【Abstract】Tooth defects and lost are common and frequently-occurring oral diseases, which will affect the functions of mastication, language, digestion, etc, and even physical and mental health.Current treatmentsbelong tonon-biologicalmethods, hard to restore the normal structures and functions of natural tooth.With the development of biology technology,application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with tissue engineering technique to regenerate dental tissues is advance and key scientific issues.However,how the MSCsdifferentiated into odontoblasts is still unclear; it restricts the research and clinicapplications in dental tissue regeneration. So discovering the odontogenic differentiation potential, regulation and underlying molecular mechanisms of MSCs has the important scientific significance for clinic application of MSC mediated dental tissue regeneration.

Objective　To investigate the effect of Hydroxycamptothecin on the proliferation，apoptosis，migration and distribution of the cellcycle in FaDu after exposed to HCPT. Methods　Human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line FaDu was cultivated. The growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay and the migration was measured by Transwell migration assay. The apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry after the treatment with HCPT. Results　MTT and Transwell experiments showed that certain concentration of HCPT could effectively inhibit the growth and migration of cell line FaDu. According to the results of flow cytometry，the cell cycle was arrested in S phase and apoptosis was obviously induced after treated with HCPT(80ng/ml).Conclusions　HCPT can inhibit the growth and migration of cell line FaDu and induce its apoptosis. HCPT induced apoptosis of the cell cycle in FaDu is probably connected with its effect on the cell cycle of FaDu.

Objective To detect the expression levels of SMAD4 in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TSCC) and analyze its correlation with cellular differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis. Methods 8 cases of normal oral mucosa paraffin specimens, 38 cases of TSCC paraffin specimens were collected in the present experiment. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of SMAD4 in normal and TSCC tissues. Results SMAD4 protein in squamous cell carcinoma tissues showed lower expression level than in normal tongue mucosa tissues(P <0.05). Well differentiated TSCC and moderately or poorly differentiated TSCC had no significant difference in overall expression levels of SMAD4 protein（P＞0.05）. But the SMAD4 expression in nuclei of the cells in well differentiated TSCC group was higher than that in moderately or poorly differentiated TSCC group（P＜0.05）. SMAD4 expression in nuclei of the cells in non- metastatic TSCC group was higher than that in metastatic TSCC, especially in moderately or poorly differentiated TSCC group (P <0.05). Conclusion The expression level of SMAD4 in TSCC , especially in nuclei of the cells correlates with differentiation levels of TSCC cells and tumor metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the expression difference of Btbd7 gene in the different developmental stages of neonatal SD mice roots and discuss its role in the process. Methods: The tooth germ specimens of neonatal SD mice containing the first mandibular molar were prepared on the 8th,11th,15th,19th day after birth. Using conventional HE staining,we observed HERS morphology during the root developmental stages and tested Btbd7 expression by immunohistochemistry technology. Results:Btbd7 gene expressed highly in HERS cells and it decreased in the wake of its grown . Conclusion: Btbd7 gene specifically expressed in the structure of HERS in space-time and may anticipate the formation and stretch of tooth root branches during the neonatal SD mice root development.

objective: by detecting different concentrations of antibacterial peptide of osteoblast value-added, migration, osteogenesis, protein synthesis, the influence of alkaline phosphatase activity, cell batches, explore antibacterial peptide effects of the local drug concentration range.Methods: 24 h MG63 cells culture, the different concentrations of antimicrobial peptide (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ug/ml) to join MG63 osteoblast culture, continue to incubation 1 d and 2 d, 3 d, 4 d and 21 d, inverted microscope to observe the cell morphology, (1, 2, 3 d) after the scratch method to detect cell migration ability, and with 2 d after testing its value-added activity of cells and protein synthesis, the effect of 4 d after testing its effect on the cell activity of alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining test groups of osteogenesis after 21 d calcium nodule formation;Cell subculture 3 times, determined by MTT detection osteoblast value-added activity, microscope observation osteoblast form.Results: 0-20 ug/ml of antimicrobial peptide form of osteoblast, on cell proliferation and protein synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity has no effect, has no effect on cell subculture;25 to 30 ug/ml of antimicrobial peptides have an effect on the morphology of osteoblast, inhibition of cell proliferation and protein synthesis, promote the activity of alkaline phosphatase, batches of cells.Conclusion: the effect of antibacterial peptides in antibacterial, sterilization, 10-20 ug/ml antibacterial peptides can be used as antibacterial peptide effects of the local drug concentration range.

Objective　No universally accepted classification exists for intracapsular condyle fractures (ICF). In this study we proposed a new classification based on the concept of “disc-condyle” unit and aimed to validate the feasibility and clinical values of this classification. Methods　From 2010 to 2014, adult patients with unilateral intracapsular fractures were included and classified into three types. Type A was defined by reduction of the mandibular height with or without disc displacement. Type B had disc displacement without mandibular height reduction. Type C had no mandibular height reduction nor disc displacement. Open reduction and fixation treatment was performed for both type A and B fractures, while type C fractures were managed nonsurgically. CT, MRI, and function examination were conducted to evaluate patients’ prognosis and the clinical values of the new classification. Results　There were 55 patients included in this study, 31 with type A,17 with type B,7 with type C. In the 6-month follow-up, no differences in vertical ramus height, mandibular deviation, protrusion and lateral protrusion were observed between the fractured and healthy sides. All patients had normal occlusion and functional recovery post-operatively and only one patient in type A was reported to have pain in the joint area. MRI and CT examination showed good osseous healing and disc-condylar relationship in all cases. Conclusions　This study shows the effectiveness of the new classification, and the importance and the necessity to recover the position of the articular disc in the treatment and prognosis of ICFs.

Objective　Complete removal of submandibular gland including the tumor is the main operation method of benign submandibular gland tumors. This paper aims to establish a gland-preserving operation for benign tumors of the submandibular gland and evaluate its efficacy. Methods　 40 patients with benign submandibular gland tumors treated in our department from January 2007 to December 2008 were randomly divided into two groups: the gland was completely removed in one group and partially preserved in the other one.. Duration of operation, extent of injury to the nerve, postoperative function of the gland, aesthetic appearance, and recurrence of the two groups were assessed and compared. Results　 There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics among patients in two groups. The extents of injury to the nerve, together with deformities of the facial contour, were significantly less in the group in which the gland was preserved than in which the gland was completely removed. Postoperative gland secretive function and overall patients’ satisfaction were better in the former group. There was no recurrence in either group during the follow up period of 38 months–5 years. Conclusions　The gland-preserving procedure has advantages over the typical approach in which the gland is sacrificed. There is less risk of injury to the nerve, less deformity of the facial contour, and better preservation of gland function, and patients are more satisfied. The gland-preserving technique can therefore be the first choice for management of benign submandibular tumors.

Objective　 Combined CT three-dimensional reconstruction with skull anatomy observation, to explore a way which can be based on to puncture and improve the success rate of puncturing. Method: 110 cases of patients with skull three-dimensional CT image were measured to obtain the projection point of foramen rotundum（FR）in maxillary anterior wall (B), under the zygomatic puncture point(A),connecting point A with point B. After the curved needle piercing into the foramen rotundum by 21 skull specimens, the angle between AB line and the needle line was measured. Results: The linear vertical distance was 7.93±2.15 mm between the foramen rotundum and the line of the orbital bottom. There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the left and right side, the age and the gender, P > 0.05. The distance was 19.91±1.92 mm between the foramen rotundum and the M line .There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the left and right side and the age, P > 0.05.There were statistically significant differences in the gender comparison, P < 0.01. The distance between foramen rotundum and the supraorbital fissure（SOF）was 3.85±1.34mm.There were statistical differences between the left and the right of the distance which was between foramen rotundum and the supraorbital fissure. The projection point(B) of the foramen rotundum was in maxillary anterior wall in the skull which intersected the plane outside the center line of the nasal dorsum 2.0 cm with the plane and below orbital bottom plane 8 mm. The average value of the angle was 1.35° between AB line and the needle. Conclusion: It provides a reliable line for piercing into foramen rotundum in the anterior approach which is connected with under the zygomatic puncture point(A) and the projection point of foramen rotundum(B).

Objective To investigate whether there is an association between skeletal Class III and the cervical skeletal abnormalities by lateral cephalometric, panoramic radiographs, CBCT. Methods Select 249 patients with skeletal Class III who had accepted orthodontic-orthognathic surgery as the experimental group,120 were male and 129 were female;296 patients with Class I who had only accepted orthodontic treatment as the control group, 150 were male and 146 were female .All the patients’age were between 18-36.Record the data of the first four cervical fusion and posterior arch defects by the lateral cephalometric. The relationship between the abnormal cervical vertebra and skeletal Class III was analyzed by chi-square test. Results The occurrence rate of the cervical fusion in the experimental group was 71.84%(74 cases),while in the control group was 15.53%(16 cases).The occurrence rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.001);the occurrence rate of the posterior arch defects in the experimental group is 10.68%(11 cases),while in the control group was 4.85%（5 cases）.Conclusions? There is an obviously increasing occurrence rate of the cervical skeletal abnormalities in patients with skeletal Class III.

Objective: To investigate the adjustment of the asymmetry of the anterior and middle part of the lower arch by using fixed lingual arch as anchorage. Methods:6 patients with asymmetrical mandibular arch was treated by using fixed lingual arch as anchorage, plaster models before and after adjustment were collected, scanned and measured after the establishment of the three-dimensional digital model by Dolphin 11.0 software. Results: 6 patients were treated with mandibular fixed lingual arch for average 1-3 months, nearly symmetry of the mandibular arch were achieved, and difference between the distance from bilateral second premolar buccal cusps, canine cusps, midpoints of lateral incisal edge to the sagittal plane significantly reduced, and there was statistical significance（P<0.05）, while the difference between the distance from bilateral mesial buccal cusp of first molar to sagittal plane was not significant, and there was no significant difference in the width of first molar（P>0.05）. Conclusion: The fixed lingual arch can effectively adjust the asymmetry of the anterior and middle part of the lower arch, to establish normal occlusal relationship.

[Abstract]Objective: to study the charateristics of oropharyngeal airway size and three-dimensional morphological in different sagittal skeletal facial, to explore the relationship between craniofacial structure and upper airway morphology. Methods: collected class I, II and III sagittal skeletal pattern adult patients in Urumqi Stomatological Hospital orthodontic division from January 2014 to March 2016, and organized their pretherapy CBCT date, 30 cases in each group. Mimics 16.0 software was used to measure the sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, the area, volume and height, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: there are differences in different sagittal skeletal pattern group on airway morphology in sagittal diameter of SP plane, TE plane and EB plane, cross-sectional area of each plane, velopharyngeal the volume and total upper airway volume, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: the airway morphology of class Ⅱ sagittal skeletal patternis obviously narrow, and more likely to lead the sleep apnea syndrome occurrence. According the CBCT technology in clinical, analysis the airway morphology , formulate treatment and early prevent OSA.

Objective To evaluate the effects of magnetic attachments in temporary denture. Method 34 magnetic attachments were used in temporary denture for 17 patients who needed a long period of serial extraction and periodontal healing before final restoration. The clinical effects were evaluated. Results Among the 34 abutments，1 magnetic attachments had base plate broken where the magnets were cemented ，2 were found to have gingivitis，but none of them was found to have secondary caries，abutment looseness or magnet shedding. Conclusion Magnetic attachments can be used to improve the retention of temporary denture，and solve the problems of aesthetic and masticatory function in the transitional period.

Abstract: As the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus, the development and progression of periodontitis is closely associated with metabolic management. To chronic periodontitis patients, metabolic control and regular reexamination are the key to successful treatments. This report described a case of chronic periodontitis patient who was suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor control of blood glucose and had no regular reexamination, the periodontal destruction was much more serious than chronic periodontitis only and developed much faster, which condition emphasized the importance of good glycemic control and regular reexamination in treatment.

Objective　 To discuss and report the pathogenesis and therapeutic methods of a 17-year-old female patient with delayed tooth eruption. Methods　 Occlusal reconstruction with a maxillary removable denture and mandibular fixed prosthesis was performed and the patient was followed up to observe the therapeutic effect. Results　 At one and a half years’ follow-up, dentures were well used, the occlusal function returned to normal and the patient was satisfied with the restoration. Conclusions　 The maxillary activities and mandibular fixed prosthesis of the delayed tooth eruption are feasible, but the effect of the fixed restoration still needs further clinical treatment and observation.

Abstract: Clinically, mechanical stimulation is an important factor in enhancing the bone regeneration and remodeling, and mechanical-induced bone reconstruction is the critical biological basis of distraction osteogenesis, bone defect restoration and orthodontic tooth movement. BMPs, as the key signaling molecule in the regulation of bone development, play a significant role in the occurrence and regeneration of bone tissue. It has been shown that the activation of BMP signaling could promote the expression of osteogenic-related genes and induce bone formation．This paper will summary the research progress of BMP signaling pathway in mechanically induced osteogenic differentiation．

With the continuous improvement of living quality, the general public is not satisfied with just aligned and healthy teeth but also in search of a more pleasure and comfortable way to align teeth. This trend is more obvious in adults who seek orthodontic treatment. They view orthodontics with clear aligner as their preferred choice. When comparing with the classic brackets and wire treatment method, clear aligners employ a series of transparent and self-removable plastic aligners to align teeth and treat malocclusion. However, in the treatment process, there is a lag between the intended amount of teeth movement and the amount actually delivered, which causes a treatment efficacy issue. In order to facilitate the patient selection and the design of treatment involving clear aligners, this article reviews literatures concerning the efficacy of Invisalign when used to deliver a series of tooth movement including extrusion, intrusion, rotation, tipping movement ,expansion arch and molar distalization.

Although implant denture is used widely in restoration treatment of the missing teeth, peri-implantitis, which is characterized as an inflammatory reaction that affects the hard and soft tissues, has been the main cause to the loss of implants. With the development of mini-invasive medical treatment, peri-implantitis management has developed towards non-surgical therapy. Laser has the advantages of mini-invasion and strong sterilization effects, which makes it used widely on periodontitis, so more and more research and clinical techniques have been taken in peri-implantitis to explore its effects on peri-implantitis and to apply it into clinical practice . In this paper, there will be an overview about the application and research progress of laser on peri-implantitis.

Composite resins have been widely used in the field of oral medicine because of their advantages. Restorative material with good comprehensive properties is one of the developmental directions of material science. Composite resin incorporating special component can gain the ability of promoting remineralization, which is widely studied in dental science. This review focuses on the process of research on remineralizating component in composite resin.

Abstract: Periodontitis often result in massive bone destruction and show increased incidences especially in elderly population. As one of the highly-expressed inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), together with a certain group of microRNAs (miRNAs), have recently been shown to play important roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation in inflammatory microenvironment. This review summarized progresses in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effets of microRNA and TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation.

Bone defect caused by trauma, post-surgery tumor or septic necrosis usually cannot or cannot be completely restored by itself, and needs suitable substitute bones to help repair the defect. Thus scientists have been making efforts in developing and optimizing all sorts of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Chitosan has been served as one of the excellent raw materials of scaffolds for its outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. This paper focuses on reviewing recent studies on design and modification of chitosan scaffolds in restoration of bone defect and regeneration.

[Abstract] The impacted maxillary canine is one of the common clinical malocclusion . Because of the maxillary canines of jaw bone development, facial appearance and oral function plays an important role, so how to correct diagnosis and treatment of impacted maxillary canines received extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, the current common impacted maxillary canine diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.