270名5岁自闭症儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2023.12.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children with autism and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of dental caries in children. Methods According to the standards and methods of the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey, a total of 270 5-year-old children with autism in a special education school in Qingdao were investigated for dental caries. A questionnaire survey was also conducted among the parents, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results The caries prevalence rate of primary teeth in 5-year-old autistic children was 64.81%. The mean DMFT was 3.09±3.41, and the caries filling ratio was 27.42%. Single-factor analysis showed that all factors in the questionnaire had no significant effect on the caries prevalence(dmft)(P>0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between the influencing factors and the caries rate(dt)was analyzed. In children who had shorter brushing time and more frequency of eating snacks and drinking beverages at night, the caries rate(dt)was higher(P<0.05). Factors related to dental filling rate(ft)due to caries were(P<0.05):daily brushing times, the total time of brushing teeth, whether parents assisted in brushing teeth, gargling or brushing teeth after meals. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis with caries prevalence(dt)as the dependent variable showed that the total time of daily tooth brushing less than 1 minute and frequently eating snacks and drinking beverages at night after tooth brushing/before bedtime were the risk factors for primary teeth caries in children with autism(P<0.05). Conclusion The caries rate of primary teeth in 5-year-old autistic children is high, so more attention should be paid to enough brushing time every day and correcting the habit of eating snacks before bedtime. Dental caries may be an important reason to improve the oral health habits of children with autism, and oral health guidance should be strengthened in the dental visit process.

Key words: autism, children, caries, primary tooth, risk factor, epidemiological investigation

CLC Number:

R788.1

HOU Liyuan,LIU Mengjia,GONG Wen,WANG Jiaying,XIN Bingchang,TENG Nana,ZHANG Jin,SUN Degang. Investigation and analysis of dental caries and its influencing factors in 270 5-year-old children with autism[J]. Stomatology, 2023, 43(12): 1081-1085.

Figures/Tables 3

Tab.1

Tab.2

Single factor analysis of caries in 270 5-year-old children with autism n(%)"

因素	受检人数	患龋人数	χ²	P	有龋人数	χ²	P	因龋补牙人数	χ²	P
性别
男	235	149(63.40)	1.582	0.209	136(57.87)	0.312	0.577	46(19.57)	0.708	0.400
女	35	26(74.29)			22(62.85)			9(25.71)
每日刷牙次数
早晚各刷1次	117	78(66.67)	2.713	0.438	64(54.70)	2.397	0.494	29(24.79)	12.632	0.006
晚上刷1次	83	57(68.67)			54(65.06)			22(26.51)
早晨刷1次	40	22(55.00)			22(55.00)			2(5.00)
不是每天都刷牙	30	18(60.00)			18(60.00)			2(6.67)
每日刷牙总时长
<1 min	37	29(78.38)	3.480	0.175	29(78.38)	11.209	0.004	3(8.11)	12.430	0.002
1~3 min	170	107(62.94)			101(59.41)			30(17.65)
>3 min	63	39(61.90)			28(44.44)			22(34.92)
家长是否协助刷牙
家长每天帮孩子刷	93	67(72.04)	3.694	0.296	59(63.44)	2.030	0.566	29(31.18)	13.016	0.005
家长有时帮孩子刷	115	72(62.61)			66(57.39)			16(13.91)
孩子自己刷	54	31(57.41)			28(51.85)			10(18.52)
不能配合或还没开始刷	8	5(62.50)			5(62.50)			0(0.00)
晚上刷牙后睡觉前吃零食/喝饮料
经常吃+每天吃	22	19(86.36)	5.946	0.051	18(81.82)	9.292	0.010	6(27.27)	4.250	0.119
偶尔吃	121	80(66.12)			76(62.81)			18(14.88)
从不吃	127	76(59.84)			64(50.39)			31(24.41)
饭后漱口或刷牙
饭后从不漱口	94	55(58.51)	2.934	0.231	55(58.51)	0.401	0.818	11(11.70)	9.714	0.008
饭后偶尔漱口	146	98(67.12)			87(59.59)			33(22.60)
每次饭后漱口	30	22(73.33)			16(53.33)			11(36.67)
平时进食饮料、饼干等零食的次数
每天1次或更少	103	63(61.17)	4.072	0.131	57(55.34)	2.488	0.288	19(18.45)	1.371	0.504
每天2~3次	122	77(63.11)			70(57.38)			24(19.67)
太多次数,数不清楚	45	35(77.78)			31(68.89)			12(26.67)
出生时的分娩方式
顺产	127	83(65.35)	0.031	0.861	74(58.27)	0.006	0.937	27(21.26)	0.117	0.732
剖宫产	143	92(64.34)			84(58.74)			28(19.58)
出生时的体重/kg
≤2.5	12	8(66.67)	1.022	0.6	6(50.00)	0.386	0.825	3(25.00)	12.071	0.002^*
2.5~4.0	238	152(63.87)			140(58.82)			42(17.65)
>4.0	20	15(75.00)			12(60.00)			10(50.00)
出生后6个月内的喂养方式
母乳为主	164	111(67.68)	1.531	0.465	99(60.37)	1.322	0.516	37(22.56)	1.236	0.539
母乳奶粉各半	59	36(61.02)			35(59.32)			10(16.95)
奶粉为主	47	28(59.57)			24(51.06)			8(17.02)
父母最高学历
高中、中专及以下	40	28(70.00)	7.803	0.050	27(67.50)	5.522	0.137	4(10.00)	5.932	0.115
大专	43	29(67.44)			28(65.12)			9(20.93)
本科	146	85(58.22)			76(52.05)			29(19.86)
硕士及以上	41	33(80.49)			27(65.85)			13(31.71)

Tab.2

Tab.3

References 28

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性别	人数/牙数	有龋坏的人数/牙数	因龋缺失的人数/牙数	已充填无龋的人数/牙数	患龋的人数/牙数	患龋率/%	龋均	龋补充填比/%
男	235/4 700	136/498	4/4	46/190	149/692	63.40(149/235)	2.94±3.27	27.62(190/688)
女	35/700	22/103	1/2	9/37	26/142	74.29(26/35)	4.06±4.14	26.43(37/140)
合计	270/5 400	158/601	5/6	55/227	175/834	64.81(175/270)	3.09±3.41	27.42(227/828)
χ²/F						1.582	3.278	0.082
P						0.209	0.071	0.774

影响因素	β	S.E	Wald χ²	P	Exp(B)	95%CI
每日刷牙总时长	-0.984	0.278	12.509	<0.001	0.374	0.217~0.645
晚上刷牙后睡觉前吃零食/喝饮料	-0.593	0.218	7.419	0.06	0.553	0.361~0.847

Investigation and analysis of dental caries and its influencing factors in 270 5-year-old children with autism

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