As dentition defect is a common oral problem in patients, tooth autotransplantation can transplant donor teeth to the missing tooth area. In addition to restoring the masticatory function, it can also promote the growth of alveolar bone in children. This article reviews the indications and nonindications, success rate and comparison with dental implants, and clinical treatment procedures of tooth autotransplantation.

Objective To investigate the influence of minocycline on osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells (RDPSCs) and the effect on Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. Methods RDPSCs were randomly divided into control group and minocycline groups with different concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 mg/L), and osteogenic differentiation was induced. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell proliferation rate; the kit was used to detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN); alizarin red S staining was used to detect calcium deposition; qRT-PCR was used to detect ALP and OCN mRNA expression; Western blot (WB) was used to detect protein expression levels of β-Catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Results Compared with those in the control group, the proliferation rate, activity of ALP, content of OCN, calcium deposition, protein levels of β-Catenin and Runx2 were significantly increased in 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L minocycline groups; the protein level of GSK-3β was significantly decreased (all P＜0.05). The proliferation rate of RDPSCs in 10.0, 100.0 mg/L minocycline groups was significantly increased (P>0.05); activity of ALP, content of OCN and their expression levels, calcium deposition, protein levels of β-Catenin and Runx2 were significantly decreased; the protein level of GSK-3β was significantly increased (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Low-concentration minocycline can induce osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells, while high-concentration minocycline can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells, which may be achieved by regulating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To study the physicochemical properties and cytobiological characteristics of pure titanium coated with polydopamine-baicalin composite coating. Methods Pure titanium was coated with polydopamine-baicalin composite coating by co-deposition. Titanium plates were divided into pure titanium group, baicalin group, polydopamine group and polydopamine baicalin group (experimental group). The surface morphology and element distribution were analyzed. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured on the surface of titanium plates in each group, and the proliferation of BMSCs was detected to explore the effect on osteogenic differentiation. Results The polydopamine-baicalin composite coating was loaded on the surface of pure titanium by co-deposition method, and the hydrophilicity was enhanced, which had good cell proliferation and adhesion; the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 7 and 14 days of culture (P＜0.05). Conclusion The polydopamine-baicalin composite coating prepared by co-deposition method on pure titanium has good biocompatibility and can promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Objective To explore the effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on the coagulation indexes of severe periodontitis. Methods Twenty patients with severe periodontitis and 20 healthy people were included as the experimental and control group respectively. Periodontal indexes and coagulation indexes were recorded. The markers of cell free-DNA (cf-DNA) and myeloperoxidase-deoxyribonucleic acid (MPO-DNA) were measured by ELISA in peripheral blood. The ability of neutrophils from different sources to produce NETs after being stimulated was observed by immunofluorescence microscope. The correlation between NETs markers and coagulation indicators was analyzed. Results Periodontal indexes, NETs markers, neutrophil activity, and coagulation indexes in the severe periodontitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion NETs play an important role in the formation of hypercoagulable state in severe periodontitis patients.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between AECOPD and periodontitis by Objective By comparing periodontal, pulmonary function and serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients with AECOPD and patients in stable phase, to explore the internal relationship between AECOPD and periodontitis. Methods A total of 90 patients with AECOPD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were selected as subjects. According to their periodontitis stage, the patients were divided into 8 groups:AECOPD associated with Ⅰ stage periodontitis, Ⅱ stage periodontitis，Ⅲ stage periodontitis and Ⅳ stage periodontitis and COPD stable periodontitis with Ⅰstage periodontitis, Ⅱ stage periodontitis，Ⅲ stage periodontitis and Ⅳstage periodontitis. The general information, pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PLI)and sulcus bleeding index (SBI)were analyzed. Percentage of 1 second expiratory volume to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC%), percentage of the estimated volume of forced exhalation in the first second (FEV1%pred) and serum procalcitonin levels were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, BMI and smoking status between patients with AECOPD and at stable stage (P>0.05). The proportion of AECOPD patients with Ⅲ， Ⅳ stage periodontitis was significantly higher than that in patients at stable stage (P＜0.05). In Ⅰ stage periodontitis patients, PPD and SBI in AECOPD group were significantly higher than those in stable periodontitis group. PPD and CAL in Ⅱ stage periodontitis patients were significantly higher in AECOPD group than in stable group. SBI and CAL in Ⅲ stage periodontitis patients in AECOPD group were significantly higher than the stable stage group; PLI and CAL in Ⅳ stage periodontitis patients in AECOPD group were significantly higher than the stable stage patients (P＜0.05). As the severity of periodontitis increased, FEV1/FVC% and FEV1%pred decreased successively in patients with AECOPD and at stable stage (P＜0.01). The serum PCT level in AECOPD group under different periodontal conditions was significantly higher than that in stable stage group (P＜0.01). The serum PCT level was positively correlated with PPD (r=0.60, P＜0.01), CAL (r=0.58, P＜0.01), SBI (r=0.31, P=0.03), and significantly negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC% (r=-0.79, P＜0.01) and FEV1%pred (r=-0.80, P＜0.01). Conclusion Results of this study suggest that periodontitis and AECOPD may have a mutual promoting effect, and serum PCT may reflect the severity of periodontitis and the risk of acute exacerbation in COPD patients to some extent.

Objective To analyze the difference of the permanent dentition cephalometric norm in different genders and ages, and to discuss the measurement error of two-dimensional cephalometric analysis. Methods Samples of permanent dentition with normal occlusion were collected and screened, and the lateral cephalogram of each sample was analyzed by Uceph software, including 58 landmarks and 127 measurements. Results A total of 168 samples aged from 11 to 30 were included in this study. 42.5% and 27.6% of the cephalometric measurements of adolescents and young adults had gender differences, respectively (P＜0.05). The average intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.911. Conclusion The cephalometric norm established in this study is reliable and can be used for clinical diagnosis, treatment design and effect evaluation of orthodontic patients. There are some differences in cephalometric measurements between males and females, adolescents and young adults, and thus corresponding normal values should be adjusted in orthodontic clinic.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect of using hydroxyapatite bioceramics to fill the bone defect in the affected teeth after apicectomy. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the cases receiving apicectomy in our department from 2018 to 2020, and the patients were grouped according to their age, gender, affected tooth position, periapical lesion range, and clinical etiology type. Clinical symptoms and imaging examinations were conducted by preoperative and 6-month follow-up visits. The clinical success rates of the two methods of intraoperative filling of bone defect with hydroxyapatite bioceramics and covering bone defect area with oral repair membrane were compared with that of only covering bone defect area with oral repair membrane. Results By the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, a total of 57 effective follow-up cases (23 males, 34 females) with 88 affected teeth were screened and included, and the treatment success rate was 97.7%. According to the results of statistical analysis, gender, age, tooth position, periapical shadow size and clinical etiology type of patients had no statistical influence on the efficacy of apicectomy (P>0.05), but whether hydroxyapatite bioceramics was used to fill the bone defect area had a significant influence on the efficacy (P<0.01). There was no interaction between the use of hydroxyapatite bioceramics and other factors (P>0.05). Conclusion For cases with apical lesions less than 7 mm, a satisfactory treatment effect can be achieved if the bone defect area is simply covered with oral repair membrane. For teeth with lesions greater than 7 mm, bioceramics should be used to fill the bone defect area.

Objective To compare the suitability of the occlusal surface of single-crown restorations with different interocclusal recording methods. Methods Ten patients needing posterior single crown restoration were selected and 5 single crowns were made using 5 different occlusal recording methods. Experimental grouping:the Co group (Artex CR+ O-Bite bite registration) was taken as the reference, and the other four interocclusal recording methods as the experimental group, including the 3s group (3Shape TRIOS 3 static interocclusal record), 3d group (3Shape TRIOS 3 dynamic interocclusal record), Ka group (KaVo ARCUS digma) and Pr group (Dentograf). Through the patient satisfaction score, the occlusion time (OT)、disocclusion time (DT) recorded by the T-scan Ⅲ system and the clinician's chairside occlusal adjustment time to evaluate the occlusal suitability of the restoration. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the patient satisfaction scores, ΔOT and ΔDT values of the posterior single crowns made with the five interocclusal recording methods and the clinicians chairside occlusal adjustment time (P>0.05). Conclusion A variety of interocclusal recording methods combined with jaw movement can all achieve good clinical results in making a single crown of the posterior teeth.

Objective To evaluate the application value of passive self-ligating brackets in fixed orthodontic treatment by comparing the differences between passive self-ligating brackets and traditional brackets in non-extraction fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods Forty patients were selected from the existing cases, including 20 cases in Damon Q self-ligating bracket group and 20 cases in traditional bracket group. The changes of periodontal related index, the effect of arch expansion before and after treatment, the average course of treatment, the average number of visits, and the average time spent on chair-side operation of the doctor were compared between two groups. Results At 6 months (T6) and 12 months (T12) after adhesion, PLI and GI of patients in Damon Q self-ligating bracket group were significantly lower than those in the traditional bracket group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Compared with traditional bracket group, Damon Q self-ligating bracket group had obvious arch expansion effect, while the expansion effect of the Damon Q self-ligating bracket group on the maxillary first molar was prone to bodily movement. The average treatment course, the number of visits, and the average time spent on chair-side operation for each return visit in the Damon Q self-ligating bracket group were significantly less than those in the traditional bracket group. Conclusion Passive self-ligating brackets have obvious advantages over traditional brackets in terms of periodontal health and arch expansion effect, reducing average course of treatment, number of visits and chair-side operation time.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) and physical therapy for temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). Methods A total of 72 patients with ADDwoR who completed the treatment in the authors' department from February 2018 to August 2020 were included. 36 patients received intra-articular injection of HA, and Thirty-six patients received individualized comprehensive physiotherapy. Outcome assessment measures were maximum active mouth opening (MMO), visual analogue pain score (VAS) (0-10), jaw functional limitation scale (JFLS) and effective rate before, during and after treatment. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis of chi square test, t test and univariate analysis of variance. The difference was statistically significant in P＜0.05. Results Compared with before treatment, there were significant differences in MMO, VAS and JFLS during and after treatment in the two groups (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in MMO between the two groups during and after treatment（F=11.160，P＜0.05；F=6.766，P＜0.05）. Compared with the injection group, the MMO of physical therapy group increased during and after treatment by 2.5 mm (95% CI:1.1-4.0, P=0.001) and 3.1 mm (95% CI:1.0-5.3, P=0.005). Twenty-five cases（69.4%）were effective in the injection group, and 27 cases (75.0%) were effective in the physical therapy group. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups (χ2=0.277, P>0.05). Conclusion Both physical therapy and intra-articular injection of HA can reduce the pain, increase the maximum active mouth opening and improve the mandibular function of ADDwoR patients. Physical therapy has a better effect on MMO.

Many drawbacks such as the inability to collect complete data of the post space and low degree of digitization limit the application of full-digital and half-digital posts and cores technologies in clinical practice. This article aimed to introduce a novel technique for post and core digital impression acquisition. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM) was used to fabricate posts and cores in this novel technique. This novel digital post-and-core technology could produce customized posts and cores with better fitness and more suitable core shape.

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common oral clinical symptom that has a negative impact on patients' oral health and quality of life, of which the average prevalence is 33.5% among adults in China. At present, the treatment methods of dentin hypersensitivity commonly used in clinic include medicine, laser, filling with materials, crown restoration and so on. Recently, bioactive materials show a considerable application prospect in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity because of their biological similarity to natural tissue. This paper reviews the research progress of bioactive materials in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Bacteriophage is a kind of virus that specifically infects microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, and is a specific and important part of the oral ecosystem. A variety of phages are evenly distributed in the oral microbial community, dental plaque and pharyngeal isthmus community. Their interaction with the bacterial community maintains the stability of the oral micro-ecological system. Previous studies have shown that phages relate to the development of oral diseases and play an important role in the treatment of related oral diseases. This article reviews the distribution characteristics of bacteriophage in oral microbial communities, as well as its role and mechanism in the occurrence, development and treatment of oral diseases, aiming to provide some new ideas for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of related oral diseases.

The endocannabinoid system is a complex physiological system, consisting of endocannabinoid and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation as well as the cannabinoid receptors. Recent researches have confirmed the relationship between endocannabinoid system and bone metabolism. Studies show that CB-1 and CB-2 receptors, two of the most important receptors, are found in bone cells and have different effects on bone metabolism. In addition, other receptors such as TPRV1, GPR55, GPR119, and TPRV4 are involved in bone metabolism, too. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, two typical endocannabinoids, and their agonists and antagonist regulate osteoblast and osteoclast's differentiation and proliferation as well as bone remodeling through the mediation of cannabinoid receptors. It is thus clear that the endocannabinoid system is a potential target for future treatment to increase bone regeneration. Prospective studies on the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and bone metabolism are needed.

SOX2 gene plays an important role in the pluripotency and growth of embryonic stem cells, and is also one of the common tumor stem cell markers. Recent studies have confirmed that tumor stem cells are closely related to the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. This article reviews the mechanism and role of SOX2 gene in early diagnosis, proliferation, metastasis, prognosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Angle Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion are complex diseases, and genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ malocclusion. At present, domestic and foreign researches focus on the identification of the susceptibility genes of Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion using linkage analysis and association analysis. With the development of human genome sequence and high-throughput sequencing technology, genome-wide association analysis has become an efficient molecular genetic method to identify susceptible genes, making it possible to survey the susceptible genes of Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ malocclusion at the whole genome level. In this article, research progress of the etiology of genetic factors in Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion is reviewed.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is an ultrasonic wave with an intensity of 30-100 mW/cm2 and a frequency of less than 3 MHz. It is widely involved in regulating physiological functions such as the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells and cementoblasts, ultimately playing the role of accelerating tooth movement and protecting tooth root tissues. This article reviews the progress of research on LIPUS in cell regulation, in order to deepen the understanding of biological functions of LIPUS.

Gingival recession is a common clinical symptom. Periodontal tissue defects caused by gingival retraction will lead to aesthetic risks, which often causes serious aesthetic complications during the implantation of anterior teeth. Bacterial infection, periodontal biotype and prosthesis design have an effect on gingival recession. The surgical treatment of gingival recession has long been studied, among which autogenous soft tissue graft, including free gingival graft and subepithelial connective tissue graft, is a more reliable method. This review summarizes these two techniques of autologous soft tissue graft.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human immunodeficiency disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which has aroused much attention since its first onset. A growing interest in the study of chronic manifestations associated with HIV-1 infection has emerged and much attention from scholars has been paid to it during the last few years. There are no obvious clinical symptoms after HIV infection for a long time, but most patients may develop various oral lesions at early stages, such as oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, periodontal diseases, Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkinlymphoma. HIV-type periodontal disease is the most common among them. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of periodontal diseases is of great significance for the early detection of AIDS. This article intends to review the periodontal disease manifestations of HIV infected patients and the relationship between AIDS and periodontal disease development.