The pulp tissue is the core in maintaining the function of tooth defense, formation, sensation and nutrition. After removal of the inflammatory pulp in endodontic practice, the tooth vitality is basically lost, leading to many complications. It has been extensively investigated by researchers that whether or not the pulp inflammation can be properly treated in the same way as the inflammation of soft tissues in other parts which is usually controlled by antiinflammatory or other nonsurgical approaches instead of complete extirpation. With the development of molecular biology, biomaterial science, tissue engineering and so on, it provides a new opportunity for the regenerative treatment of pulp diseases. In this paper, the necessity, feasibility, clinical applications and problems of clinical pulp regeneration are extensively reviewed.

Objective　To investigate the masking ability of Lava Plus high transparent zirconia under different post-cores including Co-Cr alloy, masking Co-Cr alloy, precious metal and masking precious metal. Methods　 Specimens were fabricated by Lava Plus high transparent zirconia block. The colors of specimens were 2M2 and 3M2. Co-Cr alloy, masking Co-Cr alloy, precious metal, masking precious metal and 2M2, 3M2 zirconia blocks were fabricated as backgrounds. The L, a, b values in the central region of each specimen placed on the different post-cores were measured by using a 3nh spectrophotometer. Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD’s test were performed, and ΔE values were calculated and compared according to the formula. Results　 There was a statistically significant difference in L, a, b values of colors, backgrounds and their interaction (P = 0.000). The Co-Cr alloy group had the lowest mean L, a, b values among the four backgrounds, and the masking Co-Cr alloy and masking precious metal group had higher mean values than the other two backgrounds. There was a statistically significant difference in ΔL, Δa, Δb, ΔE values of colors, backgrounds and their interaction (P = 0.000), except Δa values in 2M2 and 3M2 groups (P = 0.252). The ΔE values in the Co-Cr alloy group exceeded the clinically acceptable range (ΔE≥5.5), which in the masking Co-Cr alloy group, precious metal group and masking precious metal group were not more than the perceptible threshold (ΔE <2.6). Conclusions　 Co-Cr alloy post-core has a significant effect on the color of Lava Plus high transparent zirconia, while Lava Plus zirconia has good opacity on the other backgrounds.

Objective To study the expressions of MMP-14 (matrix metalloproteinase-14), Vimentin and E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carecinoma (OSCC) and to investigate the relationship between MMP-14, Vimentin and E-cadherin expression and pathologic diagnosis, clinicopathogical features and prognosis. Methods The expression levels of MMP-14, Vimentin and E-cadherin were tested by immunohistochemical in 83 cases of OSCC and 20 in adjacent normal tissues, and statistical analysis was conducted according to the clinical parameters of follow-up patients. Results The expression level of MMP-14 protein in the OSCC tissue was significantly higher than that in the surrounding normal tissue (P<0.01). In OSCC tissue, the MMP-14 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis(P<0.01), low differentiated degree(P<0.05), and the T3-T4 tumor stage(P<0.05). MMP-14 showed significant positive correlation with Vimentin, and negative correlation with E-cadherin (P<0.01). Conclusion This study has found the close relationship between high expression of MMP-14 in oral carcinoma and the recurrence and prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition may promote invasion and metastasis of oral carcinoma, and MMP-14 promotes EMT.

Abstract:Objective:The effects of three different coating methods on the microtensile strength of the dentine dentin were compared.Methods: We selected 30 primary molars, divided into 2 groups (group AE and group XV), according to the different coating methods were divided into 6 subgroups, exposed dentin, with Z350 resin filling, prepared for the cross-sectional area of 1.0mm2 micro tensile specimens subjected to micro tensile strength test specimen fracture surface in the form of transmission electron microscopy (SEM) observation.Results:TIn this experiment, AE2 was measured by micro tensile strength, compared with the other groups, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The continuous coating two times to obtain micro tensile strength obtained high tensile strength than the other two methods, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation. Most of the type of fracture is the dentin resin interface failure and mixed failure.Conclusions：In this experiment, the adhesive strength of the Adper TM Easy One coating for two consecutive times is good when the resin filling is filled with resin, and it can be popularized in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the contamination control of microorganisms in dental unit waterlines after using the disinfectant agent containing hydrogen peroxide and silver ion. Methods 4 dental units in the department of periodontics were chosen to install disinfection devices and disinfected every three days in six days. before and after the disinfectant,10ml water samples were collected from the operator’s three-in-one air/water syringe, ultrasonic scaler waterlines and water for rinsing the mouth, cultured on R2A ager plates, recorded the Colony-Forming Units, compared them with 500 CFU/ml, analyzed the data with SPSS 19.0.Results Before the application of disinfectant, the bacterial colony reached to 34425CFU/ml from air/water syringe, 42858.33CFU/ml from ultrasonic scalers waterline and 13116.67CFU/ml from rinse water, there is no significant difference of bacterial colony between water samples before disinfecting. After using the disinfectant agent, the sterilization rates were from 92% to 100% and no significant difference was discovered between them. However, on the third morning after disinfecting, the level of bacterial colony has a clear recovery. Conclusion The disinfection effect of disinfectant within hydrogen peroxide and silver ion is significant but the maintenance of microorganisms in dental unit waterlines is not so good.

Abstract Objective: To investigate if there are any significant differences in torque control of the upper and lower anterior teeth of patients treated with active and passive self-ligating brackets. Methods: Forty patients treated using Empower or Damon self-ligating brackets (20 Empower and 20 Damon) were selected . SNA，SNB,ANB,MP-SN and inclination of incisors before and after treatment in the 2 groups were analyzed by cephalometrics. The changes of cephalometric measurements were analyzed by spss13.0 software.Results: There were no significant differences of cephalometric measurements between the 2 groups before treatment. There were no significant differences of SNA,SNB,ANB,MP-SN before and after treatment in the 2 groups .Inclination of incisors after treatment were less than pretherapy in the 2 groups . Inclination of upper incisors after treatment in Empower group were bigger than Damon group.The angle of L1-MP after treatment in Empower group was less than Damon group. The angle of L1-NB after treatment in Empower group was less than Damon group, but no significant difference.Conclusion: The torque capacity of active self ligating brackets were better than passive self-ligating brackets.

Objective To investigate the effect of sternocleidomastoid muscle flap and cosmetic incision for resection of parotid tumor and its effect on patient satisfaction. Methods A total of 74 patients with parotid benign tumors were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n = 37). The patients in the two groups were treated along the anteroposterior margin. The incision and resection of the tumor were performed. After the tumor was removed, the sternocleidomastoid muscle flap was repaired in the defect of the operation area. In the control group, no repair was conducted. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time and hospitalization time and other surgical indicators were compared.The postoperative complications of the patients in two groups were compared, and surgical satisfaction of patients of two groups was surveyed by satisfaction questionnaire. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative blood loss, operation time and hospitalization time between the two groups (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of temporary facial paralysis, salivary fistula and earlobe numbness between the two groups (P> 0.05 ). The incidence of depression deformity in operation area and Frey syndrome was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The satisfaction rate of the observation group was 94.6% (34/37), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (67.6% vs 94.6%).Conclusions The sternocleidomastoid muscle flap for resection of parotid gland tumor will not affect the operation time and the amount of intraoperative blood loss, and can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and improve the patient's surgical satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective　To discuss the design of 3D printing positioning guide plate in implantation, processing points and its application of cases in the surgical operation of 125I radioactive particle implantation of the advanced head and neck malignancies. Methods　 The design and making steps of 3D printing guide plate by the 21 clinical cases of my department were described，and statistic data of all cases were analyzed. Results　3D print finished implanting the patient 's personalized 125I radioactive particle guide plate, bringing a more convenient surgical operation with higher positioning accuracy. ,And the postoperative review CT showed that the particle implantation was evenly distributed, which was consistent with the preoperative goals. There were no significant implantation deviations in all cases. Of the 18 referral patients, 16 had a significantly reduced tumor, and only 2 had local mucosal rupture. Conclusions　The technology of 3D printing guide plate can effectively substitute for the traditional CT-guided surgery of the 125I radioactive particle implantation. It reduces the risk of radiation exposure around doctors and patients, simplifies the operation technology, which deserves promotion.

Objective To analyze the bifid mandibular canals’ incidence of Chinese Hans residing in southwest, and the morphological features of different types using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Furthermore, to provide the practical reference for relevant clinical operations. Methods 300 Chinese Han patients who attended the Department of Stomatology of Zigong fourth People’s Hospital during 2014 to 2016 were chosen. CBCT was performed to observe the bifid mandibular canal, and its characteristic of morphology were described and analyzed statistically. Results The incidence of southwest Chinese Hans’ bifid mandibular canal was 19.33%. The most frequently encountered type of bifid mandibular canal was retromolar canal (58.75%), followed by apical canal(23.75%) and forward canal (15.00%), the least one was buccal and lingual canal (8%). Conclusion CBCT observation reveals a high prevalence of southwest Chinese Hans’ bifid mandibular canal. Morphological differences exist among different types. The importance of bifid mandibular canal should be emphasized in clinical practice.

Objective To compare the clinical effects between flowable composite resin and glass ionomer in filling interproximal early caries of primary molars. Methods Self control method was used. 45 teeth were included in each group. The conservation condition of each group in 3 months, 6 months, 12 months was observed. Results The general failure rate of glass ionomer was significantly higher than flowable composite resin in the restoration of interproximal early caries of primary molar(P＜0.05). The failure rate gradually became higher and higher over time. There was not a significantly difference until 1 year later after the restoration(P＜0.05). As for the characteristics of antifracture and abrasive resistance，flowable resin was better than glass ionomer among various failed reasons analysis(P＜0.05). Conclusion Suitable material should be selected according to different cases because every material has its two sides, although the general failure rate of ionomer is higher than the flowable resin in filling interproximal caries of primary molars.

Abstract: Objective To compare the Carisolv minimally invasive treatment and conventional excavation in deep caries in primary deciduous molars, in order to guide the clinical treatment of the disease. Methods From April 2015 to April 2016, 132 children (218 teeth) with deep caries in primary deciduous molars were divided into 2 groups by random number table. 66 cases (110 teeth) in the observation group were treated with Carisolv minimally invasive treatment, while 66 cases (108 teeth) in the control group were treated with conventional excavation. Pain due to caries removal, dental treatment time, pulp vitality at 2 weeks after operation, and treatment related complications after 1 year were compared. Results The treatment time of each teeth in the observation group was (11.3±5.2)min, it is much longer than in the control group [(9.8±3.2)min, P＜0.05]. The pain during caries removal in the observation group was much lighter than in the control group (P＜0.05). After 1 year, the ratio of secondary caries, filler loosening and pulpitis in the observation group were 2.7%, 1.8% and 0%, these were much less than in the control group [16.7%, 9.3% and 6.5%, P＜0.05]. Conclusion Carisolv minimally invasive treatment of deep caries in primary deciduous molars may increase dental treatment time, but can significantly reduce intraoperative pain, reduce postoperative complications.

Abstract Objective：To explore the direct method and indirect method in denture relining in the clinical application effect Methods: Sixty cases of edentulate patients were chosen as research objects, which were divided into direct method group and indirect method group ,Comparing the stability of the two groups of repair, comfort, and retained Results: The indirect method and direct method in relining comfortable rate are 100% and40% respectively statistically significant; Relining denture stability after 3 months the direct method is 83% indirect method is 83% no statistical difference, 6 months and 12months the direct method is 70%, 50%, the direct method is 70%, 87% are statistically differences; Material retention rates for 3 months the direct method is 87% the indirect method is 96% no statistical difference, 6 months and 12 months after the direct method is 85%, 52%, were significantly lower than the indirect method 92%, 87% have significantly statistical differences. Conclusion: When making denture relining regardless of the soft lining material or hard liner material, using the indirect method of the stability of the denture, the patient's comfort and material conditions were better than that of the direct method is retained Suitable for clinical use

Objective Comparison the effect of four root cancal disinfectants alleviating clinical symptoms of periapical periodontitis primary molar teeth. Methods To divide 160 primary molar tooth having apical periodontitis randomly into four groups. All the tooth opened and prepared conventionally and then ultrasonic irrigation. Antibiotic paste was given in group A, vitapex paste was given in group B,calcium hydroxide paste in group C and cotton ball of camphor phend in group D for root canal disinfection．The effects was observed ten days after medication placement．Results The cure rate of abscess after 10 days is significant difference between antibiotic paste and other three groups(P=0.005),vitapex paste and calcium hydroxide are similarity (P=0.284),but camphor phend showed poor effect (P=0.026)．Antibiotic paste is similar with camphor phend(P=0.499)in incidence of postoperation pain within 24 hours,but better than vitapex paste(P=0.014）and calcium hydroxide(P=0.045). There are no significant difference between all the groups in percussion pain(P=0.417)．Conclusion Antibiotic paste could alleviate clinical symptoms of periapical periodontitis primary molar teeth effectively.

Objective To investigate the cognition and needs of oral health knowledge of different parents, whose children are aged between 3 and 6 years old, in order to provide basic information for treatment of children’s oral diseases. Methods 200 children’s parents were interviewed by questionnaire at Pediatric Dentistry Department of Jiangsu Provincial Oral Hospital. Results Participants of this investigation were scored totally 8.152±1.807. Ages, education degree and the relationships with children were connected with the scores of questionnaire. The most demanded information was about pit and fissure sealing and usage of fluoride. Besides, parents liked to absorb information via Wechat or brochures from hospitals. Conclusion The oral health knowledge of children’s parents should be improved, and the content and pattern of oral hygiene education should be broadened.

Abstract: Objective To study sex difference of maximum mouth opening(MMO) in adults and its correlations with height and weight. Methods 142 adults aged 18-26 were randomly selected. The vertical distance between the incisal edges of central incisors with the same name of maxillary and mandibular under maximum mouth opening status was measured with digital vernier caliper. All operations were performed by the same physician. The sex difference of MMO was analyzed by independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA. The correlation of MMO with height and weight was estimated by Pearson correlation analysis, followed by simple linear regression models being established. Results The MMO of those subjects selected in this study was (53.11±5.61)mm and the MMO of males (56.56±5.08)mm was significantly larger than that of females (49.55±3.54)mm，P﹤0.00. The Pearson correlation coefficients of MMO with height and weight were 0.67 and 0.71 separately. The regression equation: MMO=0.49H-30.92、MMO=0.30W+33.57. Conclusions Sex has a significant influence on the MMO values of adults. There are significant correlations between height and weight.

Cephalometric superimposition is used to demonstrate and evaluate growth and treatment outcomes in the dentofacial complex in patients by superimposing a series of lateral radiographs.The structural method raised by Bj?rk and his coworkers is based on the stable reference structures in dentofacial complex.This paper introduces the history，validity and reliability of the cephalometric superimposition and the tips of the structural method, aimming to provide reference to the treatment evaluation and longitudinal growth studies.

Resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process governed by an array of endogenous mediators. Timely resolution is paramount in preventing the inflammatory over reaction. Resolvin is a recently discovered endogenous lipid regulatory mediators with proven anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have shown that resolvin can limit the excessive activation and recruitment of neutrophils, promote the clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells, and play a protective role on the structural cells, thereby accelerating the resolution of inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis. Topical application of resolvin, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pulp and periapical tissue was also significantly reduced.

Peri-implantitis is a common complication of implantation. the incidence of which is high. According to the similar degree of human periodontal tissue structure and disease development, the suitable animals were selected, and the animal models were established by different methods for experimental study. The pathogenesis, development process, pathological characteristics can be further explored and more accurate diagnosis, assessments and appropriate therapies can be made. This paper introduces the selection of experiment animal, establishment methods as well as related researching status.

Periodontal disease is very common in dental clinic, which is caused by many kinds of factors of chronic progressive disease. The disease progress often leads to the patient's teeth looseness, shift, elongation and missing, which further results in malocclusion and teeth trauma, causing much trouble to the patients’ daily life. For the treatment of periodontal disease, the main emphasis of previous clinical treatment is periodontal non-surgical treatment,such as supragingival scaling,subgingival scaling,root planing and so on,cooperating with western medicine therapy. Although western medicine has some therapeutic effect, but it also has the potential of drug resistance. In recent years, with the further emphasis on Chinese medicine, TCM treatment of periodontal disease has become more and more widely used in oral clinic. In order to help clinical medical workers understand and master the traditional Chinese medicine method, the research progress of TCM treatment of periodontal disease will be reviewed in this paper.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a safe, noninvasive technology that is approved by the FDA for clinical use. It can produce photobiostimulate on cells and tissues by using 600-1000 nm monochromatic red or near-infrared light. At present, LLLT has been widely applied to promoting the wound healing, relieving pain, reducing inflammation and regenerative medicine et al. It is believed that the molecular and cellular mechanisms of LLLT are mainly related to the respiratory chain of mitochondrion. In this way, mitochondrion are responsible for the cellular metabolism by promoting the formation of ATP. A large number of studies have shown that LLLT can reduce the orthodontic treatment duration and accelerate tooth movement by promoting the physiological alteration of periodontal ligament and alveolar . Because of the photobiostimulating and noninvasive way, LLLT has wide application prospect in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. This review will cover the mechanism of LLLT , biological effects and its positive effect on orthodontic tooth movement.

Plant rehabilitation is a new way for dental restoration.of patients with periodontitis , which is attracting more and more attention. Clinicians should consider the severity of the patients with periodontitis and the influence of the basic condition of the body in order to grasp the chance of implantation and the process of periodontal treatment when deciding whether to have an implant surgery or periodontal treatment. There has been a lot of disputes in the application of implant restoration in patients with periodontitis for a long time. This paper will make a review on the implant restoration.

The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is defined as a therapeutic method based on handy instruments to clean softening and completely demineralizational tooth tissue, and then fill caries hole and close pit and fissure by adhesive dental material. One of its representative materials is the Fuji IX glass ionomer cement (GIC Fuji IX). SDF (Silver Diamine Fluoride, SDF) which is a kind of silver based dental caries prevention materials plays a vital role in the Arrest of Caries Technique (ACT). ART is one of the minimally invasive technique for caries treatment, GIC Fuji IX is the representative material of ART, SDF can increase the success rate of ART, there have a strong relationship between the ART, GIC Fuji IX, and SDF. The purpose of this review is to establish a double system in carious dentine restoration, which is consisted of ART, GIC Fuji IX, SDF and carious dentine.