As the simplest type of DNA polyhedron, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNAs)gradually show their potential in stomatology. tFNAs continue to attract attention due to their excellent endocytosis ability, tissue permeability, strong editability, and predictability. This article summarizes the relevant literature, discussing the advantages of tFNAs in preparation and biological behavior regulation. It focuses on the latest research progress and potential application value of framework nucleic acids in stomatology. It provides a theoretical basis for future nucleic acid drugs to achieve broader clinical applications.

Objective To explore the effect of personality characteristics on the facial esthetic satisfaction of edentulous patients, in order to provide reference for improving esthetic satisfaction after complete denture restoration. Methods Twenty-two edentulous subjects were randomly selected. Before complete denture treatment, the emotional stability of patients was assessed by Eysenck personality questionnaire N scale score(EPQ-N). Before and three months after treatment, patients completed the orofacial esthetic questionnaire, and 3D stereophotogrammetry was performed to evaluate the changes in facial appearance. In addition, multiple linear regression model was established by using N scale score, changes in facial appearance and facial esthetic satisfaction score. Results After complete denture treatment, the difference in the ratio of the middle and lower parts of the face between patients and the normal group was reduced by (3.85±2.63)%, and the difference of the nasolabial angle between patients and the normal group was reduced by (6.66°±5.39°). The multiple linear regression model showed that N scale score and changes of the differencein the facial proportion between edentulous subjects and normal population were influencing factors of patients’ esthetic satisfaction on the facial appearance, and the N scale score and changes of the difference inthe nasolabial anglebetween patients and normal population were influencing factors of the patients’ aesthetic satisfaction on the facial profile. Moreover, the effect of two independent variables(N scale score and facial soft tissue change)on the aesthetic satisfaction of facial appearance and facial profile was statistically significant(P<0.001). Furthermore, when the N score increased, the patients’ aesthetic satisfaction on the facial appearance and facial profile decreased(B<0). Conclusion Personality can affect the aesthetic satisfaction of edentulous patients. Consequently, we should take reasonable measures for patients with different personality in the process of complete denture restoration, so as to achieve the goal of improving patients’ aesthetic satisfaction.

Objective To study the efficacy of submucosal injection of dexamethasone in analgesia and detumescence after incremental bone implantation, and to analyze the related factors of pain and swelling after incremental bone implantation. Methods Patients with dentition defect requiring bone increment(GBR or internal maxillary sinus lift)were collected from the Special Clinic of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2023 to December 2023. Pain and swelling within 72 hours after surgery were measured and recorded, as well as possible influencing factors, including gender, age, number of implants, duration of surgery, and other factors. Oral health status, pre-FAC tension and PSQ pain sensitivity were compared between the two groups at different time. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were performed for the possible influencing factors. Results Patients receiving dexamethasone intervention had significantly lower pain levels at 12 hours and significantly lower swelling scores at 48 hours. Correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that GBR had a significant effect on postoperative pain and swelling(r=0.348, P=0.030/r=0.441, P=0.005), and the linear regression model of pain degree was also statistically significant(R²=0.126, P=0.030). Conclusion Submucosal injection of dexamethasone can significantly relieve the pain, swelling and discomfort of patients after incremental bone implantation, and improve the comfort of diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To apply cone beam CT measurements(CBCT)to analyze the effect of skeletal Class Ⅲ high angle with deviation on upper airway morphology and hyoid position. Methods A total of 120 patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ high angle malocclusion who visited our hospital from September 2019 to December 2022 were selected. CBCT was taken in all subjects. According to the degree of mandibular deviation (MD) of the point under the chin from the median sagittal plane, the 120 patients were divided into three groups: non-migratory, mildly migratory, and severely migratory groups, and the volume of the upper airway as well as the position of the hyoid bone of three groups were measured and analyzed respectively. Results There was no significant difference in the volume and minimum cross-sectional area of the nasopharyngeal segment, palatopharyngeal segment, and minimum cross-sectional area of the laryngopharyngeal segment. No siginificant difference was found between the position of the hyoid bone(HB) on the Y-axis (Y-HB) and the position of the hyoid bone on the Z-axis(Z-HB) among the three groups(P>0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the volume and total volume of the nasopharyngeal segment, the laryngopharyngeal segment, and minimum cross-sectional area of the laryngopharyngeal segment in the group of severe deviation were significantly reduced(P<0.05) and X-HB was significantly larger(P<0.05). Conclusion In patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ hyperkeratosis with severe deviation, the total volume of the glossopharyngeal segment, laryngopharyngeal segment, and upper airway, as well as the minimum cross-sectional area of the glossopharyngeal segment were smaller than those of the othertwo groups. In patients with severe deviation, the position of the hyoid bone(HB) in the X-axis(X-HB) was larger than that of the non-migratory group, indicating that migratory jaws mainly affect the morphology of the lingual-pharyngeal segment as well as the laryngopharyngeal segment of the upper airway;the effect of migratory jaws on the hyoid bone is reflected in the X-HB, indicating that migratory jaws can lead to the deviation of the hyoid bone from the median sagittal plane.

Objective To study the possibility of using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)with CTAn software to analyze bone resistance during mandibular third molar extraction surgery. Methods Fifty-three patients who underwent CBCT scans for third molars at the Department of Stomatology from January 1st 2021 to July 31th 2023 were induded, involving a total of 91 mandibular third molars. CTAn software was used to analyze the buccal and lingual bone volume regions around mandibular third molars in CBCT images, assessing three-dimensional bone microstructural parameters. Results Significant differences(P<0.05)in tissue volume, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, bone surface/trabecular bone volume, bone surface/tissue volume, and bone mineral density between the buccal and lingual bone volume areas were observed in both the total sample and in stratified analyses based on themesially inclined/verticalmandibular third molar impactionand gender. In high/mid-level mesially inclined and vertical impactions, females showed more significant differences in microstructural parameters of the buccal and lingual bone volume compared to males. Conclusion The integration of CBCT with CTAn software offers a viable method for assessing bone resistance during mandibular third molar extractions. Lingual bone exhibits greater bone tissue content, denser trabeculae with smaller tissue volume compared to buccal bone. During mandibular third molar extraction, compressing the buccal alveolar bone helps create trabecular compression space more easily.Additionally, the buccal alveolar bone is more amenable to grinding than the lingual side, thereby achieving a reasonable buccal dislocation of root. For female patients with high/mid-level mesially inclined and vertical impactions of the mandibular third molars, a buccal approach is more advisable to be followed. The evaluation of bone microstructural parameters and accurate determination of bone resistance offer valuable insights for the minimally invasive removal of impacted teeth.

Objective To investigate, before and after sucrose challenge, the difference of saliva microbiome between caries-free (CF) and caries-active (CA) individuals, and to explore the potential key microorganisms that is more susceptible to sucrose challenge. Methods Eighteen systemic healthy volunteers, among which 8 were caries-free and 10 were caries-active, were recruited. Saliva samples were collected pre-treatment and at 30 min and 2 h after the sucrose treatment. Microbial diversity and community structure were analyzed and compared using Illumina sequencing platform. Results The diversity and abundance of saliva samples from caries-free individuals was similar to that from caries-active individuals before sucrose treatment. After 2 h of treatment, the microbial diversity of the CA group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (P<0.05). The results of Beta diversity analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. The dominant species, which were represented as Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Neisseria and Veillonella, in the two groups were similar but different in abundance. There was no significant change in the abundance difference of Veillonella between CF and CA before and after treatment. The abundance differences of Prevotella and Alloprevotella between CF and CA increased and the abundance difference of Neisseria decreased after sucrose treatment. The results of LEfSe analysis showed that Prevotella, as one of the dominant bacteria in the two groups, was significantly more abundant in the CA group than in the CF group after sucrose treatment, suggesting its potential biomarker role. Conclusion The diversity and composition of saliva microbiome changes subject to sucrose challenge, which is more significant in caries-affected individuals. The response of salivary microbe to sucrose challenge is different between caries-free and caries-active individuals. Prevotella is a potential biomarker of caries.

Objective To evaluate and compare the treatment efficacy between concentrated growth factor(CGF) and blood clots(BC) as scaffolds in regenerative endodontic procedures(REPs). Methods Twenty young permanent teeth from 18 healthy children with pulp necrosis or periapical periodontitis were randomly divided into CGF group and BC group. In the CGF group(n=10), after apical bleeding, CGF was inserted into the root canal as a stent. In the BC group(n=10), by stimulating apical bleeding, blood entered the root canal and produced blood clots as scaffolds. Clinical examination and apical X-ray shooting were conducted for each follow-up visit. Cone beam computed tomographic(CBCT) images were acquired preoperatively and at the 24-month recall. The increase of root length, root wall thickness, and newly-formed calcified tissue were calculated. Results The root length increased by (1.68±0.90)mm in the CGF group and (2.36±1.34)mm in the BC group. Root wall thickness increased by (0.44±0.34)mm in the CGF group and (0.50±0.31)mm in the BC group. There was no statistically significant difference in root lengthening and root wall thickening between two groups(P>0.05). The amount of newly formed calcified tissue in the CGF group ((22.13±19.12)mm³) was significantly less than that in the BC group ((42.97±22.69)mm³)(P<0.05). According to the goals for success outlined by American Association of Endodontists(AAE), 90%(9/10) of the CGF cases and 100%(10/10) of the BC cases achieved the primary and secondary goals(P>0.05). 40% of the CGF cases(4/10) and 60% of the BC cases(6/10) achieved the tertiary goal(P>0.05). Conclusion CGF is found to be useful as a scaffold for REPs, but the success rate is slightly lower than that of BC group and the difference is not statistically significant.

Objective To investigate the differences in the morphological structure and spatial position of the temporomandibular joint among patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Methods A total of 68 young adults with malocclusion were enrolled and allocated into skeletal Class Ⅰ group, skeletal Class Ⅱ group and skeletal Class Ⅲ group according to sagittal skeletal patterns. InVivo 5 software was used to reconstruct the cone-beam CT images of all patients, and 17 research items related to condyle, glenoid fossa and articular eminence were measured and analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the morphological structure and spatial position of bilateral temporomandibular joints in patients regardless of sagittal skeletal patterns(P<0.05).Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ and skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, skeletal Class Ⅱ patients had smaller mediolateral diameter of condyle, steeper posterior slope of articular eminence, and more posterior position of condyle, articular eminence and glenoid fossa. Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ and skeletal Class Ⅱ patients, skeletal Class Ⅲ patients had smaller condyle axial angle and lower height of articular eminence. Conclusion There are significant differences in condyle morphological structure, articular eminence morphological structure, and spatial position of condyle, articular eminence and glenoid fossa among patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns.

The stability of marginal bone level is an important factor in ensuring long-term good clinical efficacy of implantation. The design of implant-abutment interface(IAI)is of considerable importance,including whether undergoing multiple abutment disconnection, whether platform switching is used, connection type, connection torque, and connection material differences. These factors can affect the micro gap and micro movement of the connection interface, which change the size of micro leakage and mechanical stability, thereby affecting the long-term clinical efficacy of implants. This article presents a detailed review of the progress of research on different designs in implant-abutment interface, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and operation of abutments in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple bioactive lysophospholipid widely dispersed in human body, has been reported to regulate the proliferation, chemotaxis and differentiation of multiple cells and further participate in various developmental and pathophysiological processes through at least six specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), LPA₁-LPA₆. Recently, the possibility of targeting LPA or LPA receptors in bone remodeling has been heatedly discussed. On the one hand, LPA modulate the activities of bone-related cells directly. On the other hand, LPA might be the potential regulator that links the nervous-vascular-immune-skeletal systems, which could provide a good microenvironment for bone remodeling and further promote bone regeneration. Thus, this review summarizes recent studies on the effects and application prospect of LPA on bone remodeling.

The reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a significant factor influencing various aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including its occurrence, development, metastasis, and resistance to radio-chemotherapy. There is a considerable elevation in the expression levels of enzymes and genes related to lipid metabolism in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. This up-regulation is associated with both treatment resistance and a poor prognosis. This review focuses mainly on alterations in lipid metabolism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. It systematically explores the atypical expression and clinical significance of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, evaluates their influence on treatment resistance, elucidates the underlying mechanisms of this resistance, and discusses current and potential targeted therapeutic approaches. The comprehensive analysis comprises four pivotal aspects: de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, glycerophospholipids metabolism, and mevalonate and cholesterol synthesis pathways. Feasible strategies, such as the adjustment of dietary structure, the administration of multi-target drugs, and the utilization of combination treatment therapies, are deliberated as potential interventions to modulate lipid metabolism, reverse treatment resistance, and enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments.

With the growing demand for facial aesthetics, facial asymmetry has emerged as a prominent clinical concern. Skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion could not only affect facial aesthetics, but also have an adverse effect on oral function. Facial asymmetry is caused by complex factors and can manifest in various ways, including morphological asymmetry of the maxillofacial unit, positional asymmetry of maxillofacial units, and transverse dentition compensation. Therefore, comprehensive classification based on maxillofacial features of facial asymmetry is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and surgical planning. This article aims to review recent progress of research on the maxillofacial features, classification, and treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion with facial asymmetry, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

With the development of regeneration technology, intentional replantation (IR) has gradually become the important treatment. Some affected teeth that are difficult to be cured by conventional methods, such as refractory periapical periodontitis, radicular groove and combined periodontal-endodontic lesions, can be preserved through IR. IR is effective in the treatment of teeth with severe periodontal destruction. This article reviews the historical development, clinical operation and influencing factors, and provides reference for exploring the treatment plan of IR for a single tooth with severe periodontal destruction and the preservation of patients’ natural dentition.