Recently, accelerating orthodontic tooth movement has been one of focus for orthodontist. The previous study found that periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics（PAOO）can effectively accelerate orthodontic treatment. Based on the regional acceleratory phenomenon（RAP）, this technology evolved in the past few years. PAOO claims to have several advantages. These include accelerated tooth movement, a reduced treatment time, less root resorption, enhanced alveolar thickness，differential tooth movement and, finally, more post-orthodontic stability. This paper provides an overview of the history and mechanism of PAOO. Their current clinical study and clinical application were introduced to let the readers have more comprehensive understanding for PAOO.

Objective To investigate the effects of norepinephrine(NE) on thebiological behavior of human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line FaDu.MethodsMTT assay was used to evaluate the influence of NEontheproliferation of tumor cells. Transwellinvasion assay was used to evaluate theinfluence of NE on theinvasion of tumor cells.The effects of NE on themigrationof tumor cells wasmeasuredby Transwellmigration assayand wound-healing assay.Additionally, theeffects of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol on the NE-induced proliferation, invasion and migrationof tumor cellswere measured.Results10μmol/LNE promotedtheproliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells significantly(P<0.001). However,pretreatment with 1μmol/L propranolol effectivelyinhibitedthe NE-induced proliferation, invasion and migration(P<0.001). ConclusionNEpromotestheproliferation, invasion and migration of human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells.These effectscan be suppressed by propranolol.

Objective To investigate osteogenesis and integration of tissue engineered bones repairing rabbit mandibular defect with HA/SLA-Ti and SLA-Ti implants synchronously embedded in them. Methods The tissue engineered bone constructed with rabbit BMSCs, nHAC and PRP was used to repair the full-thickness defect with a size of 15mm×15mm in buccal wall of rabbit mandibular, and HA/SLA-Ti (group A) and SLA-Ti (group B) implants were embedded in them synchronously. After 1, 3, 6 months of operation, specimens were harvested and assessed by means of gross observation, scanning electron microscope observation, histological observation, push-out test and uniaxial pull-out test of implants. Results Visible new bone tissue was formed in bone defect region and fine synostotic interface was formed around implants of group A, but in group B, there were some fibrous tissues between implants and newly formed bone. The results of scanning electron microscope observation showed that new bone was connected with HA/SLA-Ti directly and more tightly in group A than in group B. The results of histological observation showed that bone formation on the surface of HA/SLA-Ti was earlier than that on the surface of SLA-Ti. The results of push-out test and uniaxial pull-out test of implants showed that there was no obvious difference of push in stress force and extract out loading between group A and group B after 1 month of operation. However, after 3 months of operation, compared with group B, push in stress force and extract out loading of implants in group A increased obviously and the difference had statistical significance. Conclusion Dental implants embedded synchronously in tissue engineered bones which were used to repair rabbit mandibular defect could form better synosteosis with newborn bone tissue. The ability of synosteosis of HA/SLA-Ti was better than SLA-Ti, and time of bone healing was shorter than the latter.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of different fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) strains in root canals among periapical periodontitis patients. Method: A total of 200 samples of infected root canals with periapical periodontitis were collected. After DNA was extracted from the samples, 16S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was applied to identify the appearance of P. gingivalis. Among the P. gingivalis-positive samples, fimA type-specific primers were used to amplify the target DNA fragments by PCR, aiming to obtain the information about the distribution of different fimA genotypes. Pearson χ2 test was performed to investigate the correlation between fimA types and symptoms. Result: The presence of P. gingivalis was demonstrated in 48% of total number of infected root canals. A single fimA genotype was detected in 79 samples (82.3%). Combinations of up 2 different genotypes were detected in 12 cases. The distribution of six fimA genotypes among the P. gingivalis-positive samples was as follows: type I, 29.2%; type Ib, 8.3%, type II, 37.5%; type III, 14.6%; type IV, 19.8% and type V, 0.00%. There is no significant correlation between fimA genotypes and symptoms of periapical infection. Conclusion: There is fimA genetic polymorphism of P. gingivalis in infected root canals from different patients with periapical periodontitis. Relevance ratio of type II fimA is the highest, followed by type I and IV.

Objective: to examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment system for the treatment of dental treatment (patent number:ZL 2012 1 0206771.7).Methods: the use of sterile supply system of dental unit, in the artificial mouth, teeth of contaminated with hepatitis B virus, Streptococcus sanguis teeth splitting operation, the treatment chair of sterile supply system water airway bacteriology and Immunology inspection. Results: all the patients were not detected in the treatment of the gas supply pipe, the cell phone was connected to the cooling water pipe and the suction tube was detected. The bacteria were detected, and the connection of the three before and after treatment were not detected. Conclusion: the dental treatment of the back suction is there, but the comprehensive treatment of the dental treatment of Taiwan's sterile supply system can guarantee the supply system of aseptic.

Objective To evaluate the removal torque, osteoblast adhesion and gene expression of different TiO2 nanotubes implant with the rabbit model. Methods A total of 24 custom-made, screw-shaped, commercially pure titanium implants with length of 6 mm and an outer diameter of 2.5 mm were divided into 3 groups. Group A: the control implant is machined. Group B: eight implants anodized with 30 nm nanotubes. Group C: eight implants anodized with 70 nm nanotubes. Four weeks after the surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed. Subsequently, the leg was stabilized and the implant was removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge. Osteoblast adhesion was analyzed with scanning electron microscope. The gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2)、Insulinlike growth factors (IGF)、collagen-I (col-1) and osteocalcin (OCN) were examined by using real-time PCR. Results The results showed that implants anodized with 70 nm nanotubes could enhance removal torque in rabbit tibia and significantly improve the Runx2、IGF、col-1 and OCN gene expression level(P<0.05). Conclusions The implants with large diameter nantubes achieved favorable osteoblast response and a higher interfacial strength at an early implantation period compared with the machined titanium implants and small diameter nantube implants.

Abstract: Objective To study the corrosion resistance of Vitallium 2000 plus Co-Cr-Mo alloy in different milk beverages. Methods Compared with artificial saliva (the control group), electro chemical technique was used to measure the electric potential of corrosion (Ecorr), current density of corrosion (Icorr) and polarization resistance (Rp) of Vitallium 2000 plus Co-Cr-Mo alloy in different dairy products. After electrochemical analysis, microstructural and phase diffraction was examined by FSEM to compare the morphological differences between groups before and after the corrosion. Results The Icorr of Vitallium 2000 plus Co-Cr-Mo alloy in three different experimental groups increased, while Ecorr and Rp decreased evidently. Compared with the control group, the corrosion resistance showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion The corrosion resistance of Vitallium 2000 plus Co-Cr-Mo alloy decrease evidently in milk, soymilk and yogurt.

Objective To study the effect of artificial saliva and lactic acid solution on the fatigue strength of Vitallium 2000 Co-Cr-Mo alloy clasps. Methods 15 clasp specimens of Vitallium 2000 Co-Cr-Mo alloy clasps were made from prefabricated clasp wax, and were divided into 3 groups. Specimens were tested in air, artificial saliva and lactic acid solution. Initial loading force and loading cycle numbers before fracture were registered automatically, and fracture flaws were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results Initial loading force of Vitallium 2000 Co-Cr-Mo alloy clasps didn’t differ significantly in three test conditions (P>0.05).The tested clasps had the highest loading number cycles in air and the lowest ones in lactic acid solution. Fatigue strength analysis of SPSS software showed a significant difference among three groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The results suggest that both artificial saliva and lactic acid solution reduce the fatigue strength of Vitallium 2000 Co-Cr-Mo alloy clasps.

Objective To investigate bilateral temporomandibular joint of patients with unilateral symptoms in cone-beam computed tomography and research the refrence planes that may be different,providing refernce for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and comparative study. Methods 87 cases with unilateral symptoms were examined by CBCT and the following indexes were observed and analyzed,including horizontal angles of the cross-sectional condyle after the reconstruction in the same patient、the joint space、the macroaxis diameter of condyle and vertical angles of condyle, which were commonly used at oblique position parallelled to the long axis of condyle、the gradient of articular tubercle and the joint space,which could be obtained at sagittal and oblique position vertical to the long axis of condyle.The data obtained was analyzed by paired t tests with SPSS13.0 software package.Results It was shown that there were significant difference between the bilateral measured value of joint space when the angle was 120°in parallel plane、60°and 90°in sagittal plane、60°and 120°in vertical plane(P < 0.05).The diffenrence was more significant when the angle was 90°in sagittal plane(P < 0.01), the other ones were no significant difference. Conclusion To patients with TMD, it is more easily to observe differences between the bilateral measured value of joint space in the sagittal or vertical plane,where the increase of the front joint space can be seen and the construction was more significant for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and comparative study.

Abstract：　Objective　To evaluate the cleaning ability of different kinds of ultrasonic irrigants and rinsing time after root canal preparation. Methods　Eighty maxillary anterior teeth with single -canal were randomly divided into eight groups. All root canals were prepared to F3 with Protaper by machine. The specimens were respectively irrigated with ultrasound for one minute and three minutes. Group A and B used compound chlorhexidine gargle; Group C and D: 3% H2O2 solution; Group E and F: distilled water; Group G and H: 17% EDTA solution. The teeth were split along buccolingual direction , and the presence of debris and smear layer in the cervical , middle and apical thirds of the root canals were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope. Results　When the specimens were irrigated for one minute with different kinds of irrigants, statistical analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference between Group G and the other groups for debris removal in the cervical and middle third of the root canals (P<0.05). In the apical third of the root canals, there was statistically significant difference between group G and group C (P<0.05), and the differences between group C and group A or E(P<0.05) were also statistically significant. When the specimens were irrigated for three minutes with different kinds of irrigants , statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between the group H and the other groups for debris removal in the cervical and middle third of the root canals (P<0.05). In the apical third of the root canals , there was no statistically significant difference between group H and group D (P>0.05), but significant difference existed between group H and group B or F(P<0.05).When the specimens were irrigated for different time with the same irrigant, there was statistically significant difference in the middle and apical third of the root canals between group A and B(P<0.05). Statistically significant difference was found in the apical third of root canals between group C and D(P<0.05), but no statistical significance existed between group E and F or between group G and H(P>0.05).Conclusion The ultrasonic irrigation with 17% EDTA solution for one minute can effectively remove the smear layer and debris of root canal. The effect of 3% H2O2 and compound chlorhexidine gargle is not better than that of 17% EDTA, but the appropriate extension of rising time can enhance the effect of the apical third of root canal.

Objective To estimate the efficacy and safety of oral propranolol in treatment of infantile hemangioma. Methods From Mar., 2012 to Mar., 2014, 49 children with infantile hemangioma were selected as experiment group by using propranolol at a dose of 2.0 mg/(kg?d-1), twice a day; 40 children with infantile hemangioma were selected as control group by undergoing intralesional injection with pingyangmycin. The changes of the hemangioma size and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded every 3 to 4 weeks. The entire process lasted until the lesion did not change. Efficacy was evaluated by using Achauer system. Results In propranolol group, the total effective rate was 93.88%, including 3 cases of classⅠ(poor), 6 cases of classⅡ(moderate), 16 cases of classⅢ(good), and 24 cases of classⅣ(excellent); In pingyangmycin group, the total effective rate was 77.50%, including 9 cases of classⅠ(poor), 11 cases of classⅡ(moderate), 13 cases of classⅢ(good), and 7 cases of classⅣ(excellent). The efficacy in propranolol group was significantly better than that in pingyangmycin group (P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in propranolol group (6.12%) was lower than that in pingyangmycin group (10.00%). Conclusion Oral propranolol is effective in treatment of infantile hemangioma, with a low incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effects of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in frenuloplasty in young children, and to discuss its characteristics and safety in clinic. Methods 187 patients at the age of 1-4 years who underwent frenuloplasty under sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in outpatient department from January 2013 to April 2014 were included in this study. The heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, electrocardiogram and oxygen saturation were continuously monitored during operations. All the patients were observed in hospital and not allowed to leave until the Aldrete score reached at least 9. All the cases were reviewed and their data were statistically analyzed. Results All the patients finished operations successfully without struggling or crying and the vital signs were stable during operations. The average anesthesia work time was 48±9.3 seconds, the average operation time was 17.2±5.7 minutes, and the average recovery time was 7.4±8.3 minutes. During recovery, 52 (27.81%) patients were agitated and cried, 2 (1.1%) experienced transient fever, but no complication such as nausea or emesis happened in any patients during and after operations. Also, no complications of anesthesia or operations were detected in the follow-up. Conclusion It is safe and efficient to apply sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia to frenuloplasty in young children.

Objective To improve adult anterior teeth with slight malocclusion and obtain clinical aesthetical effect by using zirconium dioxide all-ceramic restoration in a short period of treatment. Methods 22 patients with slight malocclusion in anterior teeth, who were unwilling or unsuitable for orthodontic treatment in a long time, were selected for all-ceramic aesthetical restoration. After treatment, therapeutic effects were evaluated with a follow-up observation in one year. Results 19 patients were satisfied with the orthodontic effects. Their dentitions were tidily and beautifully restored, and had harmonious relationships with adjacent teeth, jaw teeth, and the patients’ facial appearances. Conclusion The choice of indications, preparation before dental aesthetical restoration, standardized butment preparation, fabrication of transitional restoration, and the selection of all-ceramic materials, were crucial for using all-ceramic restoration to improve adult anterior teeth with slight malocclusion.

Objective To study the curative effects of budesonide suspension inhalation in the treatment of postoperative sore throat after oral operation under general anesthesia. Methods 89 patients having oral operations under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation were randomly selected and divided into two groups, namely the observation group which applied budesonide inhalation therapy and the control group applying gentamicin + alpha chymotrypsin + dexamethasone inhalation therapy. Both groups conducted the therapy twice a day. Patients’ complaints of postoperative sore throat were recorded after the second therapy for 3 consecutive days. The degree of sore was evaluated according to Prince - Henry score, and the results were compared between groups. Results Significantly different between groups regarding the degree of ease of postoperative sore throat (P<0.05), the relieving effect in the observation group were better than that in the control group. Conclusion Budesonide atomization inhalation treatment can relieve postoperative sore throat after oral operation under general anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the short-term clinical outcome of Er, Cr:YSGG laser in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods A total of 20 participants diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our department. This research was conducted by a split-month design. For each participant, one arch side was treated with Er, Cr:YSGG laser, and the other side was treated with conventional SRP (hand curettes). The changes in CAL, PD, and percentage of BOP(+) between the two novel therapies were evaluated 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The pain and discomfort of patients during treatments were evaluated using VAS analogue. Results All the participants were well tolerated by both treatments. There was no major side effect of laser treatment. For VAS, there was no statistical difference between the two treatments. In the 1-month follow-up, percentage of BOP(+) was significantly increased in Er, Cr:YSGG laser group, from 45% to 12%. And in SRP group, percentage of BOP(+) decreased from 43% to 13%. The clinical outcomes in both groups were significantly improved 1 month postoperatively compared with baselines (P < 0.05). In the 3-month follow-up, the clinical outcomes were sustainable. However, there was no difference in changes of clinical outcomes between laser and SRP treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusion With its advantages over conventional SRP and similar clinical effects to SRP, Er, Cr:YSGG laser can be considered as a reliable method in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

［Abstract］ Objective To evaluate the root canal shaping abilities of ProTaper and K3 . Methods A total of 40 extracted maxillary premolars each with two root canals were divided into two groups，one prepared by ProTaper and the other by K3 rotary instruments. 3D imaging was made respectively before and after preparation. Recording the 3D data of three loci of the cross section,buccolingual plane and the mesial and distal section.The efficiency of preparation was analyzed by three-dimensional imaging. Results Compared to ProTaper, the cutting ability on dentin of K3 was a little inferior, significant difference was found between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The shape of root canals after preparation of K3 were better than ProTaper. The dentin removal was less，which Less weaken the resistance of remaining tooth structure.

Abstract: Objective To observe the accuracy of estimating work length by direct digital panoramic. Methods 191 Root-Canal-Therapy-finished canals without symptoms in 3 months after treatment and with preoperative direct digital panoramic view were selected. Easy Dent 4 was used to measure the lengths and estimate the work lengths. The measurements were included into Group A, and the results measured by electronic apex locator Raypex4 (as standards) were included into Group B. The correlation and consistency between Group A and B were observed by SPSS18.0. Results The data of Group A was highly correlated with that of Group B: 95% confidence interval of error within 1mm between Group A and B was (-0.635,0.362). Conclusion Estimating the work length by direct digital panoramic is reliable, which can be used for preliminary estimate before root canal therapy.

Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the status and influencing factors of pregnant women’s participation in pre-pregnancy oral examinations in Zhangjiagang City. Methods From February to June in 2014, 783 pregnant women in Maternal and Child Health Institute of Zhangjiagang had been chosen as survey objects. Designed in combination with the aim of the present study, the questionnaire involved a wide range of questions: demographic information, status of pre-pregnancy oral examinations; reasons for not taking pre-pregnancy oral examinations, etc. Then, a statistical analysis was made based on the results of the questionnaire. Results Among the 783 pregnant women, 104 had taken pre-pregnancy oral examinations, accounting for 13.3% of all. Whether the respondents had taken pre-pregnancy oral examinations was related to their age group, level of education, monthly income, the employment state（P＜0.05）， and was significantly associated with their oral health knowledge（P＜0.001）, but was not obviously related with their attitudes towards oral health. The primary reasons for 679 pregnant women’s not taking pre-pregnancy oral examinations were listed successively as follows: no dental problems or not feeling necessary, no time or not knowing the need of oral examination, and fear of pain. Conclusions The proportion of the pregnant women who have taken pre-pregnancy oral examinations in Zhangjiagang is low. It is necessary to strength the oral health education among childbearing women, and to stringently put pre-pregnancy oral examinations into the basic project of preconception care for the purpose of promoting health of the pregnant women and their fetus.

The relationship between neuronal guidance factor and tumor is getting more and more attention. Semaphorin 3A(SEMA 3A) is the first one that studied as neuronal guidance factor in the family of Semaphorins.With the further research,it is fined that SEMA 3A also plays an important role in apoptosis,cell migration,tumor growth and immunoregulation.Therefore,it is considered that SEMA 3A is a new breakthrough of oncotherapy.This article reviews current knowledge on structure and mechanism of SEMA 3A, as well as its research status,focusing in the its “Promotion effect” and “Inhibiting effect” in cancer.

Adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs) gradually become the research focus of regenerative medicine,owing to its multipotential differentiation and self-replicating ability. ADSCs can differentiate into fat cells and vascular endothelial cells.It can secrete cell factors, promote angiogenesis,improve the environment of inflammatory lesions,and inhibit cell apoptosis.Application of ADSCs in the treatment of facial trauma, can significantly improve the wound healing effect.

As its ability to provide high precision 3D reconstruction and more anatomic information than conventional lateral cephalograms, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in analyzing the craniofacial morphology and structure. So far, however, there is still no a completed standard for analyzing the craniofacial structure. This paper introduces a review of comparison of liner and angular measurement among CBCT 3D reconstruction, CBCT synthesized cephalograms and conventional lateral cephalograms, providing a reference for clinical application.

With the accomplishment of human gene sequencing and the coming of post genomics time, proteomics was born at the right moment. Proteomics hitherto has started to step into many fields including oral diseases. Caries is the most common oral disease, and using proteomics to study its particular occurrence and developmental mechanism will be helpful to deeper understand the occurrence and development of caries, thus to carry out better prevention and treatment. The article reviewed the application of proteomics in caries research.