The development of salivaomics techniques provide a robust platform for exploring biomarkers in saliva. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues initiated by the imbalance of periodontal pathogens and host inflammatory and immune response, which results in progressive destruction of the periodontal soft and hard tissues. Salivary microorganisms, biomarkers of periodontal inflammation, soft tissue and bone destruction can reflect the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Here, we review the current status of saliva biomarkers for periodontitis and their potential applications.

Objective : To explore the expression of Osterix during detinogenesis by the immunohistochemistry(IHC) staining. Methods: The mandibles of the mice were taken as specimens by HE and IHC after processing. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry showed that OSX expressed in the nucleus of odontoblast until the late bell stage. All odontoblasts under the crown express OSX at day 3. While IHC staining revealed that Osx rarely expressed in odontoblasts in the crown at day 14, but highly expressed in the root. OSX were highly expressed in odontoblasts after 7 days of operation, while were down regulated after 14days. Conclusion: It can be concluded that OSX protein may participate in the reparation of odontoblast, and have a role during dentinogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: To observe expression and significance of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),osteoprotegerin（OPG）and receptor activator of NFkappa B ligand（RANKL）protein in periodontal bone defects repair with calcined bone compounded with platelet－rich fibrin（PRF）in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 36 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, and unilateral periodontal tissue defect model was established in each group. These four groups were respectively treated with calcined bone, Bio-oss bone and calcined bone /PRF, and nothing (blank control group). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed respectively for a complete specimen used in gross, Masson staining and Immunohistochemical observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Masson staining: Calcined bone, Bio-oss bone and calcined bone/PRF set of postoperative 4、8、12weeks the maturity of the new bone were higher than the control group. Calcined bone/PRF group after 8 weeks, visible part bright red when mature bone formation.Immunohistochemical observation: After 4 weeks, 8 weeks of calcined bone, Bio-oss and calcined bone/PRF BMP-2 expression was higher than control group,Statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After 4 weeks of calcined bone/PRF group BMP-2, OPG strongly positive, and the number is higher than the other three groups, Statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Expression of RANKL-positive cells 4 weeks were higher than 8 weeks, 12 weeks, reduction in bone remodeling process in varying degrees, Statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Calcined bone/PRF set of repair of periodontal bone defects would increase the expression of BMP-2,OPG,RANKL, through the promotion of Osteoblast differentiation and stimulated OPG expression, Inhibiting osteoclast, help accelerate the periodontal bone remodeling, shorten the healing process.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different types of titanate coupling agents (KR-TTS,KR-12,KR-38S) applied alone or in combination with phosphate ester monomer (MDP or PENTA)on bond strength between resin composites and dental zirconia ceramics. Methods 130 pieces of ceramic plates were sandblasted and randomly divided into 13 groups based on the surface treatment to be applied: group Kt,,K1,K3, the self-formulated primers contain only one type of titanate coupling agent; group H-M, the self-formulated primers, combining with the phosphate ester monomer (MDP or PENTA) respectively, contain the titanate coupling agent; the positive control groups including the MDP (group M), PENTA (group P) self-formulated primers and commercialization MDP-containing primer Z-Prime Plus (group Z); the ceramic plates in the negative control group (group C0) received no further surface treatment. Then producted adhesive specimens and after bath in water for 24h, shear bond strength(SBS)and modes of failure were determined. Results The shear bond strength of each type of titanate coupling agent, whether used alone or combined with phosphate ester monomer(MDP or PENTA), were lower than that of the phosphate ester monomer MDP or PENTA and Z-Prime Plus(P <0.05). Simultaneously, the shear bonding strength of partial groups applying titanate coupling agents were even lower than that of the sandblasted group. Conclusion Application of titanate coupling agent negatively affected bonding between zirconia and resin.

Objective To evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects of two self-adhesive resin cements (Biscem and RelyX U200) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) under dual or chemical curing mode. Methods Disc-shaped specimens of two self-adhesive resin cements were prepared under dual or chemical curing mode and incubated for 24 hours in the dark. Then specimens were immersed in complete DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin) for 24 hours (37 ℃ and 5% CO2). After filtered through a sterile 0.22/μm syringe filter, the extract solution was diluted accordingly to 1︰5, 1︰10, 1︰20, 1︰40, 1︰80 with complete DMEM. The diluted solutions were considered as experimental groups and complete DMEM without specimen immersed was used as negative control. All the groups were co-cultured with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts for 24 hours. Then the morphology and amount of cells were observed under the microscope. The cell proliferation rates were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8. Besides, the cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining using a flow cytometry-based method. The data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA at a significance level of P＜0.05. Results The cell proliferation rates of two resin cements under chemical curing mode were significantly lower than that under dual curing mode at any concentration (P＜0.05). Besides, the cell proliferation rates of Biscem under chemical curing mode were significantly lower than the value of RelyX U200 under chemical curing mode (P＜0.05). Nevertheless, under dual curing mode, no significant difference was found between Biscem and RelyX U200 (P＞0.05). Two resin cements both showed that the apoptosis rates under chemical curing mode were significantly higher than the value under dual curing mode (P＜0.05). And the apoptosis rates of Biscem were significantly higher than RelyX U200 regardless of curing mode (P＜0.05). Conclusions The cell proliferation rate and apoptosis rate of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts can be influenced by the type of self-adhesive resin cements and their curing mode.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dentin post on the stress of resin filled corner defect of maxillary central incisor. Methods: A three dimensional finite element model of corner defect of maxillary central incisor with different dentin post was established by reverse modeling method． According to the design, the post space was prepared with a height of 2mm and diameter of 1mm. The influence of different dentin post on maximum stress of post, adhesive interface were analyzed by three-dimensional finite element method. Results: The maximum principal stress distribution is similar in each experimental group. The stress of post was mainly concentrated in resin and dentin junction; the stress of post resin interface was concentrated in the top of post; the stress of post tooth interface was concentrated in the resin and dentin junction. The maximum principal stress was different in three experimental groups, the maximum principal stress of zirconia group was larger than the other two groups; and the peak value of maximum principal stress of fiber post is smallest in three groups. Conclusion: The fiber post can effectively increase the resin adhesive area and reduce the maximum principal stress of the resin and bonding interface.

Objective　 To investigate the effects of osteoporosis on stability of titanium implants with completed bone integration. Methods　60 female rats were submitted to a titanium implant at the femoral knee. After a healing period of 8 weeks, the animals were randomly divided into two groups: sham-operated group(30 animals) and operation group(30 animals). The SHAM group was submitted to fictitious surgery and the operation group was submitted to bilateral ovariectomy. 3,6 and 12 weeks after surgeon, 10 rats of both the SHAM and operation groups were sacrificed. In order to confirm the bone structure alter in rats, the Micro-CT analysis, histological observation and also the biomechanical test were performed to measure the effect on the stability of implants. Results　 There was no significant difference in Sham-group between the three time points（p>0.05）. While by the time passing by, the test results of operation group showed that bone volume fraction, bone connectivity density, trabecular thickness and number decreased , but increased in trabecular spacing in the micro-CT analysis（P<0.05）. And the percentage of osseointegration of operation group decreased too（P<0.01）. The slices showed that the peri-implant bone tissues were absorbed, while the trabecular of fermur became osteoporotic after ovary removal. With time passing by, the Fmaxwere got lower too. Conclusions　 The present study shows a bone resorption in the region of bone around titanium implants and a decrease of the percentage of osseointegration after ovary removal. These changes finally result in the decrease of stability of integrated implant.

Objective　To prepare stable DAC loaded folate-chitosan nanoparticles and explore the inhibition effect on SCC-9.Methods　DAC loaded folate-chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionically cross-linking method. The physicochemical properties of the obtained NPs were characterized by dynamic light-scattering analysis for their mean size, size distribution, loading ratio, encapsulation efficiency and zeta potential; transmission electron microscopy for surface morphology; the nanoparticles were targeted to detect their effect on cells of tongue tumor SCC-9.Results　The average particle size of The nanoparticles was 212 nm. Zeta potential was 31.8mv.The drug encapsulation efficiency(EE) was 75%，and loading capacity(LC) was 18%. The DAC/FA-CS-NPs exhibited better than DAC alone. Conclusion　The DAC loaded FA–CS nanoparticles are stable, loading ratio and encapsulation efficiency are higher and can target at and inhibit SCC-9.

Abstract： Objective Toanalyze the effectiveness of Eichner classification of evaluation of the masticatory functionof the patients with dentition defect.Methods 104 patients about 65-74 years old with dentition defect were randomly selected from the patients who came to our hospital from January to June in 2016. Their chewing status regarding six kinds of food (including soft food: rice and noodles, hard food: apples and nuts, crude fiber food: meat and celery) was analyzed by well trained dentist by the method of clinical examinations and completed questionnaires. The score criteria was1 point for chewing easy, 2 points for chewing slightly difficult, 3 points for chewing difficult and 4 points for never eat these food.Patients selected the corresponding criteria according to their own feelings and meanwhile higher scores indicated worse chewing function. According to Eichner classification, each patient was classified and the overall rating as well as the scores of each food were statistically analyzed with correlation and regression analysis. Datas were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results The correlation analysis indicatedEichner classificationlevels were positively correlated with the overall rating of the masticatory function of patients (0

【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effect of Er:YAG laser in the treatment of patients with gingival pigmentation. Methods With Er:YAG laser in 6 cases of melanoma patients with gingival hyperpigmentation removal treatment, R14 handle, VLP mode, pulse energy 80mJ, frequency of 15 Hz, and water gas 2 were selected as parameters. 1, 6, and 12 months after the end of treatment to observe the effect, according to the change of gingival color and morphology of the treatment effect of gingival pigmentation.Results In the process of laser treatment in patients with Er:YAG high degree of comfort, small reaction after operation, one month after the operation a good recovery, 2 cases of patients with postoperative average 1-2 with mild recurrence, the remaining cases were observed for 6-12 months showed no recurrence time. Conclusion Er:YAG laser for the treatment of gingival melanin removal, short-term effect is stable, but the long-term effect remains to be seen.

Objective To identify condylar displacement from maximum intercuspation(MIC) to central relation(CR) in asymptomatic adults. Methods Oral casts and X-ray cepholamettics of the subjects were taken, then sieved and measured by jarabak method and MIC occlusal record was acquired. CR position was acquired by Roth technique and then AD2 facebow, bite fork and the wax record were used to transfer the occlusal relation to AD2 articulator. The change of occlusion relation on mounted cast and the condylar displacement between CR and MIC with Measures Condylar Displacement（MCD) were tested. The data were recorded and a statistical analysis was conducted. Results ①The amount of condylar displacement from MIC to CR in sagital，vertical and transverse direction presented Gaussian distribution(P>0.05). ②About 34.5% subjects’ MIC-CR condylar displacement didn’t overrun the Roth physiological range; and there was no obvious difference between the overruan group (To) and the normal group (T1)(P>0.05). ③About 31.1% subjects’ MIC-CR condylar displacement was discrepancy in three-dimension; and there was no obvious difference between consistent group(TC) and discrepant group(TD)(P>0.05). ④In the correlation analysis between MIC-CR bilateral condylar displacement and X-ray cephalometrics parameter, L angle and G0 angle had positive correlation with left sagittal displacement(r=0.385, r=0.467); SG0/NMe had negative correlation with bilateral vertical displacement(r=-0.442,r=-0.380). Conclusion Since the standard of people with no TMD symptom hasn’t come to an agreement, it’s possible that the false negative exists. The conclusion is different from former ones in which it implies the huge difference of physiological compensatory of the stomatognathic system.

[Abstract] Objective To compare clinical treatment effect of the lingualized and anatomical occlusal pattern of complete dentures in mandible with severely absorbed alveolar ridge. Methods Twelve edentulous patients with absorbed level III or IV mandible were selected, and were divided randomly into two groups, to receive the complete dentures with lingualized and anatomical occlusal pattern for three months in different orders using single blind method. Then the patients were asked to fill in the questionnaire of denture quality. The chewing efficiency of peanuts was measured by absorbance spectrophotometry, and the modification number resulted from pain was recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results The satisfaction rate of two occlusal patterns had no significant difference in esthetics, pronunciation, and comfort (p>0.05), while lingualized occlusion obtained higher satisfaction rate in retention and stability of the prostheses, chewing ability than anatomical occlusion (p<0.05). Two occlusal patterns had no significant difference in the chewing efficiency of peanuts (p>0.05), while lingualized occlusion had lesser number of modification than that of anatomical occlusion (p<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the anatomical occlusion, the lingualized occlusion of complete denture is more suitable for the mandible severely absorbed alveolar ridge.

Objective　 To evaluate the effect of full-mouth tooth extraction on the oral microflora, and to find the reason and analyze the impact of implants. Method: 75 patients who were treated in Department of Stomatology in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2016 were included in this study. All patients, who had 4 teeth left (each had over-5mm periodontal pocket), with moderate to advanced periodontitis and scheduled for full-mouth tooth extraction, were consecutively selected. 4 weeks and 3 months before and after full-mouth tooth extraction, oral microfloras were collected. At different times, saliva was collected for 2ml; tongue, buccal mucosa and alveolar ridge crest samples were obtained. Aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques were employed for the detection and classification of oral pathogens. Result: No differences were observed in total aerobic and anaerobic bacterial load of the tongue, mucosa and saliva samples during different time points. Before tooth extraction, the number of anaerobe was more than aerobe in periodontal pockets, while after tooth extraction anaerobe obviously decreased (P<0.05) and gram negative bacillus remained constant (P>0.05) on the alveolar ridge. Compared with that in non-smoking ones, the number of gram negative bacillus in smoking patients obviously reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: After full-mouth tooth extraction, anaerobic species of alveolar ridge crest have reduced, which reduces the risk of peri-implantitis.

【Abstract】Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal and dental effects of the SUS2 appliance with miniscrew anchorage in growing children with skeletal Class II anomalies. Methods: Totally 15 subjects with skeletal Class Ⅱ1 Malocclusion were treated by SUS2 appliance in combination with miniscrew anchorage. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken at the beginning and end of functional therapy. Paired T-test was used to determine if there were significant differences by SPSS 16.0. Results: The 15 children had been treated for total 9-12 months. SNB、Co-Gn increased significantly, ANB、Wits、U1.NA 、U1-NA、Overjet、Overbite decreased significantly after treatment. Conclusions: The SUS2 appliance with miniscrew anchorage is useful in correction of Class II malocclusion, witout incisor proclination, during the treatment, and make the overjet,overbite and molar relationship become normal.

　With the development of tissue engineering, more and more growth factors are applied to the reconstruction and regeneration of bone tissue in tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is the most common growth factor which is used to promote osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Currently, the combined application of BMP-2 with other factors is becoming a research hotspot. This paper mainly introduces the effect and mechanism of combined application of BMP-2 with other factors.

Trauma, infection and other factors often result in varying degrees or shape of ?the bone defect of alveolar bone, ?which have effect on the patient's appearance and health. In order to reconstruct the morphology and function of the bone defects, bone grafting are ruquired. Autogenous bone graft is a "gold standard"in bone defect, and its advantages have been known to clinicians, but its source is limited, and could easily lead to "secondary trauma" of the body . A rich source of allogeneic bone to meet the different forms of bone defects etc., become the second choice , and being increasingly used in the spinal fusion of orthopedics and extraction site preservation of oral. This article will make a review of the preparation, biological basis of allogeneic bone and its application in extraction site preservation.

Abstract: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a new type of dermal draft materials prepared from homogeneity or heterogeneity skin after special treatment. The first application of ADM was in the clinical practice in department of burn. With the deepening of basic and clinical research of ADM, it is widely applied in other clinical specialties due to its biological characters of low antigenicity, easiness to survive, good biological compatibility, easiness to crawl around the epithelium, combining well with the basal tissue and mucous membrane, good barrier membrane function. This summary emphasizes the research and application progress of ADM in dental implantation. It will summarize the application progress of ADM in three periods which are before implantation, during implant implantation and after implantation, and introduce the prospects and biological characters of ADM.

Rising population of diabetic individuals across the world has become a big concern to the society. The persistent hyperglycemia may harm each tissue of human body and consequently results in morbidity and eventually mortality of diabetic patients. What’s worse, it will have direct negative impacts on oral tissues. Most of clinical studies indicated statistically insignificant failure of dental implants even in moderately uncontrolled diabetic patients, compared with non-diabetic patients. Success of dental implant in well and fairly controlled diabetic patients with proper treatment planning, fair use of prophylactic remedies before and after operation and adequate postsurgical maintenance appears as often as that of normal individuals. This review caters actual scenario to practicing dentists regarding success and failure of dental implant treatment in diabetic individuals observed by various studies. The experience- based suggestions and experimental studies about increasing osteointegration and consequently improving success rate of dental implant treatment in diabetic patients have also been discussed.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles is a versatile new inorganic material, the particle size of about 1 ~ 100nm.Because of the fineness of particles, the surface electronic structure and crystal structure changed, the surface effect, the macroscopic objects do not have the volume effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic tunnel effect, with high transparency, high dispersion and other characteristics.In recent years with the nano-zinc oxide antibacterial effect of in-depth study, its application in the medical field gradually increased.,In this paper, the antimicrobial effect of nano-zinc oxide in medical applications to do a review and prospects.

Abstract：　Micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT or μCT) is an imaging method with high resolution to show the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the internal structure of teeth, which can observe the inner structure of teeth including hard dental tissues and dental pulp cavity without destroying the original objects. It is possible to measure and calculate many parameters such as the volume and surface area of the root canal. Even mechanical properties can be calculated by finite element analysis(FEA). Thus, it is attracting dental researchers' attention. This paper reviewed its application in the study of operative dentistry and endodontics.

计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制作（computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing ，CAD/CAM）技术因具有诸多优点，在口腔医学领域中应用日益广泛。此项技术的发展也推动了相关材料的进步，其中复合树脂材料由于易于切削和修改，正逐渐成为研究热点。本文就CAD/CAM复合树脂的新型聚合模式、力学性能和生物学性能的研究进展作一综述。