMP9 protein decreased (P<0.05). KCNQ1OT1 low expression also reduced β-catenin protein expression in CAL27 cells（P<0.05）. The low expression of miR-506-3p mitigated the effects of KCNQ1OT1 low expression on the survival rate of CAL27 cells, the number of migrating and invading cells, and the expression of CyclinD1, MMP2, MMP9 and β-catenin protein (P<0.05). Conclusion The low expression of KCNQ1OT1 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of TSCC cells. The mechanism of action is related to the up-regulation of miR-506-3p expression and the inhibition of Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway activation.

Objective To compare the effects of different mechanical treatments such as sandblasting and laser on the shear bonding strength of zirconia ceramics and dentin. Methods Eighty blocks of zirconia cuboid specimens (4 mm ×4 mm ×6 mm) were prepared and randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=16) in accordance with their surface treatment: (A) untreated, as control; (B) sandblasted with Al2O3; (C) Er:YAG laser; (D) Nd:YAG laser; (E) femtosecond laser. Scanning electron microscopy was taken to observe surface morphology and profilometer was used to measure roughness. Zirconia blocks were cemented with 50 prepared dentin planes with resin cement. All samples were measured for shear bonding strength with a universal testing machine. Each specimen of interface destruction mode was observed using optical microscope. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS 25.0 software. Results Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the micromorphology of the zirconia surface after different treatments changed significantly. The roughness values from large to small were: Group B (1.29±0.25)μm, Group E (1.05±0.20)μm, Group C (0.66±0.11)μm, Group D (0.49±0.11)μm, Group A (0.34±0.07)μm. Groups B and E were larger than any other group (P<0.05). The shear bond strength values from large to small were: Group E (10.87±2.67)MPa, Group B (8.90±1.52)MPa, Group C (6.10±1.36)MPa, Group D (5.69±1.01)MPa, Group A (4.21±0.90)MPa. Groups E and B were larger than any other group (P<0.05), and Group E was larger than Group B (P<0.05). The differences in the values of roughness and shear bond strength were both statistically significant after surface treatments (P<0.05), the values of shear bond strength varied with the roughness and the variation tendency of the two were generally consistent. Conclusion Femtosecond laser and sandblasting can significantly roughen the surface of zirconia. So, sufficient micromechanical interlocking effect is formed when zirconia ceramics and resin adhesive are bonded, which significantly improves the bonding strength. And femtosecond laser is the most ideal way to improve the shear bonding strength, which is a promising surface treatment for zirconia ceramic.

Objective　 To investigate the effect of concentrated growth factor on somatosensory changes at forearm donor site. Methods　 Thirty patients who underwent reconstruction with radial forearm flap from July 2019 to July 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University were enrolled in this study, including 16 cases in experimental group and 14 cases in control group. In the experimental group, CGF was prepared during the operation and covered on the exposed radial nerve, while the control group was left untreated. After 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up, quantitative sensory test was assessed. We compared the difference between the two groups of postoperative sensory recovery. The statistical methods we used were Mann-Whitney test and independent sample t test, and P<0.05 indicated statistical difference. Results　 The difference in mechanical detection threshold between the experimental group and the control group at 3 and 6 months after surgery and the difference between the mechanical pain threshold and pressure pain threshold at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were statistically different (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in cold pain threshold (P=0.417, P=0.151) at 1, 3 months. Cold detection threshold, warm detection threshold and hot pain threshold at 1, 3 and 6 months and cold pain threshold at 6 months between the two groups were statistically different (P<0.05). Conclusion　 CGF can promote the recovery of postoperative sensation at forearm donor site.

Abstract： Objective: To study the correlation between the mandibular condyle bone density and the skeletal patterns, gender and age by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The CBCT data of 800 patients before orthodontic treatment was collected to measure the condylar cortical bone density, cancellous bone density and total bone density at the maximum diameter of the mandibular condyle on both sides of the horizontal plane. The patients were grouped according to gender, age, sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns, and the average bone density between the groups was compared. Results: The cortical bone density and total bone density of females were higher than those of males (P<0.001). Both cortical and total bone density increased significantly with age (P<0.001). The average overall condylar bone density increased with the mandibular plane angle, and the average total condyle bone density in the hypodivergent group and the hyperdivergent group was statistically different (P= 0.047). The average total condyle bone density in the group II was significantly higher than that in the group I (P<0.001), and the average total condyle bone density in the group II was higher than that in the group III (P=0.016). Condyle bone density decreased in group I with increasing mandibular plane angle (P=0.083), and condyle bone density increased in group II with increasing mandibular plane angle (P=0.226). In group III, the condyle bone density increased with the increase of the mandibular plane angle (P=0.008). Conclusion: The mandibular condyle bone density of women is higher than that of men, and the condyle bone density increases with age. Mandibular condyle bone density is related to ∠ANB and mandibular plane angle. Keywords：mandibular condyle bone density; skeletal patterns; CBCT

Objective To evaluate whether Nasoalveolar Molding(NAM, modified Figueroa) had a significant long-term effect on the growth of maxillary and mandible in unilateral complete cleft lip/palate infants（UCLP）. Methods: The sample consisted of 26 UCLP infants who were treated with NAM (NAM group) and 30 UCLP without NAM (CRT group). The lateral cephalometric radiographs of all infants were obtained at age of 8.5-9.5. McNamara cephalometric analysis was used to measure and evaluate. Results : In mixed dentition, the variables(A-NP、SNA and ANB) of molding group were significant higher than that of control group（p<0.05）. The MXMD-DF variable of molding group were significant lower than that of control group（p<0.05）.The other variables of two groups were not significant difference . Conclusion: 1.The growth of maxilla is better in the age of mixed dentition in UCLP infants with NAM than those without. 2.NAM had no effect on the growth of mandible and occlusion.

Objective　 For skeletal Class III patients with maxillary deficiency and permanent dentition，we planted TADs on the maxilla, putting on Class III elastics between the implants and lower jaws, evaluated the effect and mechanism of this procedure. Methods The adolescent class III patients with permanent dentition were instructed class III elastics between the implants and the lower dentition. The cephalometric measurements of the patients before and after treatment were analyzed to evaluate the mechanism of the treatment. Results The patients profile improved after treatment , normal overbite and overjet were both achieved.SNA Angle increased by 1.58°,ANB Angle decreased by1.62°,the midface length,Co-A distance increased by 3.07mm ,the occlusal plane was rotated anticlockwise by 6.06°,Wits Appraisal increased by 7.51mm.During the treatment, both anterior and posterior facial height was increased significantly, while P/A facial height ratio and the mandible plane angle remained stable after treatment. Conclusions For Class III patients with maxillary deficiency who refused orthognathic surgery, implants on maxilla to retract the lower dentition also have effects of maxillary protraction that can move the midface forward which would benefit the profile of the patients. Comparing with the facemask maxillary protraction, the mechanics we used could control the clockwise rotation of the mandible better and have dental effects on aligning the crowded teeth and rotating the occlusal plane. Because the elastics elongated the lower incisors, the patient’s incisors exposure should be considered when this mechanics is used.

Objective to study the influence of gender on the evaluation of soft tissue profile in patients with skeletal Class II facial pattern. Methods from 2016 to 2020, 30 patients with skeletal Class II facial pattern in Jiangsu stomatological hospital were selected: 15 males and 15 females, aged 18-36 years. The natural head position silhouette photos of each patient before treatment were collected and CBCT was taken. Photoshop software was used to modify 30 photos to hide the hair, eyelashes, laryngeal nodes and other features that revealed gender characteristics. The same software was used to overlap CBCT synthetic lateral cephalograms with natural head position silhouettes to obtain lateral cephalograms with natural head positions. 30 silhouette photos without gender features and 30 silhouette photos without gender features (indicating gender) were randomly scrambled and made into slides, which were automatically played every 5 seconds. Invite non professionals to rate the two groups of slides respectively. The data were collected and sorted out, and the gender characteristic groups were divided into high group and low group. The holdaway analysis method was used to measure the indicators, and the independent sample t test was used to compare the differences among the indicators. Results the overall average score of the group without gender characteristics was lower than that of the group without gender characteristics (P < 0.05). The average score of male without gender characteristics group was lower than that of male without gender characteristics group (P < 0.05). The average score of women without gender characteristics group was lower than that of women without gender characteristics group (P < 0.05). In the group without gender characteristics, the score of male was higher than that of female (P < 0.05). The high score group and low score related measurement indicators were A-point convexity, upper lip base thickness, mentolabial groove depth, chin thickness (P < 0.05). Conclusion the gender of patients with skeletal Class II facial pattern has an impact on the evaluation of soft tissue profile. The aesthetic indexes affecting the evaluation of facial profile are A-point convexity, upper lip base thickness, mentolabial groove depth and chin thickness.　

Objective　To compare the 5-year clinical outcomes between tilted implants and axial implants in All-on-4 implant restoration through a retrospective study. Methods　A total of 26 patients who accepted maxillary and/or mandibular All-on-4 rehabilitation treatment in the Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from October 2013 to October 2015 were followed up. A total of 120 implants were included, including 60 tilted implants and 60 axial implants. Immediate fixed rehabilitation supported by implants was performed after operation, and final rehabilitation was performed 3-6 months later. After 5 years of follow-up, the differences of implant survival rate, marginal bone level changes and the incidence of complications between tilted and axial implants, among tilted implants with different angles and between implants in upper and lower jaws were statistically analyzed. Results　①The overall 5-year implant survival rate of implants in All-on-4 implant restoration was 98.33% (tilted implants 96.67%, axial implants 100%). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.496). ② After 5 years of loading, the average marginal bone resorption of inclined implant was (1.16±0.98) mm, and that of axial implant was (1.11±0.76) mm. There was no significant difference in marginal bone level changes between the two groups (P=0.709). ③ There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between tilted and axial implants. Conclusion　In all-on-4 implant rehabilitation, tilted implants have a high 5-year implant survival rate and a relatively stable marginal bone level, which is similar to that of axial implants. The application of distal tilted implants has satisfactory 5-year clinical outcomes.

Abstract：Objective To investigate the status of HIV infection in patients admitted to the affiliated stomatological hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the distribution characteristics of western blotting assay (WB) antibody in HIV positive patients. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to review the general data of patients. The sample rates were compared using SPSS 23.0 software for Chi-Square analysis. Results A total of 47,825 patients underwent HIV antibody screening from August 2008 to June 2019, among whom 35 were confirmed to be infected with HIV. The age group of 20-40 years old was the main age composition, with the male-female sex ratio of 6:1, and the local patients in Nanjing were 60%. The HIV infection rate in the population was 0.59 per 100,000.The positive rate of HIV antibody screening in population was 0.73‰, among which the male was significantly higher than the female, and the mucosal group was significantly higher than the non-mucosal group. The proportion of HIV positive patients screened at the first visit was 88.57%.Among those infected with HIV who underwent other tests at the same time, the positive rate of candida albicans was 100% and the white blood cell decline rate was 7%. WB antibody band analysis showed that the detection rates of gp160, gp120 and gp41 were all 100%, and the detection rate of p55 was the lowest, 43.75%. Conclusion Doctors in stomatological hospitals need to be familiar with various clinical manifestations of AIDS to promote the early detection and treatment of HIV infection patients. The routine diagnosis and treatment work needs to strengthen the protection to prevent the iatrogenic infection of HIV.

Insufficient width of peri-implant keratinized tissue is a common problem of implant restoration. Previous studies have shown that sufficient keratinized tissue width is not only conducive to the control of plaque, but also can improve the long-term stability of implants. At present, the main approaches for increasing the width of keratinized tissue in clinical practice are: apically repositioned flap, autologous tissue transplantation, allogeneic tissue transplantation, etc. This review summarized the significance of peri-implant keratinized tissue width and the research progress on various methods of keratinized tissue, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived hormone secreted by the pineal gland of the brain. In recent years，a large number of studies have found that melatonin can promote periodontal health，so its role in periodontitis has received more and more attention. This article reviews the correlation between melatonin concentration in saliva and periodontitis，the mechanisms of melatonin affecting periodontitis，and the progress in the application of melatonin as an exogenous chemical factor in periodontal bone tissue engineering， in hopes of providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g) is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, which is the main pathogen of periodontitis, especially chronic periodontitis. Studies have shown that periodontitis is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). This process involves a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms, and P. g, as one of the key periodontal pathogens, plays an important role. At present, our understanding of the relationship between P. g and APO and its mechanism of interaction is still limited. This paper intends to review the direct or indirect evidence of the relationship between P. g and APO in recent years, and to make a review of the relationship and mechanism of interaction between P. g and APO.

Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the most aggressive type of oral malignancy, accounting for 50 to 60 percent of oral cancers. Despite the advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, TSCC remains one of the deadliest forms of head and neck cancer. MicroRNAs are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that are responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA expression. As effective oncogenes or tumor suppressors, they participate in the regulation of the pathogenesis and process of various diseases including TSCC. A large number of MicroRNA analyses were performed in TSCC samples, revealing their effects on the potential molecular mechanisms of TSCC initiation, development, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, recurrence, and prognosis. This paper summarizes the correlation between MicroRNA and TSCC.

Abstract：Fixed orthodontic technology is one of the main methods to treat malocclusion. However, the orthodontic appliances may affect the microecological environment of the oral cavity, which may lead to diseases such as enamel demineralization and gingivitis. The application of antibacterial materials in the preparation of fixed orthodontic appliances, such as orthodontic adhesives, arch wires brackets, etc., can provide a new method for preventing these diseases. This paper reviews the application research progress of organic antibacterial agents, inorganic antibacterial agents and other antibacterial materials in fixed orthodontic treatment.

Lateral sinus floor elevation is an effective treatment method to increase the bone height of posterior maxillary alveolar ridge, whose success depends on the formation of new bone and the long-term survival rate of implants. There are many factors affecting the formation of new bone and the survival rate of implants after the lateral sinus floor elevation, such as the height of remaining alveolar bone, the size of bone window, the coverage of bone window, and the way of bone grafting. Some scholars have considered that reducing the size of bone window can preserve more residual bone, while covering the biological barrier membrane or replaceable bony window can prevent the invasion of soft tissue, which has a positive effect on the formation of new bone and the survival rate of implant. Some scholars have proposed that adult stem cells with differentiation potential, using growth factor to replace autologous bone and other bone replacement materials should be combined to promote the formation of new bone. Some scholars have proposed that during simultaneous implantation, the reduction of residual alveolar bone height or without grafting would not affect the formation of new bone and the survival rate of implants, so as to expand the indication range of lateral sinus floor elevation. This paper tries to discuss these related factors.

Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous cytokine secreted by adipose tissue. After binding to the receptor, it participates in the body's metabolic regulation. Therefore, adiponectin and adiponectin receptors have also become important molecular targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. The research of adiponectin signal transduction has a positive effect on guiding the clinical treatment of bone metabolism related diseases. This article reviews the biological characteristics of adiponectin, its signal transduction, and the effects of adiponectin on bone metabolism to provide a reference for the treatment of adiponectin in bone metabolic diseases.